{"id":8187,"date":"2022-12-07T10:00:58","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T15:00:58","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:23","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:23","slug":"younger-evangelicals-in-the-u-s-are-more-concerned-than-their-elders-about-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/12\/07\/younger-evangelicals-in-the-u-s-are-more-concerned-than-their-elders-about-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Younger evangelicals in the U.S. are more concerned than their elders about climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_featured.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-419866\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young people around the world have been at the forefront of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/worlds-youth-returns-streets-fight-climate-change-2021-09-24\/\">climate change protests<\/a>, and in the United States, adults under 40 are considerably more likely than their elders to express concern about the issue and attribute it to human activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This age pattern also exists within major Christian traditions in the U.S., including evangelical Protestants, who are among the groups most skeptical about climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, two-thirds of U.S. adults younger than 40 say global climate change is an extremely or very serious problem, compared with roughly half of those ages 40 and older (52%), according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2022\/11\/17\/how-religion-intersects-with-americans-views-on-the-environment\/\">recent Pew Research Center survey<\/a>. Furthermore, 64% of adults under 40 say the Earth is getting warmer mostly because of human activity, such as burning fossil fuels, while fewer than half of older Americans (47%) take that position.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this survey to explore the relationship between Americans\u2019 religious beliefs and their views about the environment \u2013 including differences by age. For this report, we surveyed 10,156 U.S. adults from April 11-17, 2022. All respondents to the survey are part of Pew Research Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education, religious affiliation and other categories. For more, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a> and the <a href=\"#_Methodology\">methodology<\/a> for this report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/PF_2022.11.17_religion-climate_TOPLINE.pdf\">the questions used<\/a> in this analysis.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are similar age gaps among evangelical Protestants, even though both younger and older evangelicals are less likely than Americans overall to express concern about climate change. Evangelical Protestant adults under 40 are more likely than older evangelicals to say climate change is an extremely or very serious problem (41% vs. 31%). And 42% of evangelical adults under 40 say the Earth is warming due to human activity, compared with 28% of evangelicals ages 40 and older.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These age gaps are not unique to evangelicals. For instance, around two-thirds of U.S. Catholic adults under 40 (66%) say the Earth is warming because of human activity, while half of older Catholics share this view. Among religiously unaffiliated Americans \u2013 a group that is <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2022\/11\/17\/how-religion-intersects-with-americans-views-on-the-environment\/\">more concerned than Christians as a whole<\/a> about climate change \u2013 young people again are especially concerned. (The survey did not include large enough samples of <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/08\/08\/why-pew-research-center-typically-cant-report-the-views-of-smaller-u-s-religious-groups\/\">members of non-Christian groups<\/a> to analyze age categories within them.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views toward climate change are even more <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2022\/11\/17\/how-religion-intersects-with-americans-views-on-the-environment\/\">closely tied to political party<\/a> than to religion or age, with Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents much more likely than Republicans and Republican leaners to express high levels of concern. Still, among Republicans, adults under 40 are considerably more likely than those ages 40 and older to say that climate change is an extremely or very serious problem (35% vs. 21%) and that the Earth is getting warmer mostly because of human activity (38% vs. 19%). The age gap is not as pronounced among Democrats, with large majorities of both younger and older Democrats expressing these views.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10341\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/12\/07\/younger-evangelicals-in-the-u-s-are-more-concerned-than-their-elders-about-climate-change\/ft_22-12-07_agereligionclimate_01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"abc7d5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #abc7d5;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"865\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that in the U.S., young adults are more concerned than their elders - both in the overall population and within religious groups - about climate change\" class=\"wp-image-10341 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=222,300 222w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=768,1038 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=758,1024 758w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=1136,1536 1136w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=300,405 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=200,270 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=260,351 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=310,419 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=420,568 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=640,865 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=740,1000 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=160,216 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_01.png?resize=320,433 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"few-young-adults-are-both-highly-religious-and-concerned-about-climate-change\">Few young adults are both highly religious and concerned about climate change<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While young adults in the U.S. tend to be more concerned about climate change than adults ages 40 and older, they also tend to be less religious than older Americans. These crosscutting patterns show up when examining the percentage of young Americans who are both highly religious <em>and<\/em> concerned about climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just 5% of U.S. adults under 40 are both highly religious <em>and<\/em> concerned about climate change, compared with 9% of those ages 40 and older. (In this study, \u201chighly religious\u201d is defined as those who say they pray each day, attend religious services at least weekly and consider religion to be very important in their lives.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10345\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/12\/07\/younger-evangelicals-in-the-u-s-are-more-concerned-than-their-elders-about-climate-change\/ft_22-12-07_agereligionclimate_02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dde8ec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dde8ec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing the composition of younger and older U.S. adults, by religious observance and concern about climate change\" class=\"wp-image-10345 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=720,405 720w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=200,113 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=260,146 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=310,174 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=740,416 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=540,304 540w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=564,317 564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=1128,634 1128w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=690,388 690w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=268,151 268w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=536,302 536w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=194,110 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=148,84 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_02.png?resize=296,168 296w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adults under 40 are far <em>more<\/em> likely than older Americans to both have a low level of religious commitment and be concerned about climate change. This is true for 27% of U.S. adults ages 18 to 39 \u2013 about double the share of those ages 40 and older in this category (13%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-10347\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/12\/07\/younger-evangelicals-in-the-u-s-are-more-concerned-than-their-elders-about-climate-change\/ft_22-12-07_agereligionclimate_03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"b6c3cb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #b6c3cb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"640\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?w=420\" alt=\"A table showing that Americans under 40 are less likely than their elders to say God gave humans a duty to protect and care for Earth\" class=\"wp-image-10347 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=768,1170 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=672,1024 672w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=266,405 266w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=200,305 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=260,396 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=310,472 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=420,640 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=640,975 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=740,1128 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=160,244 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/12\/FT_22.12.07_ageReligionClimate_03.png?resize=320,488 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young Americans are less likely than their elders to hold some beliefs that connect religion to the environment. For instance, while 55% of Americans under 40 say they completely or mostly agree with the idea that God gave humans a duty to protect and care for the Earth, 72% of adults 40 and older say the same. Younger Americans also are less likely than their older counterparts to say they have prayed for the environment in the past year (27% vs. 37%). These gaps exist in part because young Americans are less religious in general, including being less likely to believe in God and to pray on a regular basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among evangelical Protestants, however, differences between younger and older adults on these questions are modest. Eight-in-ten or more evangelical adults under 40 (82%) and ages 40 and older (88%) say God gave humans a duty to care for the Earth, while similar shares of both groups say they have prayed for the environment in the past 12 months (41% and 44%, respectively).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evangelical Protestant adults under 40 are more likely than older evangelicals to say climate change is an extremely or very serious problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":584,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2022-12-07T15:01:08Z","apple_news_api_id":"d87a0a73-d5dd-4256-a533-c9fc457683e8","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2022-12-07T15:01:09Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/A2HoKc9XdQlalM8n8RXaD6A","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[264,183,207,259,176,388],"bylines":[975,744,854],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[517,518],"class_list":["post-8187","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-climate-energy-environment","category-evangelicalism","category-older-adults-aging","category-religion-science-1","category-religion-science-2","category-younger-adults","bylines-becka-alper","bylines-justin-nortey","bylines-michael-lipka","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-religion","research-teams-science"],"label":"Short 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