{"id":10158,"date":"2020-03-02T13:00:07","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T18:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T14:04:57","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T18:04:57","slug":"how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/03\/02\/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump\/","title":{"rendered":"How border apprehensions, ICE arrests and deportations have changed under Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Donald Trump has long pushed for a tougher approach on illegal immigration, both on the U.S.-Mexico border and elsewhere in the country. As a candidate for president, Trump pledged to <a href=\"https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/build-wall-pledge-defining-trumps-presidency-204115726.html\">build a border wall<\/a> to reduce illegal crossings. And shortly after being elected, Trump said his administration <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/11\/13\/donald-trump-plans-to-immediately-deport-2-to-3-million-undocumented-immigrants\/\">would deport<\/a> as many as 3 million unauthorized immigrants with criminal records living in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So how has immigration enforcement changed under Trump? Here\u2019s a look at the data on three key measures \u2013 border apprehensions, interior arrests and deportations \u2013 based on the latest available full-year statistics from Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The analysis also includes data about how various immigration policies and agencies are perceived by the U.S. public, based on Pew Research Center surveys.<!--more--><\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With President Donald Trump\u2019s immigration policy changes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/02\/24\/us\/politics\/trump-border-legal-immigration.html\">in the news<\/a>, we wanted to examine how immigration enforcement has changed so far during his presidency, focusing on the two primary agencies tasked with apprehending unauthorized immigrants: Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This analysis is based on the most recent available full-year enforcement data from the two agencies, as well as data from the Department of Homeland Security, which encompasses both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to immigration enforcement statistics from the government, the analysis includes public opinion data from Pew Research Center surveys conducted online and on the phone in 2019. Links to these surveys \u2013 which include field dates, sample sizes and questions asked \u2013 are in the text of the analysis. Online and phone surveys conducted by the Center are weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by factors including gender, race, ethnicity and education.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"apprehensions-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\">Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/03\/02\/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump\/ft-20-02-24_trumpimmigrationenforcement_1\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ece9e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"900\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_1.png?resize=480,697 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_1.png?resize=620,900 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19032 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ece9e3; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The number of migrant apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border rose in fiscal 2019 to its <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/11\/01\/whats-happening-at-the-u-s-mexico-border-in-5-charts\/\">highest annual level in 12 years<\/a>. The 851,508 apprehensions recorded last fiscal year (October 2018-September 2019) were more than double the number the year before (396,579) but still well short of the levels in the early 2000s, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbp.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/documents\/2020-Jan\/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Fiscal%20Year%20Southwest%20Border%20Sector%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201960%20-%20FY%202019%29_0.pdf\">according to CBP<\/a>, the agency tasked with enforcing immigration laws at the border.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The increase in apprehensions has come as a growing number of migrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/2018\/national\/border-asylum-claims\/\">seek asylum<\/a>. The demographic profile of those crossing the border has changed, too: People traveling in families, not single adults, accounted for the majority of those apprehended last year (56%). And most of those apprehended were from the Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, which have struggled with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/central-americas-turbulent-northern-triangle\">violence and a lack of economic opportunities<\/a>. That represents a notable break from the 2000s and early 2010s, when Mexicans accounted for the vast majority of those apprehended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sharp rise in Central American families seeking asylum led to what CBP called a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbp.gov\/frontline\/border-crisis-cbp-s-response\">humanitarian and national security border crisis<\/a>.\u201d In response, the Trump administration has made <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/immigration\/trump-administration-moves-to-restrict-asylum-access-aiming-to-curb-central-american-migration\/2019\/07\/15\/f3360576-a704-11e9-9214-246e594de5d5_story.html\">far-reaching changes to asylum procedures<\/a> to discourage migrants from entering the U.S. along the southwest border. One prominent change is a policy known informally as \u201cRemain in Mexico,\u201d under which many asylum seekers at the southwest border <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/trump-administration-begins-returning-asylum-seekers-mexico-n964256\">wait in Mexico while their claims are adjudicated<\/a>. In the past, many migrants apprehended at the border waited in the U.S. \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/trac.syr.edu\/phptools\/immigration\/court_backlog\/apprep_backlog_avgdays.php\">for years<\/a>, on average \u2013 until their cases were resolved. (Last week, a federal appeals court in California <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/immigration\/trump-remain-in-mexico-halted-federal-court\/2020\/02\/28\/87bbf85e-e481-11e9-b403-f738899982d2_story.html\">halted the Remain in Mexico program<\/a>, and recent news reports have suggested that use of the program had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/immigration\/remain-in-mexico-deportation-asylum-guatemala\/2020\/02\/20\/9c29f53e-4eb7-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html\">declined anyway<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to public opinion, Americans see a variety of policy steps as important to addressing the situation at the border. In a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2019\/08\/12\/publics-priorities-for-u-s-asylum-policy-more-judges-for-cases-safe-conditions-for-migrants\/\">July 2019 Pew Research Center survey<\/a>, 86% of U.S. adults said it is very or somewhat important to increase the number of judges handling asylum cases, and 82% said it is important to provide safe and sanitary conditions for asylum seekers once they arrive in the country. At the same time, around three-quarters (74%) said it is very or somewhat important to reduce the number of people coming to the U.S. to seek asylum, while 69% said it is important to increase assistance to asylum seekers\u2019 home countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arrests-of-unauthorized-immigrants-in-the-country-s-interior\">Arrests