{"id":8226,"date":"2023-02-23T08:58:55","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T13:58:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:16","slug":"what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"What public opinion surveys found in the first year of the war in Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SR_23.02.21_Ukraine_feature.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-424983\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">U.S. President Joe Biden walks with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky while visiting Kyiv, Ukraine,\u00a0on Feb. 20, 2023, ahead of the first anniversary of Russia&#8217;s invasion of the country. (Dimitar Dilkoff\/AFP via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Russia launched its military invasion of Ukraine a year ago this month. Ahead of the Feb. 24 anniversary of the start of the war, here\u2019s a look back at public opinion findings about the conflict, based on Pew Research Center surveys conducted internationally and in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center published this collection of survey findings to coincide with the first anniversary of Russia\u2019s military invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2023. All findings are based on previously published surveys from the Center. Additional information about the original surveys, including their field dates, sample sizes and methodologies, can be found by following the links in the text of this analysis.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>International public opinion of President Vladimir Putin and Russia <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/06\/22\/ratings-for-russia-drop-to-record-lows\/\">turned much more negative<\/a> following Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.<\/strong> Attitudes about Putin and Russia were already negative in many countries before the war in Ukraine. But in spring 2022, shortly after the invasion, a median of 90% of adults across 18 surveyed countries said they had no confidence in Russia\u2019s president to do the right thing regarding world affairs, while a median of just 9% had confidence in him. Ratings for Putin reached record lows in every nation with available trend data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11231\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f2f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f2f1;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_01.png?resize=480,603 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_01.png?resize=782,982 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_01.png?resize=960,1206 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_01.png?resize=1200,1508 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_01.png?resize=1280,1608 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_01.png\" alt=\"A chart showing that confidence in Putin reached record lows in many countries surveyed in 2022\" class=\"wp-image-11231 not-transparent\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views of Russia itself were broadly negative, too. A median of 85% of adults across the surveyed countries expressed an unfavorable opinion of Russia in spring 2022. In nearly every country with available trend data, there was a double-digit decline in favorable ratings of Russia since 2020, the last time the question was asked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11258\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_07-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfe1d1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfe1d1;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_07.png?resize=480,579 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_07.png?resize=620,748 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_07.png\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Swedes grew more favorable toward NATO during survey field period of February 2022 to April 2022\" class=\"wp-image-11258 not-transparent\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>International opinions of NATO <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/06\/22\/positive-ratings-for-nato\/\">turned more positive<\/a> in several countries after the war began. <\/strong>In Germany, for instance, 70% of adults expressed a favorable opinion of NATO in spring 2022, up from 59% the year before. In the United Kingdom, 74% of adults had a positive view of the alliance, up from 66% in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In one non-NATO member country surveyed \u2013 Sweden \u2013 views of the alliance became more positive even during the survey field period itself, which coincided with the beginning of the war in Ukraine. Among Swedes surveyed April 5-20, 2022, nearly two months into the war, 27% expressed a <em>very <\/em>favorable opinion of NATO, up from 18% among Swedes who were surveyed a few weeks earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11236\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0eff0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0eff0;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_02.png?resize=480,672 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_02.png?resize=620,868 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_02.png\" alt=\"A chart showing that after Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine, Americans became much more likely to see Russia as an enemy of the U.S.\" class=\"wp-image-11236 not-transparent\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>After Russia invaded Ukraine, there was a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/04\/06\/seven-in-ten-americans-now-see-russia-as-an-enemy\/\">sharp increase<\/a> in the share of U.S. adults viewing Russia as an enemy of the United States. <\/strong>In January 2022, with Russian troops massing near the border but not yet crossing into Ukraine, Americans were slightly more likely to see Russia as a competitor of the U.S. than as an enemy (49% vs. 41%). By March 2022, after Russia\u2019s invasion, the tables had turned: Seven-in-ten Americans saw Russia as an enemy, while 24% saw it as a competitor. In both surveys, very few adults perceived Russia as a partner of the U.S. (7% in January 2022, 3% in March 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default wp-block-paragraph\">There has also been a steep rise in the share of Americans with a very unfavorable view of Russia in recent years. Around seven-in-ten U.S. adults (69%) expressed a very unfavorable view of Russia in March 2022, up from 41% in 2020. Two-thirds of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents had a very unfavorable view in March, up from around a third (32%) two years earlier. And 72% of Democrats and Democratic leaners had a very unfavorable opinion, up from 49% in 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11239\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d8dcdb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d8dcdb;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_03.png?resize=480,551 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_03.png?resize=782,897 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_03.png?resize=840,964 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_03.png\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that In March 2022, around seven-in-ten Americans expressed at least some confidence in Zelenskyy\" class=\"wp-image-11239 not-transparent\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In a survey conducted around a month after the invasion, 72% of Americans said they had at least some confidence in Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/03\/30\/zelenskyy-inspires-widespread-confidence-from-u-s-public-as-views-of-putin-hit-new-low\/\">do the right thing in world affairs<\/a>, while just 6% said the same about Putin.