{"id":8658,"date":"2021-12-07T15:13:05","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T20:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/african-immigrants-in-u-s-more-religious-than-other-black-americans-and-more-likely-to-be-catholic\/"},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:56:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:56:17","slug":"african-immigrants-in-u-s-more-religious-than-other-black-americans-and-more-likely-to-be-catholic","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/07\/african-immigrants-in-u-s-more-religious-than-other-black-americans-and-more-likely-to-be-catholic\/","title":{"rendered":"African immigrants in U.S. more religious than other Black Americans, and more likely to be Catholic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.08_blackReligionImmigration_featured.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"A parishioner who immigrated from the Democratic Republic of the Congo sings during Sunday service in Portland, Maine, in 2017.\" class=\"wp-image-403694\" \/><figcaption>A parishioner who immigrated from the Democratic Republic of the Congo sings during Sunday service in Portland, Maine, in 2017. (Carl D. Walsh\/Portland Portland Press Herald\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many ways, Black people in the United States <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/02\/16\/faith-among-black-americans\/#black-americans-more-religious-than-the-u-s-public-overall\">are more religious<\/a>\u00a0than Americans of other races. This is especially true for immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, who tend to be more religious than U.S.-born Black adults or immigrants from the Caribbean, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/02\/16\/faith-among-black-americans\/\">Pew Research Center survey<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-13875\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/07\/african-immigrants-in-u-s-more-religious-than-other-black-americans-and-more-likely-to-be-catholic\/ft_2021-12-07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dbe6ec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dbe6ec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"487\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that African immigrants are more likely than other Black Americans to attend religious service weekly\" class=\"wp-image-13875 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=300,228 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=768,584 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=1024,778 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=533,405 533w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=200,152 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=260,198 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=310,236 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=420,319 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=640,487 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=740,563 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=160,122 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_01a.png?resize=320,243 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, around half of African immigrants in the U.S. (54%) say they attend religious services at least weekly, compared with about three-in-ten U.S.-born (32%) and Caribbean-born (30%) Black adults. And about seven-in-ten African immigrants (72%) say religion is very important to them, compared with 59% of U.S.- and Caribbean-born Black adults who say this.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"is-style-alternate wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This post examining the religious affiliations, practices and beliefs of Black immigrants in the United States draws from Pew Research Center\u2019s landmark study, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/02\/16\/faith-among-black-americans\/\">Faith Among Black Americans<\/a>,\u201d published in February 2021. That study was based on a nationally representative survey of 8,660 Black adults (ages 18 and older) who identify as Black or African American, including some who identify as both Black and Hispanic or Black and another race (such as Black and White, or Black and Asian).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Survey respondents were recruited from four nationally representative sources: the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (conducted online), NORC\u2019s AmeriSpeak panel (conducted online or by phone), Ipsos\u2019 KnowledgePanel (conducted online) and a national cross-sectional survey by Pew Research Center (conducted online and by mail). Responses were collected from Nov. 19, 2019, to June 3, 2020, but most respondents completed the survey between Jan. 21 and Feb. 10, 2020.<br><br>Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/02\/PF_02.16.21_Black.religion.questionnaire.pdf\">questions<\/a> used for the \u201cFaith Among Black Americans\u201d report, along with responses, and its <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/02\/16\/appendix-a-survey-methodology-3\/\">methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Statistics in the post about the number of Black immigrants in the U.S. come from a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2021\/03\/25\/the-growing-diversity-of-black-america\/#:~:text=almost%20two%20decades.-,The%20Black%20immigrant%20population%20has%20grown%20in%20number%20and%20share,-Immigrants%20are%20a\">Pew Research Center analysis<\/a> of U.S. Census Bureau data.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa are much less likely than other U.S. Black adults to be religiously unaffiliated (that is, to identify as atheist, agnostic or \u201cnothing in particular\u201d). Just 6% of African immigrants identify in one of these ways, compared with 22% of U.S.-born Black adults and 23% of Black immigrants from the Caribbean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The religious profiles of immigrant groups differ in other ways, too. Both African and Caribbean immigrants are somewhat less likely to be Protestant, and more likely to be Catholic, than U.S.