{"id":9519,"date":"2020-10-21T15:00:27","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T20:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/"},"modified":"2024-04-13T23:44:26","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T04:44:26","slug":"key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Key facts about Black eligible voters in 2020 battleground states"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17070\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_20-10-21_blackvoterbattleground_feature-jpg-2\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"75716f\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #75716f;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"576\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?w=1024\" alt=\"Voters cast their early ballots at the Coral Gables Branch Library precinct on Oct. 19, 2020, in Coral Gables, Florida. (Joe Raedle\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-17070 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=720,405 720w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=200,113 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=260,146 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=310,174 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=740,416 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=540,304 540w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=564,317 564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=1128,634 1128w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=690,388 690w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=268,151 268w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=536,302 536w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=194,110 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=148,84 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/FT_20.10.21_BlackVoterBattleground_feature-jpg.webp?resize=296,168 296w\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Voters cast their early ballots at the Coral Gables Branch Library precinct on Oct. 19, 2020, in Coral Gables, Florida. (Joe Raedle\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The number of Black Americans eligible to vote for president has reached a record 30 million in 2020, with more than one-third living in nine of the nation\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2020\/10\/09\/election-and-voter-attitudes-appendix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">most competitive states<\/a> \u2013 Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin \u2013 a higher share than the 29% of <em>all<\/em> U.S. eligible voters who live in these states. Nationwide, Black eligible voters now make up 12.5% of the U.S. electorate, up from 11.5% in 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-310-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17035\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_01a-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ececeb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ececeb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"640\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?w=310\" alt=\"Black Americans have a strong preference for the Democratic Party and have among the highest turnout rates in past presidential elections\" class=\"wp-image-17035 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png 620w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=145,300 145w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=496,1024 496w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=196,405 196w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=200,413 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=260,537 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=310,640 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=420,867 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_01a.png?resize=155,320 155w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many years, Black voters were the largest non-White racial or ethnic segment of the country\u2019s electorate, but for the first time in a presidential election they will be outnumbered by <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/01\/31\/where-latinos-have-the-most-eligible-voters-in-the-2020-election\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hispanic eligible voters<\/a>, at 32 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this year\u2019s upcoming presidential election, a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2020\/10\/09\/voter-engagement-and-interest-voting-by-mail-and-in-person\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pew Research Center survey<\/a> found that 63% of Black registered voters are extremely motivated to vote. Furthermore, among those who support Joe Biden, over a third (35%) said that they plan on casting or have already cast their vote by absentee or mail-in ballot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Democratic Party has maintained a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2020\/09\/23\/the-changing-racial-and-ethnic-composition-of-the-u-s-electorate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">strong advantage among Black voters<\/a>, according to over two decades of Center polling. Black voters have also recorded comparatively high turnout rates relative to other major racial and ethnic groups in recent elections \u2013 their levels closely matching White voter turnout rates in 2008 and 2012.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/02\/27\/5-facts-about-black-democrats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Black eligible voters<\/a> are by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/22\/us\/politics\/black-voters-south-carolina-democrats-primary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">no means monolithic<\/a> in their <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/01\/17\/liberals-make-up-largest-share-of-democratic-voters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">views or demographics<\/a>. In the six states with competitive races for president, Black eligible voters have varied levels of educational attainment, income and immigrant populations. Here are key facts about Black eligible voters living in this year\u2019s battleground states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"is-style-alternate wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible js-react-collapsible is-style-alternate\" data-title=\"How we did this\" data-style=\"is-style-alternate\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this report, we analyzed the detailed demographics of Black Americans who are eligible to vote in the 2020 presidential election. The term \u201celigible voters\u201d refer to persons ages 18 and older who are U.S. citizens. The analysis is primarily based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau\u2019s 2018 American Community Survey (the most recent year available) provided through Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) from the University of Minnesota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2020\/10\/09\/election-and-voter-attitudes-appendix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Visit this page<\/a> to read about how Pew Research Center determined its categorization of battleground states for the 2020 presidential elections.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17012\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0efec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0efec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"715\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?w=420\" alt=\"More than one-in-three Black eligible voters live in 2020 battleground states, and among these states, Georgia has the highest share of Black voters within its electorate\" class=\"wp-image-17012 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=176,300 176w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=768,1307 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=602,1024 602w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=238,405 238w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=200,340 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=260,443 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=310,528 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=420,715 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=640,1090 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=740,1260 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=160,272 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_02.png?resize=320,545 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Black eligible voters make up varying shares of the electorate in the battleground states.