{"id":7906,"date":"2023-08-03T10:49:35","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T15:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/"},"modified":"2025-04-24T00:00:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T04:00:09","slug":"almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/03\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/","title":{"rendered":"Almost 1 in 5 stay-at-home parents in the U.S. are dads"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp?w=640\" alt=\"A stay-at-home dad in Falmouth, Maine, walks with his children, ages 5 and 9, after they were dropped off by the school bus. (Shawn Patrick Ouellette\/Portland Portland Press Herald via Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-433054\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A stay-at-home dad in Falmouth, Maine, walks with his children, ages 5 and 9, after they were dropped off by the school bus. (Shawn Patrick Ouellette\/Portland Press Herald via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to see how many mothers and fathers in the United States are not employed for pay and how stay-at-home parents are different from working parents. The analysis uses the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/saipe\/guidance\/model-input-data\/cpsasec.html\">Annual Social and Economic Supplement<\/a> (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey (CPS), which is conducted in March of every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Administered jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the CPS is a monthly survey of approximately <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/cps.html\">70,000 households<\/a>. It is the source of the nation\u2019s official statistics on unemployment. The ASEC survey typically features an expanded sample of about 95,000 households.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parents are people ages 18 to 69 who live with at least one of their own children (biological, step or adopted) younger than 18. Stay-at-home parents are those who were not employed for pay at all in the calendar year prior to the survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The population of stay-at-home fathers who are caring for home or family is relatively small, so we combined the 2020, 2021 and 2022 ASEC files to analyze their characteristics.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The share of parents in the United States who are not employed for pay has been fairly stable over the last five years. In 2021, 18% of parents didn\u2019t work for pay, which was unchanged from 2016, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data. The share who are stay-at-home parents differs between men and women: 26% of mothers and 7% of fathers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9177\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/03\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/sr_2023-08-02_stay-at-home_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"462\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?w=420\" alt=\"A trend chart with 3 lines showing the share of all parents, mothers and fathers who do not work outside the home from 1989 to 2021. The share rises during years of high unemployment but the share has not changed much for all parents and mothers. In 2021, 7% of fathers did not work outside the home, up from 4% in 1989.\" class=\"wp-image-9177 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=273,300 273w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=768,845 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=368,405 368w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=200,220 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=260,286 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=310,341 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=420,462 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=640,704 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=740,814 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=160,176 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_1.png?resize=320,352 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the past 30 years, the share of stay-at-home parents has fluctuated, rising during periods of higher unemployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-stay-at-home-dads-and-moms-compare\">How stay-at-home dads and moms compare<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between 1989 and 2021, the share of mothers who were not employed for pay decreased slightly, from 28% to 26%. Over the same span, the share of fathers who were not working increased from 4% to 7%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to these diverging trends, dads now represent 18% of stay-at-home parents, up from 11% in 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9182\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/03\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/sr_2023-08-02_stay-at-home_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f4f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f4f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"518\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?w=420\" alt=\"A set of line charts for fathers and mothers separately that depict the change in the share saying this is the reason why they did not work outside the home from 1989 to 2021. The five possible reasons shown are taking care of family, ill or disabled, retired, can\u2019t find work, and going to school. The share of mothers who stayed home in order to care for family declined from 86% in 1989 to 79% in 2021. Among dads, 23% stayed home to care for family in 2021, up from 4% in 1989. 34% of dads stayed home in 2021 due to illness or disability, down from 56% for this reason in 1989.\" class=\"wp-image-9182 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=243,300 243w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=768,947 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=830,1024 830w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=328,405 328w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=200,247 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=260,321 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=310,382 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=420,518 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=640,789 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=740,913 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=160,197 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_2.png?resize=320,395 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reasons mothers and fathers give for not working for pay differ significantly. In 2021, the vast majority of stay-at-home moms (79%) said they took care of the home or family. About one-in-ten (9%) said they were at home because they were ill or disabled, and smaller shares said