{"id":9759,"date":"2020-10-13T12:00:15","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T17:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/mail-in-voting-became-much-more-common-in-2020-primaries-as-covid-19-spread\/"},"modified":"2024-04-13T23:44:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T04:44:59","slug":"mail-in-voting-became-much-more-common-in-2020-primaries-as-covid-19-spread","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/13\/mail-in-voting-became-much-more-common-in-2020-primaries-as-covid-19-spread\/","title":{"rendered":"Mail-in voting became much more common in 2020 primaries as COVID-19 spread"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17831\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/13\/mail-in-voting-became-much-more-common-in-2020-primaries-as-covid-19-spread\/ft_20-09-29_absenteevoting_feature-jpg-2\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"7a8584\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #7a8584;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"576\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?w=1024\" alt=\"A sign outside the Charlotte, Vermont, Town Hall on Aug. 10, 2020. (Robert Nickelsberg\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-17831 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=564,317 564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=1128,634 1128w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=690,388 690w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=268,151 268w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=536,302 536w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=194,110 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=148,84 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=296,168 296w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=720,405 720w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=200,113 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=260,146 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=310,174 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=740,416 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_feature-jpg.webp?resize=540,304 540w\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A sign outside the Charlotte, Vermont, Town Hall on Aug. 10, 2020. (Robert Nickelsberg\/Getty Images)\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mail-in voting \u2013 often called absentee voting or vote-by-mail \u2013 has slowly but <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/24\/as-states-move-to-expand-the-practice-relatively-few-americans-have-voted-by-mail\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">steadily gained in popularity<\/a> in the United States. And it received a big boost this year as primary season ran head-on into the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topics\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">novel coronavirus pandemic<\/a>. Mail-in ballots accounted for just over half of this year\u2019s primary votes cast in the 37 states (plus the District of Columbia) for which data is available. That was roughly double the mail-in share of the vote in those same jurisdictions in the 2018 and 2016 general elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17800\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/13\/mail-in-voting-became-much-more-common-in-2020-primaries-as-covid-19-spread\/ft_20-09-29_absenteevoting_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeece6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeece6;\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?w=620\" alt=\"In the U.S., absentee\/mail voting surged in the 2020 primaries\" class=\"wp-image-17800 not-transparent\" width=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png 620w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=277,300 277w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=374,405 374w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=200,217 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=260,282 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=310,336 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=420,455 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=160,173 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_1.png?resize=320,347 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In all, 26.6 million mail-in votes were cast in the 49 presidential, state and combined primaries that the Center examined for 2020, out of nearly 53 million total votes. (Some states held stand-alone presidential primaries and their regular state primaries at a later date; others combined them all on a single date.) The actual totals are almost certainly bigger, since some of the states for which detailed data isn\u2019t available \u2013 including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2020\/05\/24\/mail-vote-ballots-colorado-coronavirus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Colorado<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.azpm.org\/p\/newsfeature\/2020\/8\/21\/178857-arizonas-long-history-with-voting-by-mail\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arizona<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/missoulacurrent.com\/government\/2020\/09\/mail-ballots-election\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Montana<\/a> \u2013 historically have had high rates of mail-in voting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"is-style-alternate wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible js-react-collapsible is-style-alternate\" data-title=\"How we did this\" data-style=\"is-style-alternate\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to quantify how prevalent mail voting (also referred to as absentee voting) became during the primary 2020 season, compared with the two most recent general elections in 2018 and 2016. We were able to obtain 2020 primary data from 37 states and the District of Columbia, either from the websites of the state elections authorities or, when those weren\u2019t available, on direct inquiry to state officials. Data for 2018 and 2016 came from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eac.gov\/research-and-data\/studies-and-reports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Election Administration and Voting Survey<\/a>, conducted every two years by the federal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eac.