{"id":7835,"date":"2024-01-04T14:57:03","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T19:57:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:59:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:59:14","slug":"2023-saw-some-of-the-biggest-hardest-fought-labor-disputes-in-recent-decades","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/01\/04\/2023-saw-some-of-the-biggest-hardest-fought-labor-disputes-in-recent-decades\/","title":{"rendered":"2023 saw some of the biggest, hardest-fought labor disputes in recent decades"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"5a626c\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #5a626c;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?w=640\" alt=\"Workers in a SAG-AFTRA picket line at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, on Oct. 11, 2023. (Apu Gomes\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-9062 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=564,317 564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=1128,634 1128w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=690,388 690w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=268,151 268w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=536,302 536w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=194,110 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=148,84 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=296,168 296w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=720,405 720w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=200,113 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=260,146 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=310,174 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=740,416 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?resize=540,304 540w\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Workers in a SAG-AFTRA picket line at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, on Oct. 11, 2023. (Apu Gomes\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The nearly four-month <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/entertainment\/2023\/11\/08\/sag-strike-end-deal-actors\/\">actors\u2019 strike against major Hollywood production studios<\/a> in 2023 was the second-largest labor dispute in the United States in at least three decades, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of federal data through Nov. 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the time the strike by the Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) ended on Nov. 8, it had idled 160,000 workers for 82 workdays. That resulted in 13,120,000 \u201cdays idle,\u201d a metric that the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) uses to describe the impact of work stoppages.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Given the spate of high-profile labor disputes in 2023 and what\u2019s been reported as unions\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2023\/oct\/24\/us-unions-successes-contracts\">greater willingness to confront management<\/a>, we wanted to take a closer look at the history of labor actions in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our source for this analysis was the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/wsp\/\">database of \u201cmajor work stoppages,\u201d<\/a> which has summary figures starting in 1947 and detailed monthly information about individual stoppages since 1993. The agency defines as \u201cmajor\u201d any work stoppage that involves at least 1,000 workers and lasts at least one full shift during the work week. (The term \u201cwork stoppage\u201d encompasses both strikes by workers and lockouts by management. The workers involved may or may not be unionized.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unless the context indicates otherwise, all of the analyses in this post are based on stoppages <em>beginning<\/em> in a given calendar year, rather than all stoppages in effect during a calendar year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When calculating total days idled, the BLS counts only days that employees are normally scheduled to work (Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays) but don\u2019t work due to a stoppage. The agency adjusts its calculations if the number of workers involved changes during a stoppage.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 1993, when the BLS began keeping detailed monthly statistics on major work stoppages, the only labor dispute to have a greater impact was a strike over actors\u2019 pay for appearing in commercials by the then-separate SAG and AFTRA in 2000. (The two unions merged in 2012.) That strike, against the American Association of Advertising Agencies and the Association of National Advertisers, lasted nearly six months, resulting in 17.3 million days idle and, reportedly, <a href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2020\/tv\/news\/sag-aftra-strike-20-years-later-1234792060\/\">considerable bitterness and division among union members<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/01\/04\/2023-saw-some-of-the-biggest-hardest-fought-labor-disputes-in-recent-decades\/sr_24-01-04_workstoppages_2-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9059\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efefed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"744\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?w=640\" alt=\"A table showing the largest work stoppages since 1993.\" class=\"wp-image-9059 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efefed; width:640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=258,300 258w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=768,893 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=881,1024 881w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=348,405 348w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=200,233 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=260,302 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=310,360 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=420,488 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=640,744 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=740,860 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=160,186 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_2.png?resize=320,372 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the SAG-AFTRA strike, 2023 was the most active year overall for major labor disputes in more than two decades, according to our analysis of BLS data on major work stoppages. The BLS defines major stoppages as those involving 1,000 or more workers and lasting at least one full shift during the Monday-Friday work week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Through the end of November, 30 major stoppages had