{"id":8015,"date":"2025-06-05T11:56:03","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T15:56:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-06-05T11:56:06","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T15:56:06","slug":"republicans-and-democrats-on-x-differ-over-the-sites-politics-and-their-experiences","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/06\/05\/republicans-and-democrats-on-x-differ-over-the-sites-politics-and-their-experiences\/","title":{"rendered":"Republicans and Democrats on X differ over the site\u2019s politics and their experiences"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"1d4d63\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #1d4d63;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_featured.png?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_featured.png?resize=782,440 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_featured.png?resize=960,540 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_featured.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_featured.png?resize=1280,720 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_featured.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-261178 not-transparent\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X (formerly Twitter) has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/twitter-rebrand-x-name-change-elon-musk-what-it-means\/\">rebranded<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/musk-owned-xs-content-moderation-shift-complicated-effort-win-back-brands-former-2023-09-07\/\">relaxed some of its content rules<\/a> and made other sweeping changes since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/10\/27\/technology\/elon-musk-twitter-deal-complete.html\">Elon Musk bought the platform<\/a> in 2022. Amid these shifts, Republicans view the social media platform far more positively than Democrats do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Below, we explore the following questions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/06\/05\/republicans-and-democrats-on-x-differ-over-the-sites-politics-and-their-experiences\/#how-do-users-rate-their-experiences-on-x\">How do users rate their experiences on X?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/06\/05\/republicans-and-democrats-on-x-differ-over-the-sites-politics-and-their-experiences\/#do-users-think-x-leans-conservative-or-liberal\">Do users think X leans conservative or liberal?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/06\/05\/republicans-and-democrats-on-x-differ-over-the-sites-politics-and-their-experiences\/#how-do-users-view-x-s-impact-on-american-democracy\">How do users view X\u2019s impact on American democracy?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/06\/05\/republicans-and-democrats-on-x-differ-over-the-sites-politics-and-their-experiences\/#how-do-x-users-view-the-platform-s-environment\">How do X users view the platform\u2019s environment?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-61b01db2 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>How we did this<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis as an ongoing effort to explore views of X (formerly known as Twitter) among the site\u2019s users. This study aims to show how these views have changed over time. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this analysis, we surveyed 5,123 adults from Feb. 24 to March 2, 2025. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), a group of people recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses who have agreed to take surveys regularly. This kind of recruitment gives nearly all U.S. adults a chance of selection. Interviews were conducted either online or by telephone with a live interviewer. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other factors. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">Read more about the ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_questionnaire.pdf\">questions used for this analysis<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_topline.pdf\">topline<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_methodology.pdf\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-users-rate-their-experiences-on-x\">How do users rate their experiences on X?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, 37% of X users say their recent experiences using the platform have been mostly positive, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted Feb. 24-March 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A statistically equal share of users (40%) describe their recent experiences as neither positive nor negative. Another 23% say their experiences have been mostly negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Views by political party<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=261176\"><img data-dominant-color=\"daddda\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_1.png?resize=480,363 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_1.png?resize=782,592 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_1.png?resize=840,636 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"485\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_1.png?w=640\" alt=\"A horizontal stacked bar chart showing that more Democrats than Republicans on X report negative experiences on the platform.\" class=\"wp-image-261176 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #daddda; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majorities in both parties say their recent experiences on X have been mostly positive or neutral. However, Republican and Republican-leaning X users are more likely than Democratic and Democratic-leaning users to report upbeat experiences on the site. About half of Republican users (51%) describe their time there as positive, compared with 20% of Democratic users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Democrats on the platform are more likely than Republicans to say their recent experience has been mostly negative (40% vs. 11%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, similar shares of Republican (38%) and Democratic (41%) users say their experience on X is neither positive nor negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"views-by-race-and-ethnicity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views by race and ethnicity<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White adults on X stand out in saying their experience on the platform these days has been mostly positive. Roughly four-in-ten White X users (41%) say this, higher than Hispanic (36%), Black (29%) and Asian (28%) users. The shares of Hispanic, Black and Asian users who say this are not statistically different from each other. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related: <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/05\/29\/bluesky-has-caught-on-with-many-news-influencers-but-x-remains-popular\/\"><em>Bluesky has caught on with many news influencers, but X remains popular<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"do-users-think-x-leans-conservative-or-liberal\">Do users think X leans conservative or liberal?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=261177\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e7e8e8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_2.png?resize=480,373 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_2.png?resize=782,607 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_2.png?resize=840,652 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"497\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_2.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that 55% of Democratic X users think the site supports the views of conservatives over liberals.