{"id":224549,"date":"2025-04-30T12:56:16","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T16:56:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?post_type=short-read&#038;p=224549"},"modified":"2025-04-30T13:32:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T17:32:55","slug":"are-children-better-off-when-one-parent-has-a-job-or-when-both-do-us-teens-differ-in-their-views","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/04\/30\/are-children-better-off-when-one-parent-has-a-job-or-when-both-do-us-teens-differ-in-their-views\/","title":{"rendered":"Are children better off when one parent has a job or when both do? U.S. teens differ in their views"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"726d6c\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #726d6c;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?resize=782,440 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?resize=960,540 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?resize=1280,720 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"A mom prepares a snack for her son while her husband works remotely from a home office. (Raquel Natalicchio\/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-225386 not-transparent\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A mom prepares a snack for her son while her husband works remotely from a home office. (Raquel Natalicchio\/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the United States, 43% of teenagers say children are better off when one parent doesn\u2019t have a job and focuses on the family. A larger share (57%) say children are just as well off when both of their parents have jobs, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/the-gender-gap-in-teen-experiences\/\">recent Pew Research Center survey of teens ages 13 to 17<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fall 2024 survey examined teens\u2019 views on a broad range of topics, including their <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/problems-teens-see-in-their-schools\/\">experiences at school<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/pressures-teens-are-facing\/\">pressures they face<\/a>, their <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/teens-friendships-and-emotional-support-networks\/\">friendships and support networks<\/a>, and their <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/teens-future-plans-and-goals\/\">future plans and goals<\/a>. On many of these topics, teen girls express different views from teen boys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-61b01db2 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>How we did this<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center asked teens about their views of mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 division of responsibilities as part of a broader survey on teens\u2019 lives and experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We surveyed 1,391 U.S. teens ages 13 to 17 from Sept. 18 to Oct. 10, 2024, through Ipsos. Ipsos recruited the teens via their parents, who were part of its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsos.com\/en-us\/solutions\/public-affairs\/knowledgepanel\">KnowledgePanel<\/a>. The KnowledgePanel is a probability-based web panel recruited primarily through national, random sampling of residential addresses. The survey was weighted to be representative of U.S. teens ages 13 to 17 who live with their parents by age, gender, race and ethnicity, household income, and other categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/03\/ST_2025.3.11_teens-and-gender_topline.pdf\">questions used for this analysis<\/a>, along with responses, and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/teens-and-gender-methodology\/\">survey methodology<\/a>\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research was reviewed and approved by an external institutional review board (IRB), Advarra, an independent committee of experts specializing in helping to protect the rights of research participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis also includes information from other Center surveys and analyses. Links to these sources are available in the text.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=224552\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6e6de\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1344\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_1.png?resize=480,1041 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_1.png?resize=620,1344 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_1.png?w=620\" alt=\"A diverging bar chart showing that a majority of U.S. teens say children are just as well off when both parents have jobs as when only one does.\" class=\"wp-image-224552 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6e6de; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By contrast, teen girls and boys do <em>not<\/em> differ significantly on whether it\u2019s better for one or both parents to have jobs. But teens\u2019 attitudes on this question vary by other demographic factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, 57% of teenagers in households that make less than $30,000 per year say children are better off when one parent doesn\u2019t have a job and focuses on the family. In contrast, 56% of teens in households making $30,000 to $74,999 and 59% in households making $75,000 or more say children are just as well off when both parents have jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teenagers who identify as Republican or lean toward the GOP are also more likely than those who identify as or lean Democratic to say children are better off if one parent doesn\u2019t have a job and focuses on the family (53% vs. 34%). In turn, Democratic teens are more likely than Republican teens to say children are equally well off when both parents have jobs (65% vs. 47%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are differences by race and ethnicity, too:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>White and Hispanic teens (46% each) are more likely than Black teens (22%) to say children are better off if one parent focuses on the family. (The sample size for Asian teens is too small to analyze their views separately.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Black teens (77%) are more likely than Hispanic (54%) and White (53%) teens to say children are just as well off if both parents have jobs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s important to note that the survey asked specifically about children with two parents. Many American children <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/12\/12\/u-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent\/\">live in single-parent households<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"is-it-better-if-a-mother-or-a-father-focuses-on-the-family\">Is it better if a mother or a father focuses on the family?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=224554\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d5dcd8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"932\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_2.png?resize=480,722 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_2.png?resize=620,932 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_2.png?w=620\" alt=\"A pie chart showing that, among teens who say it's best if one parent focuses on the family, most say it's better if that parent is the mother.