{"id":10859,"date":"2019-02-28T10:00:33","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T15:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/qa-why-and-how-we-expanded-our-american-trends-panel-to-play-a-bigger-role-in-our-u-s-surveys\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T03:12:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T08:12:46","slug":"qa-why-and-how-we-expanded-our-american-trends-panel-to-play-a-bigger-role-in-our-u-s-surveys","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/28\/qa-why-and-how-we-expanded-our-american-trends-panel-to-play-a-bigger-role-in-our-u-s-surveys\/","title":{"rendered":"Q&#038;A: Why and how we expanded our American Trends Panel to play a bigger role in our U.S. surveys"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the past five years, Pew Research Center has conducted surveys in the United States using our <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">American Trends Panel<\/a>, a randomly selected, probability-based sample of U.S. adults ages 18 and older. We recruit members of the panel offline, but once recruited, participants fill out our survey questionnaires online. (Those who don\u2019t have internet access can do so on <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2017\/12\/01\/first-time-internet-users-who-they-are-and-what-they-do-when-they-get-online\/\">internet-enabled tablets we provide to them<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The initial American Trends Panel was recruited in 2014 and had a little over 5,300 participants. After additional recruitments in 2015, 2017 and most recently in 2018, the panel has grown to more than 13,500 participants. It is now the Center\u2019s primary vehicle for conducting surveys in the U.S., with some important advantages over traditional telephone surveys, as a new report <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/2019\/02\/27\/growing-and-improving-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel\/\">explains in detail<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this Q&amp;A, Nick Bertoni, the manager of the American Trends Panel, shares more about how the panel works and, more broadly, what its recent expansion means for Pew Research Center\u2019s U.S. survey work.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"how-does-the-american-trends-panel-differ-from-other-kinds-of-polling\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How does the American Trends Panel differ from other kinds of polling?<\/h4>\n\n<figure><a href='https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"251\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?w=251\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium not-transparent\" alt=\"Buddhists older than world&#039;s overall population\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png 621w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=251,300 251w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=160,191 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=338,405 338w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=200,239 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=260,311 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=310,371 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/04\/FT_19.04.05_buddhismmedianAge310px@2x.png?resize=420,503 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"eaeceb\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eaeceb;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_311513\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-311513\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-311513\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.21_BertoniQA_headshot.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"284\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-311513\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Bertoni, manager of Pew Research Center&#8217;s American Trends Panel<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The panel comprises an online probability sample, which means that participants take surveys online and that panel members are randomly chosen using publicly available lists of all U.S. phone numbers or mailing addresses. Essentially, all adults in the U.S. have a known chance of being selected for our panel. That\u2019s different from <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2018\/08\/06\/what-are-nonprobability-surveys\/\">online nonprobability surveys<\/a> \u2013 sometimes called online opt-in samples \u2013 which are <em>not<\/em> probability-based because members are not randomly chosen from a list that covers the entire population.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Online probability samples like the American Trends Panel have become more common in the survey research world in recent years, particularly as response rates to traditional telephone surveys have declined. Our latest research shows that telephone response rates at Pew Research Center have <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/27\/response-rates-in-telephone-surveys-have-resumed-their-decline\/\">fallen to just 6%<\/a>, which means that it\u2019s become more difficult \u2013 and more expensive \u2013 to carry out traditional, random-digit-dial phone surveys.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><!--more--><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the decline in telephone response rates isn\u2019t the only reason for using an online probability sample. Using the American Trends Panel also lets us survey the same Americans more than once, rather than calling different people for each survey. That allows us to do certain kinds of longitudinal research \u2013 that is, study how the attitudes of the same survey respondents change over time. Last year, for example, we examined <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2018\/08\/09\/for-most-trump-voters-very-warm-feelings-for-him-endured\/\">how views of Donald Trump had changed<\/a> (or, in most cases, had not changed) among those who voted for him.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another advantage of the panel is that people sometimes give more honest answers to certain questions \u2013 especially sensitive questions on subjects like the respondent\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2017\/08\/04\/personal-finance-questions-elicit-slightly-different-answers-in-phone-surveys-than-online\/\">personal finances<\/a> \u2013 when they\u2019re answering them in self-administered, online surveys, as opposed to when they\u2019re talking to another person over the phone. That\u2019s what\u2019s known as a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/07\/phone-vs-online-surveys-why-do-respondents-answers-sometimes-differ-by-mode\/\">mode effect<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"why-did-you-decide-to-increase-the-size-of-the-panel\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why did you decide to increase the size of the panel?<\/h4>\n\n<blockquote class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>A larger panel means we can produce more precise estimates of the views and experiences of small groups in society because we have more of those kinds of people in the sample.