{"id":7966,"date":"2023-05-10T09:58:45","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T14:58:45","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:05","slug":"americans-see-both-russia-and-china-in-a-negative-light-but-more-call-russia-an-enemy","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/10\/americans-see-both-russia-and-china-in-a-negative-light-but-more-call-russia-an-enemy\/","title":{"rendered":"Americans see both Russia and China in a negative light \u2013 but more call Russia an enemy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/SR_23.04.26_RussiaChinaComparison_feature.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping meet at the Kremlin in Moscow on March 21, 2023. (Xie Huanchi\/Xinhua via Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-429458\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping meet at the Kremlin in Moscow on March 21, 2023. (Xie Huanchi\/Xinhua via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The vast majority of Americans have unfavorable views of Russia (91%) and China (83%), according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted March 20-26, 2023. That includes roughly six-in-ten (62%) who have <em>very <\/em>unfavorable views of Russia and more than four-in-ten (44%) who have <em>very<\/em> unfavorable views of China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9803\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/10\/americans-see-both-russia-and-china-in-a-negative-light-but-more-call-russia-an-enemy\/sr_2023-05-10_russiachina_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c2cdda\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c2cdda;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_1.png?resize=480,542 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_1.png?resize=782,883 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_1.png?resize=840,948 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"474\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_1.png?w=420\" alt=\"Two bar charts showing that Americans overwhelmingly have negative views of Russia and China, and of both countries\u2019 leaders.\" class=\"wp-image-9803 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The leadership of both countries also instills little confidence in Americans: 90% say they have little or no confidence in Russian President Vladimir Putin to do what\u2019s right regarding world affairs, including 71% who have no confidence in him <em>at all. <\/em>Around three-quarters of Americans (77%) also have little or no confidence in Chinese President Xi Jinping, including around half (47%) who say they have no confidence in him <em>at all<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are partisan differences in Americans\u2019 views of both leaders. Democrats and independents who lean toward the Democratic Party are more likely than Republicans and Republican-leaning independents to say they have no confidence at all in Putin (77% vs. 67%). The opposite is true for Xi: 57% of Republicans have no confidence at all in him, compared with 40% of Democrats.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this study to gauge Americans\u2019 views of China and Russia. For this analysis, we surveyed 3,576 U.S. adults from March 20 to 26, 2023. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the questions on <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/PG_2023.04.12_U.S.-Views-China_TOPLINE.pdf\">U.S. views of China<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/PG_2023.05.10_nato-russia-ukraine_TOPLINE.pdf\">views on Russia<\/a> used in this analysis, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/04\/12\/us-views-china-2023-methodology\/\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers also included quotations from four focus groups held in Arlington, Virginia, in December 2022. These focus groups were part of a cross-national project that focused on how young people (ages 18 to 29) think about international engagement and multilateralism. The groups were organized by individuals\u2019 ideological affiliation (liberal or conservative) and views toward U.S. involvement in world affairs (\u201cinternationally engaged\u201d or \u201cdomestically focused\u201d). Read more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/young-people-focus-groups-methodology\/\">methodology for the focus groups<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quotations from focus group participants are not necessarily representative of the majority opinion of any particular group or of the United States as a whole. Quotations may have been edited for grammar, spelling and clarity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans\u2019 views of both countries have declined markedly over the past decade. In the case of Russia, the decline in favorability followed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker\/conflict\/conflict-ukraine\">Russia\u2019s 2014 annexation of Crimea<\/a>, while <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/10\/06\/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries\/\">negative views of China have increased<\/a> alongside the U.S.-China trade war; the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/\">outbreak of COVID-19<\/a> in Wuhan, China, in late 2019; and concerns about China\u2019s human rights policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ties between China and Russia are also a key concern for Americans, particularly amid the war in Ukraine. In March, in the wake of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/putin-meets-dear-friend-xi-kremlin-ukraine-war-grinds-2023-03-20\/\">a meeting between Xi and Putin<\/a>, 62% of Americans said the partnership between China and Russia is a very serious problem for the United States \u2013 more than said the same about <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/04\/12\/americans-are-critical-of-chinas-global-role-as-well-as-its-relationship-with-russia\/\">any other issue in the U.S.-China relationship<\/a>, including tensions between mainland China and Taiwan, China\u2019s policies on human rights, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"more-americans-describe-russia-than-china-as-an-enemy-of-the-u-s\">More Americans describe Russia than China as an enemy of the U.S.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans differentiate between China and Russia in how they think of each country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9810\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/10\/americans-see-both-russia-and-china-in-a-negative-light-but-more-call-russia-an-enemy\/sr_2023-05-10_russiachina_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f0f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_2.png?resize=480,466 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_2.png?resize=782,760 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_2.png?resize=840,816 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"408\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_2.png?w=420\" alt=\"Two line charts showing that Americans are more likely to see Russia as an enemy of the U.S. and China as a competitor.