they didn&#8217;t work because they were students, unable to find work or retired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stay-at-home dads cite more varied reasons for not working for pay. In 2021, 23% stayed home to care for the home or family. That is up from only 4% in 1989 but still well below the share of stay-at-home moms who said the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About one-third of stay-at-home dads (34%) were not working due to illness or disability, down from 56% in 1989. Some 13% were retired, 13% said they could not find work and 8% were going to school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"how-stay-at-home-dads-are-different-from-dads-who-work\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How stay-at-home dads are different from dads who work<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stay-at-home dads differ demographically from dads who work for pay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9186\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/03\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/sr_2023-08-02_stay-at-home_3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e1e3de\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e1e3de;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"442\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?w=420\" alt=\"A pair of bar charts depicting the education level and share in poverty of stay-at-home dads and dads working for pay. Working dads are about twice as likely as stay-at-home dads to have completed at least a bachelor\u2019s degree. About 5% of working dads live in poverty compared with 40% of stay-at-home dads.\" class=\"wp-image-9186 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=285,300 285w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=768,808 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=385,405 385w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=200,210 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=260,274 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=310,326 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=420,442 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=640,674 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=740,779 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=160,168 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/07\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_3.png?resize=320,337 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Education:<\/strong> Stay-at-home dads are less likely than dads working for pay to have completed at least a bachelor\u2019s degree. Some 22% of stay-at-home dads have this level of education, compared with 42% of dads who work for pay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Poverty: <\/strong>The families of stay-at-home dads tend to be less economically well-off than the families of dads who work for pay. Some 40% of stay-at-home dads live in poverty, compared with 5% of dads who work for pay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> Stay-at-home dads tend to be older than dads working for pay. Some 46% of stay-at-home dads are age 45 or older, compared with 35% of dads working for pay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Race and ethnicity:<\/strong> Stay-at-home dads are a more racially and ethnically diverse group than working dads. Half of dads who don\u2019t work for pay are non-Hispanic White. This compares with 60% of dads working for pay. Non-Hispanic Black fathers are a larger share of stay-at-home dads (18%) than they are of working dads (9%). Hispanic fathers are 21% of both stay-at-home and working fathers, and non-Hispanic Asian fathers are 7% of stay-at-home fathers and 8% of working fathers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marriage:<\/strong> Some 68% of stay-at-home dads are married, as are 85% of dads who work for pay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, stay-at-home dads who are taking care of the home or family differ in some ways from those who stay home for other reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Education:<\/strong> 27% of dads who stay home to care for family have a four-year college degree, while 21% of dads who stay home for other reasons do.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> A third of dads staying home to take care of family are age 45 or older, compared with half of those who are home for other reasons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marriage:<\/strong> 73%of dads who stay home to care for family are married, as are 66% of dads who are home for other reasons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: This is an update of a post originally published Sept. 24, 2018, written by former Senior Researcher Gretchen Livingston.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2021, 18% of parents didn\u2019t work for pay, which was unchanged from 2016, according to a new analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":386,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-08-03T14:49:50Z","apple_news_api_id":"0f177d62-7295-4369-9df8-fb355afaf6ad","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-08-07T16:46:32Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAg==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ADxd9YnKVQ2md-Ps1Wvr2rQ","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[222,221,215,228],"bylines":[984],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[519],"class_list":["post-7906","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-family-caregiving","category-household-structure-family-roles","category-motherhood-fatherhood","category-parenthood","bylines-richard-fry","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-social-trends"],"label":"Short Read","post_parent":0,"word_count":790,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/03\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":9219,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"A stay-at-home dad in Falmouth, Maine, walks with his children, ages 5 and 9, after they were dropped off by the school bus. (Shawn Patrick Ouellette\/Portland Portland Press Herald via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":9219,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"A stay-at-home dad in Falmouth, Maine, walks with his children, ages 5 and 9, after they were dropped off by the school bus. 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(Shawn Patrick Ouellette\/Portland Portland Press Herald via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":9219,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/08\/SR_2023.08.02_stay-at-home_feature-jpg.webp?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"A stay-at-home dad in Falmouth, Maine, walks with his children, ages 5 and 9, after they were dropped off by the school bus. 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