{"id":8245,"date":"2022-11-28T12:59:38","date_gmt":"2022-11-28T17:59:38","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:26","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:26","slug":"black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/28\/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery\/","title":{"rendered":"Black and White Americans are far apart in their views of reparations for slavery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Discussions about atonement for the enslavement of Black Americans have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2014\/06\/the-case-for-reparations\/361631\/\">long history in the United States<\/a>, and efforts toward reparations for slavery and racial discrimination have moved forward in some places in recent years. In 2021,&nbsp;Evanston, Illinois, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/nbcblk\/evanston-s-reparations-plan-noble-start-complicated-process-experts-say-n1262096\">became the first U.S. city<\/a> to create a reparations plan for its Black residents, and California that year set up the nation\u2019s first state-level <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2022\/7\/3\/23173075\/california-reparations-task-force\">reparations task force<\/a>. Earlier this year,&nbsp;Harvard University&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/harvard-sets-up-100-million-endowment-fund-slavery-reparations-2022-04-26\/\">created a $100 million \u201cLegacy of Slavery\u201d fund<\/a> to allow scholars and students to examine the university\u2019s connections to slavery.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans view the prospect of reparations mostly negatively, a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/30\/black-americans-views-on-reparations-for-slavery\/\">2021 Pew Research Center survey<\/a> found. Three-in-ten U.S. adults say descendants of people enslaved in the U.S. should be repaid in some way, such as given land or money. About seven-in-ten (68%) say these descendants should not be repaid.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis examines differences in Americans\u2019 views about reparations for slavery in the country. It is part of a larger project that aims to understand Americans\u2019 views of racial inequity and social change in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this analysis, we surveyed 3,912 Black U.S. adults from Oct. 4-17, 2021. Black U.S. adults include those who are single-race, non-Hispanic Black Americans; multiracial, non-Hispanic Black Americans; and adults who indicate they are Black and Hispanic. The survey includes 1,025 Black adults on Pew Research Center\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">American Trends Panel (ATP)<\/a>&nbsp;and 2,887 Black adults on Ipsos\u2019 KnowledgePanel. Respondents on both panels are recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. We surveyed 6,513 U.S. adults on the ATP for the general population portion of the survey. White and Asian respondents include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic. Hispanics are of any race.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recruiting panelists by phone or mail ensures that nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. This gives us confidence that any sample can represent the whole population (see our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2017\/05\/12\/methods-101-random-sampling\/\">Methods 101 explainer<\/a>&nbsp;on random sampling).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/08\/RE_2022.08.30_Black-Voices-Politics_TOPLINE.pdf\">the&nbsp;questions&nbsp;used<\/a> for the survey, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/30\/black-voices-politics-methodology\/\">its&nbsp;methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10393\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/28\/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery\/ft_22-11-09_reparations_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"edeee9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #edeee9;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"758\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that 77% of Black Americans \u2013 compared with 18% of White Americans \u2013 support reparations for descendants of enslaved people\" class=\"wp-image-10393 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=166,300 166w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=768,1386 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=567,1024 567w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=224,405 224w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=200,361 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=260,469 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=310,559 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=420,758 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=640,1155 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=740,1336 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=160,289 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_1.png?resize=320,578 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views of reparations for slavery vary widely by race and ethnicity, especially between Black and White Americans. Around three-quarters of Black adults (77%) say the descendants of people enslaved in the U.S. should be repaid in some way, while 18% of White Americans say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also notable differences by partisan affiliation. Among Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents, views are split: 48% say descendants of enslaved people should be repaid in some way, while 49% say they shouldn\u2019t be repaid. By comparison, only 8% of Republicans and GOP leaners say these descendants should be repaid in some way, and 91% say they should not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to age, younger adults are more likely than older ones to say the descendants of enslaved people should be repaid: 45% of adults under 30 take this view, compared with 18% of adults 65 and older.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10397\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/28\/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery\/ft_22-11-09_reparations_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9ece8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9ece8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"755\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Black Americans most likely to say legacy of slavery affects Black people in the U.S. at least a fair amount\" class=\"wp-image-10397 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=167,300 167w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=768,1381 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=570,1024 570w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=225,405 225w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=200,360 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=260,467 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=310,557 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=420,755 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=640,1150 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=740,1330 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=160,288 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_2.png?resize=320,575 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Americans are asked about the legacy of slavery\u2019s effect on Black people today, 58% of the overall public says this affects the position of Black people in American society at least a fair amount, with 28% saying it affects them a great deal. Four-in-ten U.S. adults say the legacy of slavery has not much or not at all affected the position of Black Americans in the country today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As with views of reparations, racial and ethnic differences on this question are notable. Black Americans (85%) are more likely than Hispanic (64%) and White (50%) Americans to say the legacy of slavery affects the position of Black people in the U.S. a fair amount or a great deal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The partisan gap on this question is also wide. More than eight-in-ten Democrats (82%) say the legacy of slavery affects Black people in the U.S. a fair amount or a great deal, more than 50 percentage points greater than the share of Republicans who say this (29%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Black Americans are much more likely to <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2020\/06\/02\/democratic-edge-in-party-identification-narrows-slightly\/#wide-divides-in-partisanship-persist-by-race-and-ethnicity\">identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party<\/a>; only about one-in-ten Black voters <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/07\/10-facts-about-black-republicans\/\">identify with or lean toward the Republican Party<\/a>. As of 2020, White voters are slightly more evenly split, but the GOP has an advantage (53% to 42%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"some-racial-ethnic-and-partisan-differences-over-who-bears-responsibility-for-reparations-what-form-they-should-take\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Some racial, ethnic and partisan differences over who bears responsibility