{"id":8005,"date":"2023-05-02T09:56:27","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T14:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/most-u-s-journalists-are-concerned-about-press-freedoms\/"},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:06","slug":"most-u-s-journalists-are-concerned-about-press-freedoms","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/02\/most-u-s-journalists-are-concerned-about-press-freedoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Most U.S. journalists are concerned about press freedoms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most journalists in the United States are concerned about the future of press freedoms in the country, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-sense-turmoil-in-their-industry-amid-continued-passion-for-their-work\/\">2022 Pew Research Center survey<\/a> of nearly 12,000 working U.S.-based journalists. This new analysis comes ahead of the 30th anniversary of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/press-freedom-day\">World Press Freedom Day<\/a>, which the United Nations recognizes on May 3 to highlight issues of press freedom and media ethics across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9674\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/02\/most-u-s-journalists-are-concerned-about-press-freedoms\/sr_2023-05-02_press_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2ddde\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2ddde;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"284\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that a majority of journalists in the U.S. are highly concerned about possible restrictions on press freedoms. \" class=\"wp-image-9674 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=300,203 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=768,519 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=599,405 599w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=200,135 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=260,176 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=310,210 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=420,284 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=640,433 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=740,500 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=160,108 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_1.png?resize=320,216 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roughly six-in-ten U.S. journalists surveyed (57%) say they are extremely or very concerned about potential restrictions on press freedoms in the country, including a third of journalists who say they are extremely concerned. Another 23% are somewhat concerned. Just one-in-five have low levels of concern about the future of press freedoms domestically.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This Pew Research Center analysis is based on a survey of 11,889 U.S.-based journalists who are currently working in the news industry and said that they report, edit or create original news stories in their current job. The survey was conducted online between Feb. 16 and March 17, 2022, by SSRS. A <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalist-survey-appendix-detailed-tables-of-the-composition-of-the-journalist-survey-sample\/\">detailed demographic profile of the journalists who completed the survey<\/a> can be found in the&nbsp;main survey report\u2019s Appendix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because there is no readily available list of all U.S. journalists, Center researchers relied on commercial databases of journalists based in the U.S. as well as supplemental lists of news organizations to create a broad and diverse sample of more than 160,000 journalists from as many types of outlets and areas of reporting as possible. Although it is impossible to be certain every segment of the journalism profession in the U.S. is covered by the sample, the use of multiple databases and supplemental lists ensured that journalists from a variety of different reporting areas, news platform types, as well as outlet sizes and types \u2013 such as those who work for organizations that are intended to primarily reach a particular demographic group \u2013 were represented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Propensity weighting was used to ensure that the responses of the 11,889 respondents aligned with the full sample of over 160,000 journalists with respect to job titles, media outlet type, freelance status and geographic location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_Journalist-Survey_TOPLINE.pdf\">topline&nbsp;for the questions asked of journalists in the survey<\/a>. Refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalist-survey-methodology\/\">methodology for more information on the development of the sample<\/a> of journalists and the survey weighting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. This is the latest analysis in Pew Research Center\u2019s ongoing investigation of the state of news, information and journalism in the digital age, a research program funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These concerns come at a time when the U.S. ranks 42nd in the world in press freedom, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/rsf.org\/en\/index\">2022 analysis by Reporters Without Borders<\/a>, and as <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/tv-journalists-most-likely-to-experience-harassment-online-outlets-most-likely-to-see-newsroom-expansion\/\">some journalists face harassment<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/media\/2022\/06\/28\/we-were-seen-enemies-journalists-uvalde-threatened-by-police\/\">threats of arrest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concerns-about-press-freedoms-by-journalists-age-experience\">Concerns about press freedoms by journalists\u2019 age, experience<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Older journalists and those who have been in the news industry longer are especially concerned about U.S. press freedoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9677\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/02\/most-u-s-journalists-are-concerned-about-press-freedoms\/sr_2023-05-02_press_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0d7d9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0d7d9;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"590\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?w=310\" alt=\"Two bar charts that show older and more experienced journalists are especially concerned about press freedoms. \" class=\"wp-image-9677 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png 620w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=158,300 158w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=538,1024 538w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=213,405 213w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=200,381 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=260,495 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=310,590 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=420,799 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=160,305 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_2.png?resize=320,609 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roughly two-thirds of journalists ages 65 and older (68%) and ages 50 to 64 (63%) say they are extremely or very concerned about potential restrictions on press freedoms in the U.S. Smaller, yet sizable, shares of journalists ages 30 to 49 (52%) and those under 30 (42%) share these concerns. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, about two-thirds of journalists (65%) who have worked in the industry for more than 20 years are extremely or very concerned about the future of press freedoms in the U.S., compared with a little less than half (45%) of those with five years of experience or less. This pattern persists even when accounting for age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concerns-about-press-freedoms-by-type-of-news-outlet\">Concerns about press freedoms by type of news outlet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the level of concern about press freedoms varies with journalists\u2019 age and experience, it is fairly consistent across the types of news outlets that they work for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9681\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/02\/most-u-s-journalists-are-concerned-about-press-freedoms\/sr_2023-05-02_press_3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e1dadb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e1dadb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"381\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?w=310\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that journalists are similarly concerned about press freedoms regardless of the political leaning of their outlet\u2019s audience.\" class=\"wp-image-9681 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png 620w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=244,300 244w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=330,405 330w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=200,246 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=260,320 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=310,381 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=420,516 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=160,197 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.02_press_3.png?resize=320,393 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For instance, U.S. journalists who say their news organization\u2019s audience leans to the right politically, those who say their audience leans to the left, and those who say their audience is politically mixed are about equally as likely to express high levels of concern about potential press freedom restrictions. Those who say they work at outlets with right-leaning audiences are slightly more likely than those at outlets with left-leaning audiences to be <em>extremely<\/em> concerned (36% vs. 31%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Journalists also have roughly similar levels of concern regardless of whether their outlet focuses on local, state, national or international news or whether its original platform is television, print, online, or radio or podcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_Journalist-Survey_TOPLINE.pdf\">the questions used<\/a> for this analysis, along with responses, and its <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalist-survey-methodology\/\">methodology<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>57% of U.S. journalists surveyed say they are extremely or very concerned about potential restrictions on press freedoms in the country. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-05-02T19:41:13Z","apple_news_api_id":"f673052c-6f31-401a-8b23-94eb7e4938f6","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-05-09T15:08:33Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/A9nMFLG8xQBqLI5Trfkk49g","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[275,103,330,34,398,325,332,333,327],"bylines":[659,646],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[527],"class_list":["post-8005","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-digital-news-landscape-2","category-free-speech-press","category-freedom-of-the-press","category-internet-technology","category-journalists-1","category-media-society","category-media-industry","category-news-platforms-sources","category-politics-media-1","bylines-naomi-forman-katz","bylines-sarah-naseer","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-journalism"],"label":"Short 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