of unauthorized immigrants in the country\u2019s interior<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/03\/02\/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump\/undefined-18\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f4f4f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1016\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/image_202653.png?resize=480,787 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/image_202653.png?resize=620,1016 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/image_202653.png\" alt=\"A attachment in the editor\" class=\"wp-image-179932 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f4f3; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While CBP enforces immigration laws at the border, ICE is tasked with apprehending unauthorized immigrants in the interior of the country. The number of interior arrests made by ICE (known as \u201cadministrative arrests\u201d) <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2018\/02\/08\/ice-arrests-went-up-in-2017-with-biggest-increases-in-florida-northern-texas-oklahoma\/\">rose 30% in fiscal 2017<\/a> after Trump signed an executive order giving the agency <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/01\/28\/politics\/donald-trump-immigration-detention-deportations-enforcement\/index.html\">broader authority to detain unauthorized immigrants<\/a>, including those without criminal records. They went up again in fiscal 2018 but decreased in fiscal 2019 and remain far lower than during President Barack Obama\u2019s first term in office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Document\/2019\/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">annual report detailing its operations<\/a>, ICE pointed to several factors to explain the decrease in interior arrests in fiscal 2019. Growing enforcement needs at the border \u201chave compromised ICE\u2019s ability to conduct enforcement in the interior,\u201d the agency said, noting that it reassigned about 350 officers to assist along the border. It also pointed to \u201cthe lack of cooperation from an increasing number of jurisdictions nationwide,\u201d a reference to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/01\/25\/politics\/sanctuary-cities-explained\/index.html\">sanctuary cities<\/a>\u201d that have policies in place to limit cooperation with federal immigration enforcement authorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the Trump administration, ICE has been criticized by Democrats, some of whom have called for the agency <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2018\/07\/02\/politics\/abolish-ice-democrats-list\/index.html\">to be abolished<\/a>. In a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2019\/10\/01\/public-expresses-favorable-views-of-a-number-of-federal-agencies\/\">September 2019 survey<\/a>, just 19% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents expressed a favorable view of the agency, compared with 70% among Republicans and GOP leaners. ICE was the only federal department or agency \u2013 out of 16 asked about in the survey \u2013 viewed more negatively than positively by the public (54% unfavorable view vs. 42% favorable).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deportations-of-unauthorized-immigrants\">Deportations of unauthorized immigrants<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/03\/02\/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump\/ft-20-02-24_trumpimmigrationenforcement_3\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f6f5f4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"974\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_3.png?resize=480,557 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_3.png?resize=782,907 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_3.png?resize=840,974 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19036 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f6f5f4; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unauthorized immigrants who are apprehended at the border or in the country\u2019s interior can face deportation, known formally as \u201cremoval.\u201d Both CBP and ICE carry out removals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In fiscal 2018 \u2013 the most recent year for which complete data is available \u2013 CBP and ICE together carried out 337,287 removals of unauthorized immigrants, a 17% increase from the previous year, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/immigration-statistics\/yearbook\/2018\/table39\">according to the Department of Homeland Security<\/a>. But removals remained below the levels recorded during much of the Obama administration, including a three-year period between fiscal 2012 and 2014 when there were more than 400,000 per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ICE, which handles the majority of deportations, said in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Document\/2019\/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">most recent year-end report<\/a> that its removal operations have encountered several challenges, including a growing backlog of cases in the immigration courts and \u201cjudicial and legislative constraints\u201d that make it difficult to deport minors and family members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A little over half of Americans (54%) said in a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/11\/12\/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties\/\">September 2019 Pew Research Center survey<\/a> that increasing deportations of those in the country illegally is a very or somewhat important immigration policy goal. But these views were sharply divided by party: Around eight-in-ten Republicans and Republican-leaning independents (83%) said increasing deportations is very or somewhat important, compared with only around three-in-ten Democrats and Democratic leaners (31%). And increasing deportations ranked lower on the public\u2019s priority list than some other steps, such as increasing security along the U.S.-Mexico border and establishing a way for immigrants living in the U.S. illegally to stay in the country legally.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How has immigration enforcement changed under Trump? Here\u2019s a look at the data on border apprehensions, interior arrests and deportations. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":459,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[385,68,38,379],"bylines":[879],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[529,520],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-10158","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","hentry","category-border-security-enforcement","category-donald-trump","category-political-issues","category-unauthorized-immigration","bylines-john-gramlich","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-global-migration-and-demography","research-teams-politics"],"label":"Short Read","post_parent":0,"word_count":1180,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/03\/02\/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":19045,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":19045,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":19045,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":19045,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":19045,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":19045,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/03\/FT-20.02.24_TrumpImmigrationEnforcement_feature_crop.png?w=828&h=467&crop=1","width":828,"height":467,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[],"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Border apprehensions, ICE arrests and deportations under Trump","description":"How has immigration enforcement changed under Trump? 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