\" class=\"wp-image-224554 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d5dcd8; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the subset of teens who say children are better off if one parent doesn\u2019t have a job, 61% say it\u2019s better for the mother to be the one who focuses on the family. Another 36% say it doesn\u2019t matter which parent focuses on the family, while only 3% say it\u2019s better for the father to do this. The survey asked specifically about children with a mother and a father to better understand teens\u2019 views of gender roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2021, 26% of mothers and 7% of fathers were stay-at-home parents, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/03\/almost-1-in-5-stay-at-home-parents-in-the-us-are-dads\/\">a Center analysis<\/a> of Census Bureau data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Republican teens are more likely than Democratic teens to say the mother should be the one who focuses on the family (66% vs. 52%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Again, there are no major differences by gender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-should-parents-share-responsibilities\">How should parents share responsibilities?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=224553\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ececea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_3.png?resize=480,501 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_3.png?resize=782,816 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_3.png?resize=840,876 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"667\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_3.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that most teens say mothers and fathers should share responsibility for several child care tasks.\" class=\"wp-image-224553 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ececea; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also asked teens whether mothers or fathers should be mostly responsible for certain child care tasks. Large majorities of teens say both parents should be <em>equally<\/em> responsible for several tasks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Playing or doing activities with children<\/strong> (83%)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disciplining children<\/strong> (78%)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Helping children with homework or other school assignments<\/strong> (74%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are only small gender differences in views of these tasks. For example, 82% of teen girls say both parents should be equally involved in disciplining children, compared with 75% of boys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More than half of teens also say some other tasks should be divided equally between mothers and fathers. But sizable shares say one parent should be mostly responsible for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Making money to pay the bills:<\/strong> 42% of teens say <em>fathers<\/em> should be mostly responsible for this, while only 2% say mothers should. Still, 56% say both parents should.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Taking care of children when they\u2019re sick:<\/strong> 43% say <em>mothers<\/em> should mostly do this, while just 1% say fathers should. Even so, a 55% majority say both parents should.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For these tasks, there are some notable differences based on teens\u2019 political identities. For example, Republican teens are more likely than Democratic teens to say fathers should be mostly responsible for making money (51% vs. 33%, respectively) and <em>less<\/em> likely to say both parents should be equally responsible (47% vs. 64%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teens do not differ by gender when it comes to which parent should be mostly responsible for making money. And they only differ slightly on which parent should take care of sick children, with teen girls more likely than teen boys to say both parents should do this (61% vs. 49%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-do-adults-think\">What do adults think?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fall 2024 survey sought to understand how <em>teens<\/em> view parents\u2019 roles in the household. But we also asked U.S. <em>adults<\/em> similar questions in <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religion-and-views-on-gender-parenting-and-workforce-participation\/\">a 2023-24 survey<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A majority of adults (55%) say children with two parents are better off when one parent focuses on the family \u2013 the opposite viewpoint that a majority of teens take. A smaller share of adults (43%) say children are just as well off when their parents work outside the home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the subset of adults who say it\u2019s better for children when one parent focuses on the family, 59% say it doesn\u2019t matter which parent does this, and 40% say it\u2019s best when the mother does this. This is again the reverse of what teens say, among those who say it\u2019s better when one parent focuses on the family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For more on what U.S. adults say about gender roles, read the related chapter of our report \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2024\/10\/17\/views-of-the-impact-of-changing-gender-roles\/\"><em>How Americans See Men and Masculinity<\/em><\/a><em>.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are&nbsp;the&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/03\/ST_2025.3.11_teens-and-gender_topline.pdf\"><em>questions used for this analysis<\/em><\/a><em>, along with responses, and the&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2025\/03\/13\/teens-and-gender-methodology\/\"><em>survey methodology<\/em><\/a><em>\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the U.S., 43% of teenagers say children are better off when one parent doesn\u2019t have a job and focuses on the family.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":225386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-04-30T16:56:36Z","apple_news_api_id":"c48d07fa-055b-44b2-be8c-a292aa65c880","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-04-30T17:33:22Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AxI0H-gVbRLK-jKKSqmXIgA","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[222,214,221,228,206],"bylines":[578],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[519],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-224549","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-family-caregiving","category-gender-roles","category-household-structure-family-roles","category-parenthood","category-teens-youth","bylines-jenn-hatfield","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-social-trends"],"label":"Short Read","post_parent":0,"word_count":1116,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/04\/30\/are-children-better-off-when-one-parent-has-a-job-or-when-both-do-us-teens-differ-in-their-views\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":225386,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/SR_25.04.29_teens-and-gender_featured.jpg?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"A mom prepares a snack for her son while her husband works remotely from a home office. 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