\n<cite>Nick Bertoni<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There were many reasons. We knew we wanted the panel to play a bigger role in the Center\u2019s data collection and it needed to be bigger to do that well. Growing it not only allowed us to replace the people who drop out, but to add new people who haven\u2019t had the experience of doing a lot of interviews. A larger panel also means we can produce more precise estimates of the views and experiences of small groups in society because we have more of those kinds of people in the sample.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Having a bigger panel also means we can do surveys more frequently without contacting the same people too often. Many of our surveys have typically been based on interviews with around 1,500-2,500 people, so having a panel with more than 13,000 people means we can do surveys of that size more often without the same respondents feeling bombarded with frequent requests to be interviewed.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"how-did-you-go-about-expanding-the-panel\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How did you go about expanding the panel?<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/ft_19-02-28_atpqa_americantrendspanelrecruitmentsurveys\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ececec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ececec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"642\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" class=\"wp-image-21075 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png\" alt=\"American Trends Panel recruitment surveys\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=300,229 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=768,587 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=530,405 530w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=200,153 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=260,199 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=310,237 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=420,321 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=640,489 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=740,566 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=160,122 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/02\/FT_19.02.28_ATPQA_AmericanTrendsPanelrecruitmentsurveys.png?resize=320,245 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ve recruited new panelists a total of four times, including the first recruitment when we created the panel in 2014. The second was a phone recruitment effort in 2015 in which \u2013 as with the first recruitment \u2013 we invited Americans to join the panel at the end of a random-digit-dial telephone survey that dealt primarily with politics. We added about 3,000 new people in that recruitment.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third recruitment took place in 2017, again over the phone. But this time, we invited respondents at the end of a survey that had little political content. That\u2019s because we were concerned that again using a political survey might recruit proportionately too many people who are interested in politics. We added around 1,600 new participants during the third recruitment.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the 2018 recruitment, we shifted gears and recruited panelists using mailed invitations for the first time. We used what\u2019s known as address-based sampling, which just means drawing a random, representative sample of residential addresses included in a U.S. Postal Service database that covers about 97% of the U.S. population. Not only was the cost per panelist lower using this approach, the sign-up rate was much better: 94% of the people who completed our initial screening survey after receiving a mailed invitation joined the panel, compared with an average of about half of those who were recruited over the phone during our initial recruitment and two phone-based recruitments. This address-based recruitment brought more than 8,700 new people onto the panel.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, from our initial creation of the panel to our three subsequent recruitments \u2013 and with some panelists dropping out over time, as you might expect \u2013 we now have more than 13,500 active participants.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"does-the-expansion-of-the-american-trends-panel-mean-that-pew-research-center-is-no-longer-conducting-telephone-surveys\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does the expansion of the American Trends Panel mean that Pew Research Center is no longer conducting telephone surveys?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. The Center still conducts random-digit-dial phone surveys and we continue to have confidence in the data yielded by these surveys, despite the long-term decline in response rates. Our own research <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/2017\/05\/15\/what-low-response-rates-mean-for-telephone-surveys\/\">has shown<\/a>, in fact, that there\u2019s little relationship between telephone response rates and the accuracy of these surveys on most of the topics we study.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That said, as the public\u2019s communication preferences and habits evolve, there are real challenges associated with telephone survey work \u2013 most notably, the twin challenges of declining response rates and rising costs. It takes a lot more effort to get a completed interview by phone than it did just a few years ago. That makes it logical for the Center to rely more heavily on the American Trends Panel, particularly as we\u2019ve ramped it up in recent years and added so many more participants.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Related:<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Main report: <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/2019\/02\/27\/growing-and-improving-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel\/\">Growing and Improving Pew Research Center\u2019s American Trends Panel<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/27\/what-our-transition-to-online-polling-means-for-decades-of-phone-survey-trends\/\">What our transition to online polling means for decades of phone survey trends<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/27\/response-rates-in-telephone-surveys-have-resumed-their-decline\/\">Response rates in telephone surveys have resumed their decline<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nick Bertoni, manager of the American Trends Panel, explains how the panel works and what its recent expansion means for our future survey work. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":386,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[355,36,359,357],"bylines":[879],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[528],"class_list":["post-10859","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-american-trends-panel","category-methodological-research","category-nonprobability-surveys","category-survey-methods","bylines-john-gramlich","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-methods"],"label":"Short 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