{"id":8590,"date":"2021-12-15T12:00:31","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T17:00:31","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:56:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:56:16","slug":"racial-and-ethnic-differences-stand-out-in-the-u-s-gig-workforce","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/15\/racial-and-ethnic-differences-stand-out-in-the-u-s-gig-workforce\/","title":{"rendered":"Racial and ethnic differences stand out in the U.S. gig workforce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From delivering groceries to driving others where they need to go, some Americans are turning to gig jobs to earn money. In fact, 16% of U.S. adults <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2021\/12\/08\/the-state-of-gig-work-in-2021\/pi_2021-12-08_gig-work_0-03\/\">have ever earned money<\/a> through an online gig platform, including 9% who have done so in the past year, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2021\/12\/08\/the-state-of-gig-work-in-2021\/\">Pew Research Center survey<\/a> conducted in August 2021. But there are racial and ethnic differences when it comes to who takes on these jobs and the negative experiences some gig platform workers say they face.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"is-style-alternate wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand Americans\u2019 experiences and attitudes related to earning money from online gig platforms. For this analysis of the differences among gig workers by race and ethnicity, we surveyed 10,348 U.S. adults from Aug. 23 to 29, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everyone who took part in the survey is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2021\/11\/PI_2021.12.08_Gig-Work_TOPLINE.pdf\">the questions used<\/a>\u00a0for this analysis, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Gig-workers-and-race-methods.pdf\">its\u00a0methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-note-about-who-is-considered-a-gig-platform-worker-in-this-analysis\">A note about who is considered a \u2018gig platform worker\u2019 in this analysis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center measured Americans\u2019 experience with gig platform jobs by asking if they had ever earned money by using certain types of mobile apps or websites to do any of the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Driving for a ride-hailing app (such as Uber or Lyft)<\/li><li>Shopping for or delivering groceries or household items (such as Instacart or Peapod)<\/li><li>Performing household tasks like cleaning someone\u2019s home or assembling furniture, or running errands like picking up dry cleaning (such as TaskRabbit or Angi)<\/li><li>Making deliveries from a restaurant or store for a delivery app (such as DoorDash or UberEats)<\/li><li>Using a personal vehicle to deliver packages to others via a mobile app or website such as Amazon Flex<\/li><li>Doing something else along these lines<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In all, 16% of Americans have ever earned money in at least one of these ways and are considered \u201cgig platform workers\u201d in this analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-note-about-the-asian-american-sample\">A note about the Asian American sample<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This survey includes a total sample size of 361 Asian Americans. The sample includes English-speaking Asian adults only and, therefore, may not be representative of the overall Asian American population. Despite this limitation, it is important to report the views of Asian Americans on the topics in this study. As always, Asian Americans\u2019 responses are incorporated into the general population figures throughout this report. Asian Americans are shown as a separate group when the question was asked of the full sample. Because of the relatively small sample size and a reduction in precision due to weighting, results are not shown separately for Asian Americans for questions that were only asked of a random half of respondents (Form 1\/Form 2) or some filtered questions. We are also not able to analyze Asian American respondents by demographic categories, such as gender, age or educational attainment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-note-about-the-non-white-sample-for-gig-platform-workers\">A note about the non-White sample for gig platform workers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The NET non-White category for gig platform workers includes those who identify as Black, Asian, Hispanic, some other race or multiple races. It is the unit of analysis for findings among gig platform workers because the sample sizes for some of the non-White categories are too small to analyze individually. The combined category is used so that broad comparisons can be made to highlight differences between groups. When possible, the Center prefers to break out subgroups to show the differences that may exist between groups of people. The use of a NET non-White category is not intended to obscure the fact that the experiences and behaviors of Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Americans of other races and ethnicities may be quite different.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hispanic adults are more likely than other racial or ethnic groups to have done gig work: 30% of this group have ever earned money through an online gig platform, compared with 20% of Black adults, 19% of Asian adults and even smaller shares of White adults (12%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-12431\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/15\/racial-and-ethnic-differences-stand-out-in-the-u-s-gig-workforce\/ft_2021-12-15_gigworkerdiversity_01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeeff0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeeff0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_01.png?resize=480,452 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_01.png?resize=782,736 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_01.png?resize=960,903 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_01.png?resize=1200,1129 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_01.png?resize=1280,1204 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"602\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_01.