<\/strong> In Georgia, the state\u2019s 2.4 million Black eligible voters make up 32% of the electorate, the highest share among these nine states. Meanwhile, in Arizona \u2013 a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/05\/05\/850964080\/arizona-becomes-a-battleground-state-before-2020-elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">new battleground state<\/a> that every Republican presidential candidate has won since 1952 (except in 1996) \u2013 Black Americans account for less than 5% of the electorate. The share is even lower in Iowa, where Black eligible voters account for just 3% of the state\u2019s overall electorate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 2000 to 2018, the share of Black eligible voters increased by <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2020\/09\/23\/the-changing-racial-and-ethnic-composition-of-the-u-s-electorate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5 percentage points<\/a> in Georgia, the largest percentage point increase out of any battleground state. In Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, the population\u2019s share rose by 1 to 2 points. And in Michigan, the population\u2019s share of the electorate was unchanged during this time. (2018 is the most recent year for which state level data is available.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trump won all nine states in 2016, though he did so by a razor-thin margin in three of them. He carried <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/elections\/2016\/results\/president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin<\/a> \u2013 states where together nearly 14 million people cast a ballot \u2013 by less than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/12\/01\/donald-trump-will-be-president-thanks-to-80000-people-in-three-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">78,000 votes <em>combined<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Across most battleground states, a majority of Black eligible voters live in the top three largest metropolitan areas in the state. <\/strong>In Georgia, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin, a large majority of Black eligible voters live in each state\u2019s largest metro area. In Ohio, Florida, North Carolina and Iowa, Black eligible voters are more evenly distributed across several metro areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17026\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_07-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebe8de\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebe8de;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"412\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?w=640\" alt=\"In most 2020 battleground states, majorities of Black eligible voters reside in top three largest metro areas\" class=\"wp-image-17026 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=300,193 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=768,494 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=1024,659 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=629,405 629w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=200,129 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=260,167 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=310,200 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=420,270 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=640,412 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=740,476 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=160,103 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_07.png?resize=320,206 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Four-in-ten Black eligible voters are Millennials or GenZers.<\/strong> In all nine battleground states, Millennials (those ages 24 to 39 in 2020) make up a slight plurality \u2013 29% to 40% \u2013 of all Black eligible voters. Gen Z eligible voters, the oldest of whom <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/01\/17\/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">turn 23 this year<\/a>, make up 15% or less of each state\u2019s Black electorate. Gen Xers and Baby Boomers each make up around one-fifth to one-quarter of the states\u2019 Black voting public, and those who are members of the Silent and Greatest generations comprise less than a tenth of Black eligible voters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compared with Black eligible voters, the nation\u2019s overall electorate is comprised of slightly higher shares of those who belong to the Baby Boomer, Silent and Greatest generations and marginally lower shares of Gen Xers, Millennials and GenZers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This slight generational difference is reflected in the median age of each respective group. The median age of the Black electorate is 44 in 2018, while the nation\u2019s overall is 48.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17031\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_03a-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"edecea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #edecea;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"417\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?w=420\" alt=\"Among Black eligible voters in 2020 battleground states, those in Arizona have the highest shares with some college experience\" class=\"wp-image-17031 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=300,298 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=768,763 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=408,405 408w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=200,199 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=260,258 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=310,308 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=420,417 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=640,635 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=740,735 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=75,75 75w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=140,140 140w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=160,159 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_03a.png?resize=320,318 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About half of Black eligible voters in the nine battleground states attended at least some college, with Arizona (63%) having the highest share. <\/strong>Just over half of Black eligible voters in the battleground states of Georgia (55%), North Carolina (55%), Michigan (53%), Ohio (52%) and Florida (52%) attended college, while the shares are slightly lower among those in Pennsylvania (50%), Wisconsin (50%) and Iowa (47%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nationwide, more than half of Black Americans (54%) who are eligible to vote have at least some college education (this includes those with associate degrees), compared with 62% of U.S. eligible voters overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The median incomes of Black households differ significantly among battleground states.