<\/strong> Zelenskyy (also spelled Zelensky) inspired confidence from a greater share of the American public than any of the six leaders asked about in the March 2022 survey, including U.S. President Joe Biden. Among the Americans who expressed at least some confidence in Zelenskyy, one-in-three said they had <em>a<\/em> <em>lot<\/em> of confidence in him, also far exceeding the shares who said so about the other leaders included in the survey. As for Putin, 92% of Americans said they lacked confidence in him, including 77% who said they had no confidence at all in the Russian president.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11243\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_04-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dedada\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dedada;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_04.png?resize=480,663 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_04.png?resize=620,856 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_04.png\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Since March 2022, Republicans have become less likely to see the Russia-Ukraine war as major threat to the U.S.\n% who say ___ is a major threat to U.S. interests\" class=\"wp-image-11243 not-transparent\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Between March 2022 and January 2023, there was a decline in the share of Americans \u2013 especially Republicans \u2013 viewing the war as a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/01\/31\/as-russian-invasion-nears-one-year-mark-partisans-grow-further-apart-on-u-s-support-for-ukraine\/\">major threat to U.S. interests<\/a>.<\/strong> In March 2022, half of U.S. adults, including nearly identical shares of Republicans and Democrats, saw Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine as a major threat to American interests. By this past January, that figure had declined to 35% among Americans overall. While there was a decline in both parties, the decrease among Republicans was steeper: The share of Republicans who perceived the invasion as a major threat to the U.S. fell from 51% around the start of the war to 29% in January 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11247\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_05-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8e4dc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8e4dc;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_05.png?resize=480,448 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_05.png?resize=782,730 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_05.png?resize=840,784 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_05.png\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that the share of Republicans who say the U.S. gives too much aid to Ukraine has steadily risen since March 2022 \" class=\"wp-image-11247 not-transparent\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Four-in-ten Republicans in the U.S. said in January 2023 that the country is providing <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/01\/31\/as-russian-invasion-nears-one-year-mark-partisans-grow-further-apart-on-u-s-support-for-ukraine\/\">too much aid to Ukraine<\/a>, up from 9% who said so early in the war.<\/strong> As Republicans have become less likely to see the war as a major threat to the U.S., they have become <em>more<\/em> likely to say the U.S. is providing too much support to Ukraine. The share of Republicans expressing this view increased from 9% in March 2022 to 17% in May 2022 to 32% in September 2022 to 40% in January 2023. As of January, Americans overall were divided in their views of U.S. assistance to Ukraine: 26% said the U.S. was providing too much support, 31% said it was providing the right amount and 20% said it was providing too little support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-has-big-number wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>As of January 2023, Americans were more likely to <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/01\/31\/as-russian-invasion-nears-one-year-mark-partisans-grow-further-apart-on-u-s-support-for-ukraine\/\">approve than disapprove<\/a> of the Biden administration\u2019s response to Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine, but attitudes varied widely by party.<\/strong> Among U.S. adults overall, 43% strongly or somewhat approved of the administration\u2019s response to the invasion, while 34% strongly or somewhat disapproved. Around one-in-five adults (22%) were not sure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-11251\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/23\/what-public-opinion-surveys-found-in-the-first-year-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/ft_2023-02-23_ukraine-roundup_06-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebeae6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebeae6;\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_06.png?resize=480,425 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_06.png?resize=782,693 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_06.png?resize=840,744 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/ft_2023.02.23_ukraine-roundup_06.png\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that In January 2023, around six-in-ten Democrats and a quarter of Republicans approved of Biden administration\u2019s response to Russia invading Ukraine\" class=\"wp-image-11251 not-transparent\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 61% majority of Democrats approved of the administration\u2019s response to the invasion but more than half of Republicans (54%) disapproved of it. Still, around a quarter of Republicans (27%) had a positive view of the Biden administration\u2019s response \u2013 notably greater than the share who approved of the overall way Biden was handling his job as president at the time (6%).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Attitudes toward Russia and Vladimir Putin turned much more negative, while opinions of NATO grew more 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