\" class=\"wp-image-9810 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nearly two-thirds of Americans (64%) see Russia as an enemy of the U.S. Three-in-ten see it as a competitor and 3% see it as a partner. In contrast, about half of U.S. adults (52%) see China as a competitor, while 38% view it as an enemy and another 6% see it as a partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notably, in January 2022 \u2013 before the Russian invasion of Ukraine \u2013 somewhat similar shares of Americans saw Russia (41%) and China (35%) as enemies of the U.S. But by March 2022, after the war began, the share of Americans who saw Russia as an enemy had climbed to 70%, while the share who saw China as an enemy (25%) had fallen somewhat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More than a year into the war, there has been little change in the share of Americans who see Russia as an enemy, while perceptions of China as an enemy have rebounded to levels seen before Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"u-s-attitudes-about-russia-ukraine-and-china-taiwan-tensions\">U.S. attitudes about Russia-Ukraine and China-Taiwan tensions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world\/\">Pew Research Center also conducted focus groups<\/a> in December 2022 with U.S. adults ages 18 to 29 to ask them about various international issues. In those groups, participants regularly drew parallels between Russia\u2019s treatment of Ukraine and China\u2019s treatment of Taiwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, one liberal man stressed how important America\u2019s current role in supporting Ukraine is, not only for Ukraine, but also because \u201cChina is paying attention to this and thinking about what is going to happen when it invades Taiwan.\u201d He argued \u2013 and most focus group participants agreed \u2013 that the \u201cworld becomes a much more dangerous place\u201d if China invades Taiwan or if Russia wins in Ukraine, and he stressed that the U.S. needs to counter both powers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A conservative man similarly emphasized the importance of the U.S. working multilaterally and \u201cgetting everyone on the same page.\u201d He said that countries must counter China \u201cswallowing up countries or building up islands\u201d to prevent broader conflict, as in Russia\u2019s annexation of Crimea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the March survey did not ask Americans to compare how Russia and China are treating other countries, Americans express much more favorable views of Ukraine than Russia (64% vs. 7%) and Taiwan than China (65% vs. 14%). And views of each conflict are largely zero-sum: A majority of Americans (59%) have favorable views of Ukraine <em>and<\/em> unfavorable views of Russia, and a similar share (54%) have favorable views of Taiwan <em>and <\/em>unfavorable views of China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9814\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/10\/americans-see-both-russia-and-china-in-a-negative-light-but-more-call-russia-an-enemy\/sr_2023-05-10_russiachina_3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e7e9e6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e7e9e6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_3.png?resize=480,323 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_3.png?resize=782,525 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_3.png?resize=960,645 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_3.png?resize=1200,806 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_3.png?resize=1280,860 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"430\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/sr_2023.05.10_russiachina_3.png?w=640\" alt=\"Two charts that show many Americans have zero-sum opinions of Russia-Ukraine and China-Taiwan.\" class=\"wp-image-9814 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Older Americans are more likely than younger Americans to have these zero-sum opinions of Ukraine and Russia, as well as Taiwan and China. The same is true of people with higher levels of education compared with those with less education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pattern differs somewhat by party, however. Democrats and Republicans are about equally as likely to have positive views of Taiwan and negative views of China (56% vs. 56%). Yet Democrats are much more likely than Republicans to have favorable views of Ukraine and unfavorable views of Russia (73% vs. 48%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/PG_2023.04.12_U.S.-Views-China_TOPLINE.pdf\"><em>questions on U.S. views of China<\/em><\/a><em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/PG_2023.05.10_nato-russia-ukraine_TOPLINE.pdf\">views on Russia<\/a> used in this analysis, along with responses, and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/04\/12\/us-views-china-2023-methodology\/\"><em>its methodology<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>91% of Americans have unfavorable views of Russia and 83% have unfavorable views of China. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-05-10T13:59:06Z","apple_news_api_id":"b8691a2b-0c4e-4434-ab94-009602a58535","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-05-10T14:49:57Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AuGkaKwxORDSrlACWAqWFNQ","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[{"key":"_hwm77wvdm","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/22\/young-adults-in-europe-are-critical-of-the-u-s-and-china-but-for-different-reasons\/","postId":426598,"title":"Young Adults in Europe Are Critical of the U.S. and China \u2013 but for Different Reasons","date":"2023-03-22T09:56:55","label":"Report"},{"key":"_5xvwrjev5","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world\/","postId":426253,"title":"How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World","date":"2023-03-08T09:04:26","label":"Data Essay"}],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[{"key":"_yw6nhhyjb","termId":954},{"key":"_clgkzjhvu","termId":648},{"key":"_dbjch7nco","termId":591}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[119,117,26,88,25,71],"bylines":[591,954,648],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[507,506,516,514,505,508,515],"research-teams":[525],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-7966","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-china-global-image","category-global-image-of-countries","category-international-affairs","category-leaders","category-politics-policy","category-vladimir-putin","bylines-jordan-lippert","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-sneha-gubbala","formats-short-read","regions-countries-asia-pacific","regions-countries-china","regions-countries-europe-russia","regions-countries-international","regions-countries-multiple-regions-worldwide","regions-countries-russia","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-global"],"label":"Short Read","post_parent":0,"word_count":1093,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/10\/americans-see-both-russia-and-china-in-a-negative-light-but-more-call-russia-an-enemy\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":9816,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/SR_23.04.26_RussiaChinaComparison_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/SR_23.04.26_RussiaChinaComparison_feature-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping meet at the Kremlin in Moscow on March 21, 2023. (Xie Huanchi\/Xinhua via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":9816,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/SR_23.04.26_RussiaChinaComparison_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/SR_23.04.26_RussiaChinaComparison_feature-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping meet at the Kremlin in Moscow on March 21, 2023. 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