\" class=\"wp-image-261177 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e7e8e8; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More X users say the site favors conservative views over liberal ones, but this is even more common among Democrats. Overall, 31% of X users think the platform tends to support conservative views over liberal views. Far fewer \u2013 5% \u2013 say X supports liberal views more, while 38% say it supports both sets of views equally. Another 26% are not sure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"views-by-political-party\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views by political party<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Few users in either party think the site supports liberal views over conservative ones. But views differ on whether X backs conservatives over liberals or treats both groups equally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Among X users:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>55% of Democrats say X supports conservative views over liberal views, compared with 13% of Republicans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>56% of Republicans think the platform supports liberal and conservative views equally, compared with 16% of Democrats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-users-view-x-s-impact-on-american-democracy\">How do users view X\u2019s impact on American democracy?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=261175\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efeeee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_3.png?resize=480,475 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_3.png?resize=782,775 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_3.png?resize=840,832 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"634\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_3.png?w=640\" alt=\"Line chart showing steep increase in the share of Republican X users who say the platform is good for American democracy, decrease among Democrats since 2021.\" class=\"wp-image-261175 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efeeee; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The share of Republicans on X who say the platform is mostly good for American democracy has risen from 17% in 2021 to 58% today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, fewer Republican users than in 2021 say the platform is mostly bad for democracy (60% in 2021 vs. 11% in 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Democrats\u2019 views have moved in the opposite direction. The share of Democrats on X who say the platform is good for democracy has decreased from 47% to 17% over the past four years. At the same time, 53% of Democratic users now say X is bad for democracy, far higher than the 28% in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shares in both parties who say X doesn\u2019t impact American democracy have remained relatively stable over the past four years. In 2021, roughly a quarter each of Republican and Democratic X users said this, and about three-in-ten in each party say this now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-x-users-view-the-platform-s-environment\">How do X users view the platform\u2019s environment?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Musk has been a <a href=\"https:\/\/whyy.org\/episodes\/elon-musk-twitter-and-free-speech\/\">vocal advocate for protecting free speech<\/a> on the site and <a href=\"https:\/\/gizmodo.com\/elon-musk-twitter-12000-banned-accounts-restored-data-1849848764\">reinstating some banned users<\/a>. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2022\/11\/22\/elon-musk-twitter-content-moderations\/\">critics have raised concerns<\/a> that misinformation and harassment could go unchecked on the platform under Musk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=261174\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f0f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_4.png?resize=480,709 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_4.png?resize=782,1154 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_4.png?resize=840,1240 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"945\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_4.png?w=640\" alt=\"Line chart showing that partisan divides have grown drastically since 2021 over whether misleading information, harassment or the tone of discussions are major problems on X.\" class=\"wp-image-261174 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f0f1; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2021, a similar share of Republican and Democratic users said inaccurate or misleading information on X was a major problem. By 2023, Democratic users were more likely than Republican users to say this (68% vs. 37%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today the gap has widened further, to nearly 50 percentage points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also asked users about harassment and abuse, as well as the tone or civility of discussions on X. The shares who say these are major problems on the platform follow a fairly similar pattern as misleading information. Where we saw Republicans and Democrats more on par in 2021, we now see wide divides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Republicans\u2019 and Democrats\u2019 views about X banning users have shifted in the opposite direction from each other. In 2021, Republican users were far more likely than Democrats to see it as a major issue (61% vs. 6%). In 2023, the gap narrowed, and today, a larger share of Democrats than Republicans on X say this is a major problem (33% vs. 18%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, Republican users were more concerned than Democrats in 2021 about X limiting the visibility of certain posts. But Democrats are now more likely than Republicans to say this is a major problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_questionnaire.pdf\">questions used for this analysis<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_topline.pdf\">topline<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/SR_25.06.05_x-users_methodology.pdf\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/em> <em>This is an update of a post originally published May 1, 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most X users say their recent experiences using the platform have been mostly positive or neutral.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":261178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-05-02T19:42:01Z","apple_news_api_id":"2cdcffc5-ee0f-413d-b315-86f422944e9e","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-05-17T16:50:39Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAg==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ALNz_xe4PQT2zFYb0IpROng","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[{"key":"_v9bz2fhfa","termId":645},{"key":"_5dswf7kqc","termId":940}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[282,281,274,273,312],"bylines":[645,940],"collection":[],"datasets":[2738],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[526],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-8015","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-misinformation-online","category-online-harassment-bullying","category-politics-online","category-technology-policy-issues","category-twitter-x","bylines-michelle-faverio","bylines-monica-anderson","datasets-american-trends-panel-wave-123","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-internet"],"label":"Short 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