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Election Assistance Commission<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For 2020, when presidential primaries and primaries for other offices were held on separate dates, we tried to get data on both. In most cases, states provided data on the total number of ballots cast in the primary. When those figures weren\u2019t available, we typically used the race that attracted the most voters.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"is-style-alternate wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"terminology\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;terminology&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Terminology<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible js-react-collapsible is-style-alternate\" data-title=\"Terminology\" data-style=\"is-style-alternate\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/elections-and-campaigns\/absentee-and-early-voting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Conference of State Legislatures<\/a> points out, ballots sent to voters and voted somewhere besides a polling place have traditionally been called \u201cabsentee ballots.\u201d But as more and more states have made such ballots easier to get \u2013 in five states they are now the default way of voting \u2013 they are increasingly referred to as \u201cby-mail ballots\u201d or some variation thereof. (The word \u201cmail\u201d indicates how the ballots are distributed to voters; they typically can be returned by mail or dropped off at an election office, drop box or some other authorized place.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2018,\u202f27.4%\u202fof the\u202f85.4\u202fmillion general-election votes in the same 38 jurisdictions were mail ballots. In the 2016 general election,\u202f24.9%\u202fof that year\u2019s 96.8 million were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mail shares in 2018 and 2016 were only slightly lower when all 50 states were included \u2013 25.6% and 23.4%, respectively. (This analysis compares voting in this year\u2019s primaries to general election voting in the past two election cycles. It\u2019s possible that primary voters may differ in some systematic way from general election voters in terms of the method they choose to vote.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On one hand, this year\u2019s surge in mail-in voting continues a years-long trend. But the magnitude of the increase also reflects people\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/08\/26\/biden-supporters-in-states-where-it-is-hardest-to-vote-by-mail-are-most-concerned-about-voting-this-fall\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">concerns about voting in person<\/a> during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes states made to their voting laws and procedures in response to the pandemic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the scope and seriousness of the pandemic became clear this spring, many states hurriedly shifted their presidential and state primaries to push for \u2013 or in some cases require \u2013 voting by mail. Mail ballots accounted for more than half the votes cast in 21 of the 49 presidential, state and combined primaries for which detailed vote breakdowns were available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It seems likely that mail voting also will <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/08\/11\/us\/politics\/vote-by-mail-us-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">account for a large share<\/a> of this fall\u2019s general election vote. Even as President Donald Trump has raised concerns about the fairness and security of mail-in balloting (for which multiple studies have found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/false-narrative-vote-mail-fraud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">little evidence<\/a>), many states are strongly encouraging their citizens to vote that way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">California, Nevada, New Jersey and Vermont are mailing ballots to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/elections\/2020\/how-to-vote\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">all registered voters<\/a>, as are <a href=\"https:\/\/missoulacurrent.com\/government\/2020\/09\/mail-ballots-election\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">most of Montana&#8217;s counties<\/a> and the District of Columbia. They join five other states that had already shifted to all-mail elections before the coronavirus outbreak: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.governing.com\/news\/headlines\/Colorado-Shifting-to-All-Mail-Election.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Colorado<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/best-states\/articles\/2019-06-26\/all-mail-balloting-becomes-law-in-hawaii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hawaii<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/21401321\/oregon-vote-by-mail-2020-presidential-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oregon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deseret.com\/utah\/2020\/8\/18\/21372318\/utah-facts-vote-by-mail-post-office-delays-president-donald-trump-postal-service-ballots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Utah<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/politics\/washington-was-a-vote-by-mail-pioneer-now-other-states-are-following-suit-amid-coronavirus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Washington state<\/a>. (All of those jurisdictions except Oregon will also offer limited in-person voting, although they are encouraging voters to either mail back their ballots or drop them off at secure locations.