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that overall and within age groups, Hispanic and Black Americans are more likely than White Americans to have ever earned money doing any online gig platform work\" class=\"wp-image-12431 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taking on gig jobs also varies substantially by age, with adults under age 50 about twice as likely as those ages 50 and older to have ever done this type of work (22% vs. 10%). And while younger generations tend to be more <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/01\/17\/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins\/\">racially and ethnically diverse<\/a> compared with older ones, age alone does not fully account for the racial and ethnic gaps present within this workforce. Even among adults under the age of 50, Hispanic (34%) or Black Americans (27%) are more likely than those who are White (16%) to have earned money via an online gig platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While racial and ethnic gaps are present in each type of gig job measured in this survey, there are some tasks where these differences are more pronounced. For example, 16% of Hispanic adults say they have ever made deliveries from a restaurant or store for a delivery app, compared with one-in-ten Black adults, 7% of Asian adults and 4% of White adults. Hispanic adults are also more likely to report they have ever performed household tasks or run errands through gig work platforms than are Black, White or Asian adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also differences when it comes to earning money through two or more types of gig jobs. Gig platform workers who do not identify as White are more likely than those who are White to have earned money via multiple types of gig jobs (48% vs. 30%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The findings on earning money via any gig platform work are mostly in line with the Center\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2016\/11\/17\/gig-work-online-selling-and-home-sharing\/\">2016 survey<\/a> that found Hispanic or Black adults were more likely than White adults to have earned money through an online gig platform in the past year. (Due to sample size limitations, figures for Asian Americans could not be reported separately in 2016.) While the current figures are not directly comparable to the earlier study due to changes in question wording, it is clear that earning money through gig jobs continues to be more common for those who are not White than for those who are. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rise of the gig economy has touched off wide-ranging debates about its impact on workers. While some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/sponsor-story\/ascend-agency\/2021\/09\/01\/why-more-people-choosing-gig-economy\/5650195001\/\">credit these platforms<\/a> with providing greater freedom and flexibility, others have raised concerns about perceived racial biases in customer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kqed.org\/news\/11878952\/black-and-brown-gig-workers-report-lower-ratings-but-companies-make-bias-hard-to-track\">rating systems<\/a> as well as the lack of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/88nqd4\/the-gig-economys-business-model-is-a-racial-justice-issue\">legal protections<\/a> available to a workforce that Hispanic, Black or Asian adults are particularly likely to participate in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-12441\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/15\/racial-and-ethnic-differences-stand-out-in-the-u-s-gig-workforce\/ft_2021-12-15_gigworkerdiversity_02a-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eaebeb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eaebeb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_02a.png?resize=480,619 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_02a.png?resize=782,1009 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_02a.png?resize=840,1084 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"542\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_02a.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that non-White gig workers are more likely than those who are White to say they have at least sometimes felt unsafe or been sexually harassed on the job\" class=\"wp-image-12441 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The current survey finds majorities of White (76%) and non-White (81%) gig platform workers say their experience with taking on these jobs has been positive. However, those who are not White are more likely to report troubling encounters, specifically feeling unsafe or experiencing unwanted sexual advances, while on the job. (The NET non-White category for gig platform workers includes those who identify as Black, Asian, Hispanic, some other race or multiple races.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed, 41% of non-White gig workers say they have at least sometimes felt unsafe while completing jobs, compared with 28% of those who are White. Non-White gig workers are also about twice as likely as their White counterparts to say they have <em>often<\/em> felt unsafe while working (15% vs. 8%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, gig workers who do not identify as White are more likely than those who do identify in this way to say they have often or sometimes experienced an unwanted sexual advance on the job (24% vs. 13%). (There are no statistically significant differences between White and non-White gig workers in reporting being treated rudely while completing jobs at least sometimes.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-12437\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/15\/racial-and-ethnic-differences-stand-out-in-the-u-s-gig-workforce\/ft_2021-12-15_gigworkerdiversity_03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6e7e6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6e7e6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_03.png?resize=480,534 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_03.png?resize=782,870 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_03.png?resize=840,934 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"467\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/ft_2021.12.15_gigworkerdiversity_03.