-born Black adults. And African immigrants are more likely than other Black Americans to identify with other Christian faiths such as Orthodox Christianity, or with non-Christian faiths such as Islam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-13879\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/07\/african-immigrants-in-u-s-more-religious-than-other-black-americans-and-more-likely-to-be-catholic\/ft_2021-12-07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eee2e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eee2e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"307\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?w=640\" alt=\"A chart showing that Catholicism is more prevalent among African-born, Caribbean-born than among U.S.-born Black adults\" class=\"wp-image-13879 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=300,144 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=768,368 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=1024,491 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=844,405 844w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=200,96 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=260,125 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=310,149 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=420,201 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=640,307 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=740,355 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=160,77 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_02a.png?resize=320,154 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the vast majority of the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2021\/03\/25\/the-growing-diversity-of-black-america\/\">47 million<\/a> Black Americans were born in the U.S., the Black immigrant population has roughly doubled over the last two decades to 4.6 million in 2019, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data. In 2019, roughly one-in-ten Black Americans were born outside of the U.S., including 4% who were born in sub-Saharan Africa and 5% who were born in the Caribbean. More Black Americans come from Jamaica, Haiti, Nigeria and Ethiopia than from any other African or Caribbean countries, according to Pew Research Center tabulations of the Census Bureau\u2019s 2019 American Community Survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some Black Christian immigrants go to churches associated with historically Black Protestant denominations based in the U.S., such as the Progressive National Baptist Convention, while <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaar\/article-abstract\/87\/2\/333\/5437664?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">others go to congregations<\/a> of Haitian Baptists, Pentecostals and Catholics, or those associated with African denominations such as the Presbyterian Church of Ghana and the Nigeria-based Church of the Lord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">African immigrants also distinguish themselves in the survey through their beliefs about scripture and conversion. Immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa are more likely to say they believe in God as described in their religion\u2019s holy scripture \u2013 such as the Bible for Christians or the Quran for Muslims \u2013 than are U.S.-born Black adults. About eight-in-ten African immigrants (84%) say they believe this, compared with around three-quarters in the other groups. And roughly seven-in-ten African immigrants (68%) say people of faith have a duty to convert nonbelievers, compared with approximately half of U.S.-born and Caribbean-born adults who feel this way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">African immigrants also stand out on certain social and cultural issues. Fewer than half of African-born Americans (38%) say homosexuality should be accepted by society, compared with 63% of U.S.-born Black adults. Caribbean-born immigrants fall between the other two groups, with roughly half (52%) saying that homosexuality should be accepted by society. (In general, opposition to homosexuality is <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/02\/16\/a-brief-overview-of-black-religious-history-in-the-u-s\/#fn-34217-52\">far more common<\/a> in sub-Saharan Africa than it is in the U.S.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-13881\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/07\/african-immigrants-in-u-s-more-religious-than-other-black-americans-and-more-likely-to-be-catholic\/ft_2021-12-07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d0dee6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d0dee6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"455\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that African immigrants are more likely than other Black Americans to say fathers should be mostly responsible for family finances\" class=\"wp-image-13881 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=300,213 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=768,546 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=1024,728 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=570,405 570w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=200,142 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=260,185 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=310,220 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=420,299 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=640,455 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=740,526 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=160,114 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.07_blackimmigrantsreligion_03b.png?resize=320,228 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And African immigrants tend to be more supportive of traditional gender norms, in some ways, than U.S.-born Black adults. For example, those born in sub-Saharan Africa differ from other Black Americans on questions about how men and women should share duties in households that have both a mother and father. African immigrants are more likely than other Black adults to say the father should be mostly responsible for providing for the family financially, and that the mother should be mostly responsible for taking care of the children<em>. <\/em>However, the most common view in all groups is that both parents should divide these responsibilities equally.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa tend to be more religious than U.S.-born Black adults or immigrants from the 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