{"id":7880,"date":"2023-09-14T10:00:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T15:00:07","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:59:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:59:49","slug":"across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/","title":{"rendered":"Across U.S. religious groups, more see decline of marriage as negative than positive"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large numbers of Americans in many different religious groups express concern about fewer people getting married.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8904\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/sr_23-09-14_religion-and-family_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f0ef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_1.png?resize=480,611 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_1.png?resize=782,996 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_1.png?resize=840,1070 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"815\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_1.png?w=640\" alt=\"A chart showing that, across religious groups, there is more concern about the decline of marriage than about falling birth rates.\" class=\"wp-image-8904 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f0ef; width:420px\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By comparison, there is much less concern about people having fewer children. In fact, Catholics and members of the historically Black Protestant tradition are as likely to say that people having fewer children is <em>positive<\/em> for society as to say it is <em>negative<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These findings are drawn from a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/14\/public-has-mixed-views-on-the-modern-american-family\/\">new Pew Research Center survey<\/a> that also examines Americans\u2019 perceptions about what makes for a fulfilling life. For people in all of America\u2019s large religious groups, having an enjoyable job and good friends rank above being married and having children.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to better understand how people in the nation\u2019s largest religious groups view trends in marriage, fertility and family life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis is based on a survey of 5,073 U.S. adults conducted April 10-16, 2023. Everyone who took part is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. Address-based sampling ensures that nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">Read more about the ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/09\/ST_2023.09.14_Modern-Family_Topline.pdf\">questions used for this analysis, along with responses<\/a>, and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/14\/modern-family-2023-methodology\/\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"religion-and-views-about-the-decline-in-marriage\">Religion and views about the decline in marriage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8908\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/sr_23-09-14_religion-and-family_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebe8e4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_2.png?resize=480,1305 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_2.png?resize=620,1686 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_2.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Americans of different religions see decline in marriage as more negative than positive for future of U.S.\" class=\"wp-image-8908 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebe8e4; width:310px\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent decades, U.S. adults have been delaying marriage or increasingly forgoing it altogether, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/14\/the-modern-american-family\/\">Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evangelical Protestants express the most concern about the decline of marriage in the United States: 55% say that fewer people ever getting married will have a negative impact on the future of the U.S., while just 4% say it will have a positive impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But evangelicals are far from alone in taking a negative view of a decline in marriage: &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>42% of mainline Protestants say fewer people ever getting married will have a negative impact on the future of the country, versus just 7% who say this will be positive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>37% of Catholics say a decline in marriage will be negative, while just 6% say it will be positive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>34% of people in the historically Black Protestant tradition think fewer marriages will be bad for society, versus 14% who say this will be good.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20% of religiously unaffiliated adults say a decline of marriage will be negative, compared with 13% who say it will be positive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, large numbers in every religious group take a neutral view, saying that fewer people getting married is neither positive nor negative for society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concern about the decline of marriage in the U.S. appears in other questions in the Center\u2019s new survey. For example, by a margin of 4-1, Catholics say it will be more negative than positive if fewer children are raised by two married parents (48% vs. 12%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And on a question asking about more couples living together without being married, the balance of opinion is again more negative than positive in most religious groups. Religiously unaffiliated adults \u2013 those who say they are atheist, agnostic or religiously \u201cnothing in particular\u201d \u2013 are the only exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey included respondents of all religious backgrounds, including Jews, Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus. But there are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/08\/08\/why-pew-research-center-typically-cant-report-the-views-of-smaller-u-s-religious-groups\/\">not enough respondents from these smaller groups<\/a> to report on their answers separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"religion-and-views-about-the-decline-in-childbearing\">Religion and views about the decline in childbearing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8911\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/sr_23-09-14_religion-and-family_3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8e9e7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_3.png?resize=480,678 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_3.png?resize=620,876 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_3.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Catholics, Black Protestants evenly divided over impact of people having fewer children in U.S.