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A dozen other states are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/2020\/politics\/vote-by-mail-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mailing every registered voter<\/a> a vote-by-mail application as a way of encouraging them to choose mail voting over heading to the polls. In several other states, at least some counties are doing the same thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"big-increases-in-mail-voting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Big increases in mail voting<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17795\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/13\/mail-in-voting-became-much-more-common-in-2020-primaries-as-covid-19-spread\/ft_20-09-29_absenteevoting_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e0d3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e0d3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?w=786\" alt=\"Amid COVID-19 outbreak, absentee\/mail voting increased during 2020 U.S. primary elections\" class=\"wp-image-17795 not-transparent\" width=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=230,300 230w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=768,1000 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=786,1024 786w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=311,405 311w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=200,260 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=260,339 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=310,404 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=420,547 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=640,834 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=740,964 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=160,208 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.09.29_AbsenteeVoting_2.png?resize=320,417 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For most of the 38 jurisdictions in this analysis, the 2020 primary season represented a big leap in the use of mail voting. In 29 states and D.C., the vote-by-mail share of this year\u2019s primary vote exceeded the levels set in those places in 2018 and 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In several states, the share of voters who cast their ballots by mail rose dramatically this year. In Nevada, for example, 98.4% of the more than 491,600 votes cast in the June 9 state primary were mail ballots, compared with less than 9% in the 2018 general election. In Rhode Island, the mail-voting share rose from less than 5% in the 2018 general election to 83% in the June presidential primary. (By September\u2019s statewide primary, however, the mail-voting share in Rhode Island had fallen to 42.7%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The COVID-19 pandemic has had a clear effect on mail voting patterns this year. The average by-mail share of the vote in primaries held before March 13 \u2013 when Trump <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/proclamation-declaring-national-emergency-concerning-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">declared the pandemic a national emergency<\/a> \u2013 was 11.3%. For the primaries held after that date, the average was 51.5%. (In both cases, we excluded primaries held in the all-mail voting states of Hawaii, Oregon, Utah and Washington; we didn\u2019t have figures for Colorado, another vote-by-mail state.) In Massachusetts, the change was particularly striking: 47.7% of votes in September\u2019s state primary were mail ballots, up from 3.3% in the March presidential primary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"partisan-differences-in-support-for-mail-voting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partisan differences in support for mail voting<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Support for mail voting appears strong, but there are wide partisan differences. About two-thirds of Americans (65%) say the option to vote early or absentee should be available to any voter without requiring a documented reason, according to a June <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/07\/20\/as-covid-19-cases-increase-most-americans-support-no-excuse-absentee-voting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pew Research Center survey<\/a>. Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents were about twice as likely as Republicans and GOP leaners to support \u201cno excuse\u201d absentee or early voting (83% vs. 44%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2020\/08\/13\/views-of-the-2020-campaign-and-voting-in-november\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">separate Center poll<\/a> conducted in late July and early August, 39% of registered voters said they would prefer to vote by mail for the November election, while 40% said they\u2019d prefer to vote in person on Election Day. (Another 18% of registered voters said they\u2019d prefer to vote early in person.) Around six-in-ten supporters of Joe Biden (58%) said they prefer to vote by mail, compared with just 17% of Trump supporters.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There\u2019s some evidence to support survey findings that Democrats are more likely to vote by mail than Republicans, though it\u2019s limited because not all states register voters by party or make party vote breakdowns readily available. In 19 of the 24 primaries (in 18 states and D.C.) where Pew Research Center found partisan breakdowns, the mail-in share of the vote was higher on the Democratic side than on the Republican \u2013 often substantially so.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In New Hampshire\u2019s state primary last month, for example, 42.4% of Democrats cast their votes by mail, versus 16% of Republicans. In Rhode Island\u2019s primaries for U.S. House seats, also last month, 47.4% of Democratic ballots \u2013 but only 13.2% of Republican votes \u2013 were cast by mail, a difference of 34.2 percentage points.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mail-in ballots accounted for just over half of this year\u2019s primary votes cast in the 37 states (plus D.C.) for which data is available.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":584,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2020-10-13T17:07:12Z","apple_news_api_id":"4ff93384-dc81-489f-9123-8700cd6eb5e1","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-01-04T17:48:10Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAg==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AT_kzhNyBSJ-RI4cAzW614Q","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[448,381,40,51,420],"bylines":[842],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[520],"class_list":["post-9759","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-coronavirus-disease-covid-19","category-covid-19-politics","category-election-2020","category-election-system-voting-process","category-u-s-democracy","bylines-drew-desilver","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-politics"],"label":"Short 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