{"id":8499,"date":"2022-04-26T11:00:08","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T16:00:08","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:59","slug":"u-s-public-continues-to-view-grades-test-scores-as-top-factors-in-college-admissions","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/04\/26\/u-s-public-continues-to-view-grades-test-scores-as-top-factors-in-college-admissions\/","title":{"rendered":"As courts weigh affirmative action, grades and test scores seen as top factors in college admissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the college admissions process under increasing scrutiny \u2013 by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/college-admissions-test-sat-act-rcna23574\">colleges themselves<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/college-admissions-us-supreme-court-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-harvard-university-95be5363a3245fbf185babe8423426a4\">U.S. Supreme Court<\/a> \u2013 more Americans say high school grades and standardized test scores should matter in the admissions process than say the same about other factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11782\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/04\/26\/u-s-public-continues-to-view-grades-test-scores-as-top-factors-in-college-admissions\/ft_2022-04-26_collegeadmissions_01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8dfc7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8dfc7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"503\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Americans see grades and standardized test scores as top factors to be considered in college admissions \" class=\"wp-image-11782 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=250,300 250w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=768,920 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=338,405 338w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=200,240 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=260,311 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=310,371 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=420,503 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=640,766 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=740,886 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=160,192 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_01.png?resize=320,383 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More than nine-in-ten Americans (93%) say high school grades should be at least a minor factor in admissions decisions, including 61% who say they should be a major factor. Grades are, by far, the criteria the public says should most factor into admissions decisions. This is followed by standardized test scores (39% major factor, 46% minor factor) and community service involvement (19% major, 48% minor), according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted March 7-13, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nearly half of Americans (46%) say someone being the first in their family to go to college should be either a major (18%) or minor (28%) factor in admissions decisions, while a similar share say athletic ability should factor into these decisions (9% major, 36% minor).<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this study to better understand Americans\u2019 views on how the public thinks about criteria considered for U.S. college admissions decisions. For this analysis, we surveyed 10,441 U.S. adults in March 2022. Everyone who took part is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">Read more about the ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/College-admissions-topline.pdf\">the questions used<\/a> for the report, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2022\/03\/15\/russia-ukraine-methodology\/\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By comparison, nearly three-quarters of Americans or more say gender, race or ethnicity, or whether a relative attended the school should <em>not <\/em>factor into admissions decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The relative importance of each of these factors is <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/25\/most-americans-say-colleges-should-not-consider-race-or-ethnicity-in-admissions\/\">unchanged since 2019<\/a>. However, there have been declines in the shares of U.S. adults who say grades and standardized tests should be major factors. Around six-in-ten adults (61%) now say high school grades should be a major factor, down from 67% in 2019. And 39% of adults currently say standardized test scores should be a major factor, down from 47% three years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11786\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/04\/26\/u-s-public-continues-to-view-grades-test-scores-as-top-factors-in-college-admissions\/ft_2022-04-26_collegeadmissions_02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8e3d1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8e3d1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"647\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that compared with 2019, fewer Americans now see high school grades and test scores as major factors that should be considered in college admissions decisions\" class=\"wp-image-11786 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=297,300 297w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=768,776 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=1013,1024 1013w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=401,405 401w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=200,202 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=260,263 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=310,313 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=420,425 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=640,647 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=740,748 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=75,75 75w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=160,162 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_02.png?resize=320,324 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over this same time period, there has been an increase in the share of adults who say that whether someone\u2019s relative attended a particular school \u2013 sometimes referred to as \u201clegacy admissions\u201d \u2013 should <em>not<\/em> be a factor in admissions decisions. Today, 75% say this, up from 68% in 2019. There has been little change in the public\u2019s views of the other factors asked about in the survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large majorities across racial and ethnic groups and partisan lines continue to say high school grades should be a factor in college admissions decisions, but there have been some shifts since 2019 in the shares saying it should be a <em>major<\/em> factor. Asian American (65%) and White adults (63%) are now somewhat more likely than Black (54%) and Hispanic (53%) adults to say high school grades should be a major factor. Three years ago, Asian American adults (77%) were more likely than White (68%), Hispanic (66%) and Black (63%) adults to say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, the share of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents who say high school grades should be a major factor has decreased from 68% in 2019 to 60% today. There has been less change among Republicans and GOP leaners, from 68% in 2019 to 65% today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In both parties, fewer now say standardized test scores should be a major factor in college admissions decisions than said the same three years ago. But this shift is starker among Democrats (34% now, down from 44%) than Republicans (47% now, down from 51%). And while there have been declines across racial and ethnic groups in the shares who say standardized test scores should be a major factor in college admissions, this decline is particularly pronounced among Asian Americans. (Three-in-ten Asian Americans live in California, a higher share than among other racial and ethnic groups. Public universities in that state have <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/college-admissions-education-california-university-of-california-california-state-university-6505f492ae5f00dbe05e2f9993e3517e\">dropped standardized testing requirements<\/a> in recent years.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"race-and-ethnicity-first-generation-status-legacy-admissions\">Race and ethnicity, first generation status, legacy admissions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although majorities of Americans across racial and ethnic and partisan groups say race or ethnicity should <em>not<\/em> be factored into college acceptance decisions, there are variations in how widely this view is held.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About eight-in-ten White adults (79%) say race or ethnicity should not factor into admission decisions. By comparison, 68% of Hispanic adults say this, as do about six-in-ten Asian American (63%) and Black (59%) adults. And while 87% of Republicans say race or ethnicity should not be a factor in admissions, that share falls to 62% among Democrats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While three-quarters of Americans say having a relative who attended the school should <em>not <\/em>factor into decisions, White adults (80%) are more likely than Hispanic (67%), Black (62%) and Asian American (59%) adults to say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/04\/26\/u-s-public-continues-to-view-grades-test-scores-as-top-factors-in-college-admissions\/ft_2022-04-26_collegeadmissions_03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebe6d7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebe6d7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"419\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Black, Hispanic and Asian American adults are more likely than White adults to say race or ethnicity, legacy, or first-generation status should be factors in college admissions\" class=\"wp-image-11791 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=300,196 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=768,503 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=1024,670 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=619,405 619w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=200,131 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=260,170 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=310,203 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=420,275 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=640,419 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=740,484 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=160,105 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/04\/ft_2022.04.26_collegeadmissions_03.png?resize=320,210 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The public is divided about whether being the first in the family to go to college should be a factor in college admissions decisions (46%) or not (54%). About six-in-ten Democrats (58%) say first-generation status should be a consideration in admissions; about a third of Republicans (32%) take this position. Asian American, Black and Hispanic adults are more likely than White adults to say first-generation status should be a factor in admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/College-admissions-topline.pdf\">the questions used<\/a> for the report, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2022\/03\/15\/russia-ukraine-methodology\/\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-beige-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related-posts\">Related posts<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/04\/12\/10-facts-about-todays-college-graduates\/\">10 facts about today\u2019s college graduates<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/04\/09\/a-majority-of-u-s-colleges-admit-most-students-who-apply\/\">A majority of U.S. colleges admit most students who apply<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>More than nine-in-ten Americans (93%) say high school grades should be at least a minor factor in admissions decisions. 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