\" class=\"wp-image-8911 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8e9e7; width:310px\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across all religious categories that can be analyzed in the survey, there is less concern about a decline in childbearing than about a decline in marriage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, members of the historically Black Protestant tradition and Catholics are evenly divided about the impact of people having fewer children. In each group, the share who say people having fewer children will be a good thing is about equal to the share saying this will be a bad thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among religious \u201cnones,\u201d far more say people having fewer children is <em>positive<\/em> for society (35%) than negative (19%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On balance, evangelical Protestants and mainline Protestants lean negative in their attitudes about people having fewer children. Still, they do so by a much narrower margin compared with their views about fewer people getting married.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8915\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/sr_23-09-14_religion-and-family_4-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e3e8e9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_4.png?resize=480,1006 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_4.png?resize=620,1300 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_4.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart that shows, across religious groups, Americans see people having fewer children as a plus for the environment, women's careers.\" class=\"wp-image-8915 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e3e8e9; width:310px\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/14\/the-modern-american-family\/\">Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census data<\/a> shows that compared with their counterparts in the 1970s, women today have fewer children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While attitudes about the decline in childbearing vary by religion, people across religious groups say having fewer children will be good for the environment and for women\u2019s careers.<br><br>Even evangelicals and mainline Protestants \u2013 the two groups who view having fewer children as more negative than positive \u2013 say the impact on the environment and women\u2019s careers will be more positive than negative if people have fewer children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, all religious groups acknowledge that fewer children could cause problems for the economy and the Social Security system. Evangelical Protestants and mainline Protestants are especially negative in their views about how having fewer children would affect the economy and Social Security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evangelicals also see the impact of fewer children as more negative than positive when it comes to the ability of family members to support each other. But members of the historically Black Protestant tradition, Catholics and religiously unaffiliated Americans aren\u2019t so sure. In all three of these groups, the balance of opinion favors the view that having fewer children is positive for families\u2019 ability to support each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8919\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/sr_23-09-14_religion-and-family_5-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e7e7e5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_5.png?resize=480,1301 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_5.png?resize=620,1680 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_5.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that more people in U.S. religious groups say having fewer children would hurt than help Social Security, economy.\" class=\"wp-image-8919 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e7e7e5; width:310px\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"religion-and-views-about-what-makes-for-a-fulfilling-life\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Religion and views about what makes for a fulfilling life<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey also asked Americans how important a variety of things are for people to live a fulfilling life. In every religious group analyzed, two-thirds or more say having a job or career they enjoy is extremely or very important for people to live a fulfilling life. And in most religious groups, majorities say having close friends is key to living a fulfilling life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By comparison, having children and being married ranks lower among all religious groups. For example, roughly three-in-ten adults in the country\u2019s largest Christian groups say having children is extremely or very important to living a fulfilling life, and just 14% of religious \u201cnones\u201d say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8922\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/14\/across-us-religious-groups-more-see-decline-of-marriage-as-negative-than-positive\/sr_23-09-14_religion-and-family_6-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eae3e2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_6.png?resize=480,255 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_6.png?resize=782,415 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_6.png?resize=960,510 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_6.png?resize=1200,638 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_6.png?resize=1280,680 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/SR_23.09.14_religion-and-family_6.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that, across U.S. religious groups, far more say having an enjoyable career and close friends are important to a fulfilling life than being married and having children.\" class=\"wp-image-8922 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eae3e2; width:640px\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey on American attitudes about the modern family was conducted April 10-16, 2023, among 5,073 participants in Pew Research Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP). The Center\u2019s report <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/14\/public-has-mixed-views-on-the-modern-american-family\/\">\u201cPublic Has Mixed Views on the Modern American Family\u201d<\/a> contains a complete summary of the survey\u2019s findings, including discussion of additional questions about the acceptability of different kinds of family arrangements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2023\/09\/ST_2023.09.14_Modern-Family_Topline.pdf\">questions used for this analysis, along with responses<\/a>, and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/14\/modern-family-2023-methodology\/\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Large numbers of Americans in many different religious groups express concern about fewer people getting 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