for reparations, what form they should take<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/30\/black-americans-views-on-reparations-for-slavery\/\">the Center\u2019s 2021 survey<\/a>, the 30% of Americans who favored reparations were also asked about the institutions and individuals who bear responsibility for repayment. They were presented with four options: the U.S. federal government, businesses and banks that profited from slavery, colleges and universities that benefited from slavery, and descendants of families who engaged in the slave trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three-quarters of reparations supporters say the federal government has all or most of the responsibility to repay descendants of enslaved people. A smaller share, though still a majority, say businesses and banks that profited from slavery (65%) have all or most of the responsibility. Fewer say the same about colleges and universities that benefited from slavery (53%) and descendants of families who engaged in the slave trade (44%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10402\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/28\/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery\/ft_22-11-09_reparations_3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d8e2e0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d8e2e0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"648\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that three-quarters of Americans who support reparations say the federal government should be responsible for repayment\" class=\"wp-image-10402 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=296,300 296w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=768,778 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=1011,1024 1011w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=400,405 400w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=200,203 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=260,263 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=310,314 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=420,425 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=640,648 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=740,749 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=75,75 75w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=160,162 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_3.png?resize=320,324 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reparations supporters were also asked how helpful the following forms of repayment would be: educational scholarships, financial assistance for starting or improving a business, financial assistance for buying or remodeling a home, and cash payments. These adults are most likely to say educational scholarships would be very or extremely helpful (82%), followed by financial assistance with businesses (75%), financial assistance with home buying or remodeling (73%) and cash payments (57%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are some racial, ethnic and partisan differences in Americans\u2019 views of both the institutions that would be responsible for reparations, as well as the specific forms that reparations might take.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10406\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/28\/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery\/ft_22-11-09_reparations_4-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d1dddb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d1dddb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"647\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that majorities of reparations supporters think financial assistance for education, businesses and homes would be helpful forms of repayment\" class=\"wp-image-10406 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=297,300 297w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=768,776 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=1013,1024 1013w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=401,405 401w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=200,202 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=260,263 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=310,313 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=420,425 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=640,647 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=740,748 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=75,75 75w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=160,162 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_4.png?resize=320,324 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, more than six-in-ten Black and Hispanic reparations supporters (63% and 69%, respectively) say colleges and universities that benefited from slavery bear all or most of the responsibility for repaying descendants of enslaved people. By comparison, White and Asian American supporters of reparations are notably less likely to hold this view (41% and 44%, respectively).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among those who support reparations, Democrats are 20 points more likely than Republicans to say the federal government bears all or most of the responsibility for repayment (77% vs. 57%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to various forms of repayment, majorities of Black American reparations supporters say all four forms of assistance would be extremely or very helpful, and those in other racial and ethnic groups largely agree. Americans in each racial and ethnic group are <em>least<\/em> likely to say cash payments would be helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"low-expectations-for-the-likelihood-of-reparations\"><strong>Low expectations for the likelihood of reparations<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10409\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/11\/28\/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery\/ft_22-11-09_reparations_5-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e6d8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e6d8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"773\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that most Americans who support reparations for slavery say this is unlikely in their lifetime\" class=\"wp-image-10409 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=163,300 163w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=768,1413 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=556,1024 556w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=835,1536 835w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=220,405 220w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=200,368 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=260,479 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=310,571 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=420,773 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=640,1178 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=740,1362 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=160,294 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/11\/FT_22.11.09_Reparations_5.png?resize=320,589 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who support reparations to descendants of people enslaved in the U.S. were also asked whether repayment \u2013 of any type or from any source \u2013 would happen in their lifetime. Most supporters of the idea say this is not likely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, three-quarters of U.S. adults who support repayment to descendants of enslaved people say it is a little or not at all likely that this will happen in their lifetime. Only 10% say it is extremely or very likely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are a few demographic differences among respondents on this question, too. Hispanic (21%) and Asian American (13%) reparations supporters are more likely than their White (6%) or Black (7%) counterparts to say it\u2019s extremely or very likely that these descendants will be repaid in their lifetime. And supporters ages 18 to 49 (12%) are more likely than those 50 and older (5%) to say it\u2019s extremely or very likely that these descendants will be repaid in their lifetime.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/08\/RE_2022.08.30_Black-Voices-Politics_TOPLINE.pdf\">the&nbsp;questions&nbsp;used<\/a> for the survey, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/30\/black-voices-politics-methodology\/\">its&nbsp;methodology<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overall, 30% of U.S. adults say descendants of people enslaved in the U.S. should be repaid in some way. 68% say they should not be repaid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":584,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"apple_news_api_created_at":"2022-11-28T17:59:48Z","apple_news_api_id":"d85b0b8d-2265-4ab1-8666-de477e2fe356","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2022-12-01T20:41:44Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/A2FsLjSJlSrGGZt5Hfi_jVg","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[{"key":"_uk1n9ej9k","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/30\/black-americans-have-a-clear-vision-for-reducing-racism-but-little-hope-it-will-happen\/","postId":414555,"title":"Black 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