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that 59% of non-White current or recent gig workers say they\u2019ve been at least somewhat concerned about getting COVID-19 while completing jobs in past year\" class=\"wp-image-12437 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some gig jobs may require contact with the public, thereby potentially increasing workers\u2019 risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/30\/business\/economy\/coronavirus-instacart-amazon.html\">exposure to COVID-19<\/a>. Some 51% of gig workers who have earned money through these platforms over the past year say they have been at least somewhat concerned about getting the coronavirus while on the job in that time frame, according to the August survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Health concerns related to the pandemic are especially prevalent among non-White gig workers. Among those who have worked gig platform jobs in the past year, 59% of those who are non-White say they have been at least somewhat concerned over the past 12 months about getting the coronavirus while working these jobs, compared with 38% of those who are White. These racial and ethnic differences in gig workers\u2019 on-the-job concerns <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/03\/09\/black-americans-stand-out-for-their-concern-about-covid-19-61-say-they-plan-to-get-vaccinated-or-already-have\/\">largely mirror concerns about COVID-19<\/a> across racial and ethnic groups more generally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2021\/11\/PI_2021.12.08_Gig-Work_TOPLINE.pdf\">the questions used<\/a>\u00a0for this analysis, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Gig-workers-and-race-methods.pdf\">its\u00a0methodology<\/a>. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are racial and ethnic differences in who takes on gig platform jobs and the negative experiences some of these workers say they face.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":584,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2021-12-15T22:40:26Z","apple_news_api_id":"4c1b62bc-447c-413c-b1a7-6db599273a99","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2021-12-15T22:40:27Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ATBtivER8QTyxp221mSc6mQ","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"apple_news_api_pending":"1713063373","relatedPosts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0},"categories":[150,149,448,248,151,141,217],"bylines":[940,647],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[526],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-8590","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-asian-americans","category-black-americans","category-coronavirus-disease-covid-19","category-gig-sharing-economies-2","category-hispanics-latinos","category-racial-bias-discrimination","category-sexual-misconduct-harassment","bylines-monica-anderson","bylines-risa-gelles-watnick","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-internet"],"label":"Short Read","post_parent":0,"word_count":1412,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/12\/15\/racial-and-ethnic-differences-stand-out-in-the-u-s-gig-workforce\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":12461,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_topic_new.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_topic_new.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":12450,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":true},"A3":{"id":12450,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_crop.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":true},"A4":{"id":12450,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":true},"XL":{"id":12461,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_topic_new.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_topic_new.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":12456,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_feature_new.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/12\/FT_21.12.13_GigWorkRace_feature_new.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[],"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"In the U.S. gig workforce, racial and ethnic differences stand out","description":"There are racial and ethnic differences in who takes on gig platform jobs and the negative experiences some of these workers say they face.","og_title":"Racial and ethnic differences stand out in the U.S. gig workforce","og_description":"There are racial and ethnic differences in who takes on gig platform jobs and the negative experiences some of these workers say they face.","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":{"research-teams":10818962},"custom_schema":[],"twitter_title":"Racial and ethnic differences stand out in the U.S. gig workforce","twitter_description":"There are racial and ethnic differences in who takes on gig platform jobs and the negative experiences some of these workers say they face.","og_image":12456,"twitter_image":404090,"indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"prepublish_checks":{},"apple_news_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[],"bylinesOrdered":[{"key":"_j9k3yxykp","termId":647},{"key":"_pwk0lf22w","termId":940}],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/short-read\/8590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/short-read"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/short-read"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/584"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8590"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/short-read\/8590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27750,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/short-read\/8590\/revisions\/27750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"workflow-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/workflow-status?post=8590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}