{"id":17617,"date":"2008-12-29T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2008-12-29T05:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/gay-marriage-at-the-ballot-box\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T03:43:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T08:43:06","slug":"gay-marriage-at-the-ballot-box","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2008\/12\/29\/gay-marriage-at-the-ballot-box\/","title":{"rendered":"Gay Marriage at the Ballot Box"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage through court action in 2003, 26 states have passed voter-approved constitutional bans on gay marriage, bringing the total number of states with voter-approved bans to 29. Prior to 2003, only Alaska, Nebraska and Nevada had passed constitutional amendments prohibiting the practice. Only Arizona, in 2006, has rejected a constitutional ban on gay marriage at the ballot box. However, like California and Florida, Arizona passed a ban this year. In addition to these constitutional amendments, legislatures in 42 states have passed laws limiting the legal definition of marriage to a union between a man and a woman. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/pubs\/1034\/gay-marriage-at-the-ballot-box\">Read More<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Twenty-nine states have passed voter-approved constitutional bans on gay marriage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"bylines":[791],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[],"class_list":["post-17617","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","bylines-pew-research-center-staff","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states"],"label":"Short 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