<\/strong> Those residing in Arizona have the highest income levels within the six battleground states, at $50,000, followed by those in Georgia at $45,000 and Florida at $41,000. In North Carolina and Pennsylvania, Black eligible voters had median household incomes of $37,700 and $37,000, respectively. Those in Iowa ($28,800) and Wisconsin ($30,000) recorded the lowest household income levels among the nine states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17021\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_04-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eae9e8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eae9e8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"302\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?w=420\" alt=\"Household incomes of Black eligible voters vary across 2020 battleground states\" class=\"wp-image-17021 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=300,216 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=768,552 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=563,405 563w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=200,144 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=260,187 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=310,223 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=420,302 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=640,460 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=740,532 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=160,115 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_04.png?resize=320,230 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, the median household income of the nation\u2019s Black electorate is about two-thirds that of that country\u2019s entire eligible voter population \u2013 $40,300 compared with $62,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While median incomes can vary widely among states, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2018\/07\/12\/income-inequality-in-the-u-s-is-rising-most-rapidly-among-asians\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">income inequality also exists<\/a> among Black Americans overall. Black Americans near the top of their income distribution (the 90th percentile) had incomes 9.8 times greater than the incomes of Black Americans near the bottom of their income distribution (the 10th percentile), a gap that is exceeded only by Asian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Poverty and health insurance coverage among Black eligible voters vary in swing states.<\/strong> Florida, Georgia and Iowa had the highest share of Black eligible voters without health insurance (18%), while Michigan had the lowest share (8%). In six battleground states, the uninsured rate exceeded the national Black eligible voter average (13%). Meanwhile, the Black electorate in all nine states had uninsured rates that equaled or exceeded that of the U.S. electorate overall (8%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-310-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17019\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_05-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeeded\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeeded;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"648\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?w=310\" alt=\"Uninsured and poverty rates among Black eligible voters vary across 2020 battleground states\" class=\"wp-image-17019 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png 620w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=144,300 144w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=490,1024 490w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=194,405 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=200,418 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=260,543 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=310,648 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=420,878 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=153,320 153w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_05.png?resize=306,640 306w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In terms of poverty rates, Black eligible voters in Iowa reported the highest shares of those living in poverty among battleground states at 33%. This is followed by Wisconsin (26%), Michigan (24%), Ohio (23%) and Pennsylvania (22%). All of these exceed the shares of those living in poverty among all Black eligible voters (19%) and U.S. eligible voters overall (11%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The uninsured and poverty rates of Black eligible voters reflect national racial and ethnic disparities that have been exacerbated by the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topics\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">coronavirus outbreak<\/a>. In nearly every state, Black Americans have accounted for a disproportionately higher share of <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/04\/black-americans-face-higher-covid-19-risks-are-more-hesitant-to-trust-medical-scientists-get-vaccinated\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">COVID-19 deaths<\/a>, and also have experienced widespread economic hardships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Pew Research Center <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2020\/09\/24\/economic-fallout-from-covid-19-continues-to-hit-lower-income-americans-the-hardest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">survey in September<\/a> found that since the U.S. coronavirus outbreak started in February, 43% of Black Americans said they had trouble paying their bills, while 33% said they have gotten food from a food bank \u2013 higher shares than the 25% and 16% of the general public who said the same, respectively. Another <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2020\/09\/17\/u-s-public-now-divided-over-whether-to-get-covid-19-vaccine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">survey conducted in the same month<\/a> found that Black adults are more hesitant to trust medical scientists and to get vaccinated for COVID-19 if a vaccine was available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Naturalized immigrants account for nearly one-in-five Black eligible voters in Florida, by far the highest share among battleground states.<\/strong> By contrast, immigrants make up less than 5% of the Black electorate in Ohio, Wisconsin, North Carolina and Michigan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-17040\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/10\/21\/key-facts-about-black-eligible-voters-in-2020-battleground-states\/ft_2020-10-21_blackvoters_06a-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6e5e5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6e5e5;\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png\" alt=\"Nearly two-in-ten Black eligible voters in Florida are immigrants, and a majority hail from Caribbean\" class=\"wp-image-17040 not-transparent\" width=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png 624w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=154,300 154w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=525,1024 525w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=208,405 208w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=200,390 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=260,507 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=310,604 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=420,818 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=160,312 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/10\/ft_2020.10.21_blackvoters_06a.png?resize=320,624 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immigrants have been an important driver in the growth of the country\u2019s Black eligible voter population. Between 2000 and 2018, the number of immigrants in the Black electorate almost tripled from 800,000 to 2.3 million, and their shares doubled from 4% in 2000 to 8% in 2018, according to Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The top two regions of origin for this electorate are the Caribbean and Africa, with these regions accounting for 50% and 41% of Black immigrant eligible voters, respectively. This reflects trends among the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2018\/01\/24\/key-facts-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">overall Black American foreign-born population<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The top regions of origin can differ greatly between battleground states. In Florida, the vast majority (92%) of its Black immigrant voting public hails from Caribbean nations such as Haiti and Jamaica. In Ohio, by contrast, 84% of its immigrant Black electorate was born in African countries such as Ethiopia and Somalia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>More than one-third of Black eligible voters in the U.S. live in nine of the nation\u2019s most competitive 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