begun in 2023 \u2013 the most of any year since 2000. The 2023 stoppages involved a total of 464,410 workers, the second-most since 1986. And several of last year\u2019s stoppages lasted long enough to generate 16.7 million total days idle, more than any year since 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Besides the SAG-AFTRA strike, other significant stoppages last year included:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/entertainment-arts\/business\/story\/2023-05-01\/writers-strike-what-to-know-wga-guild-hollywood-productions\">Writers Guild strike<\/a> against the same group of production companies (11,500 workers idled for 102 workdays; 1,173,000 days idle)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/10\/30\/business\/gm-uaw-tentative-agreement\/index.html\">United Auto Workers strike<\/a> against Ford, General Motors, Mack Trucks and Stellantis (53,700 workers, 43 workdays, 925,900 days idle)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A strike by <a href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/health\/2023\/10\/kaiser-permanente-union-strikes-california-contract\/\">a coalition of unions against health care company Kaiser Permanente<\/a> (75,600 workers, three workdays, 226,800 days idle)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While 2023 stands out against the past few decades for its labor strife, it appears less turbulent if one goes back further in U.S. history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/01\/04\/2023-saw-some-of-the-biggest-hardest-fought-labor-disputes-in-recent-decades\/sr_24-01-04_workstoppages_1-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9055\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f1ea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"919\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?w=640\" alt=\"A trend chart showing major work stoppages, 1947-present.\" class=\"wp-image-9055 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f1ea; width:420px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=209,300 209w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=768,1103 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=713,1024 713w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=282,405 282w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=200,287 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=260,373 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=310,445 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=420,603 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=640,919 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=740,1062 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=160,230 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_1.png?resize=320,459 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 1947, the earliest year for which the BLS provides comparable annual data on major work stoppages, through the 1970s, the U.S. routinely experienced hundreds of stoppages a year. Hundreds of thousands or even millions of workers were involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The peak was arguably in 1952, when there were 470 major work stoppages involving more than 2.7 million workers. Those stoppages created 48.8 million days idle, the third-most on record. (The top year for days idle was 1959, with 60.9 million, but there were fewer major stoppages that year and fewer workers were involved.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether measured by raw numbers, workers involved or days idle, major work stoppages generally became less common after about 1980 \u2013 though not without occasional upsurges. The U.S. economy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/full\/10.1086\/700896\">grew away from its heavily unionized manufacturing sectors<\/a>, and the federal government under then-President Ronald Reagan turned <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/transcripts\/788002965\">hostile to organized labor<\/a>. In 2009, for instance, only five major work stoppages took place, involving a total of just 12,500 workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In more recent years, relatively few major stoppages have occurred in traditional manufacturing sectors. From January 2018 through November 2023, just 13 out of 122 major stoppages (11%) involved manufacturing. That compares with 77 out of 176 (44%) between 1993 and 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, major work stoppages in recent years have tended to occurr in two service sectors: education and health care. Nearly two-thirds (65%, or 79 out of 122) of all major stoppages that began between January 2018 and November 2023 were in those two sectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The information sector has also seen notable labor actions in recent years. For instance, before the SAG-AFTRA strikes, there was a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/31\/business\/verizon-reaches-tentative-deal-with-unions-to-end-strike.html\">six-week strike against Verizon in 2016<\/a> (36,500 workers involved, 1.2 million days idle) and a strike by 1,800 electrical workers against cable-television giant Charter Communications that started in 2017 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.laborpress.org\/union-gives-up-on-epic-charter-spectrum-strike\/\">lasted over five years<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The nearly four-month actors\u2019 strike against major Hollywood production studios was the second-largest labor dispute in the United States in at least three decades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2024-01-04T19:57:32Z","apple_news_api_id":"01c3e7f1-71fd-49d1-86ca-b337c20dfd21","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2024-01-04T19:57:32Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AAcPn8XH9SdGGyrM3wg39IQ","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[234,32,245,411],"bylines":[842],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[],"class_list":["post-7835","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-business-workplace","category-economy-work","category-employee-benefits","category-unions","bylines-drew-desilver","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states"],"label":"Short Read","post_parent":0,"word_count":839,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/01\/04\/2023-saw-some-of-the-biggest-hardest-fought-labor-disputes-in-recent-decades\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":9062,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/01\/SR_24.01.04_WorkStoppages_feature-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"Workers in a SAG-AFTRA picket line at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, on Oct. 11, 2023. 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