{"id":10004,"date":"2020-06-10T10:00:17","date_gmt":"2020-06-10T15:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/"},"modified":"2024-10-21T13:04:37","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T17:04:37","slug":"a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/","title":{"rendered":"A majority of Americans say immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"1f5175\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #1f5175;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/FT_20.06.08_Immigrants_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?resize=480,240 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/FT_20.06.08_Immigrants_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?resize=782,391 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/FT_20.06.08_Immigrants_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?resize=960,480 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/FT_20.06.08_Immigrants_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?resize=1200,600 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/FT_20.06.08_Immigrants_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?resize=1280,640 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"320\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/FT_20.06.08_Immigrants_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=640\" alt=\"(Olivier DOULIERY\/AFP via Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-18249 not-transparent\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Olivier DOULIERY\/AFP via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: For the most recent data on this topic, read our <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/10\/21\/most-us-voters-say-immigrants-no-matter-their-legal-status-mostly-take-jobs-citizens-dont-want\/\">October 2024 post<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans generally agree that immigrants \u2013 whether undocumented or living legally in the country \u2013 mostly do not work in jobs that U.S. citizens want, with a majority saying so across racial and ethnic groups and among both political parties. This is particularly true when it comes to undocumented immigrants. About three-quarters of adults (77%) say undocumented immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens <em>do not<\/em> want, while 21% say undocumented immigrants fill jobs U.S. citizens would like to have, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted April 29 to May 5.<!--more--><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_01\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eee7e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1004\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_01.png?resize=480,377 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_01.png?resize=782,613 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_01.png?resize=960,753 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_01.png?resize=1200,941 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_01.png?resize=1280,1004 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_01.png\" alt=\"About three-quarters of Americans say undocumented immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want; a lower share say the same about legal immigrants\" class=\"wp-image-18245 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eee7e1; width:640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hispanics (88%) are most likely to say undocumented immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want, with more Hispanic immigrants than U.S.-born Hispanics saying so (94% vs. 82%). By comparison, similar shares of white (75%) and black (71%) adults say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The findings are little changed from August 2019, when <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2019\/08\/12\/publics-priorities-for-u-s-asylum-policy-more-judges-for-cases-safe-conditions-for-migrants\/#most-say-undocumented-immigrants-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-dont-want\">77% of U.S. adults<\/a> said undocumented immigrants fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want. They come amid <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/900aa1955a82b7bbe2e028a8bc1a4be7\">mounting job losses<\/a> across the nation <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topics\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/\">during the COVID-19 outbreak<\/a>. The U.S. unemployment rate soared to 14.7% in April, up from 4.4% in March, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/empsit.nr0.htm\">highest monthly rate<\/a> since 1948. In May, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/archives\/empsit_06052020.htm\">was 13.3%<\/a>. The Center\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/05\/20\/americans-favor-medical-care-but-not-economic-aid-for-undocumented-immigrants-affected-by-covid-19\/\">April-May survey found<\/a> most Americans say the federal government does not have a responsibility to provide economic help to undocumented immigrants who have lost their job due to the outbreak.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To examine the public\u2019s attitudes on whether immigrants hold jobs that U.S. citizens would want, we surveyed 10,957 U.S. adults from April 29 to May 5, 2020. Everyone who took part is a member of Pew Research Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>. Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/W67-Topline_revised.pdf\">the questions used<\/a> for this report, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/states-on-COVID-methodology_CHECKED.pdf\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estimates of the U.S. unauthorized immigrant population and workforce are based on augmented 2017 American Community Survey data. A detailed explanation of the methodology used for the unauthorized immigrant population can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/hispanic\/2018\/11\/27\/unauthorized-immigration-estimate-methodology\/\">here<\/a>, and answers to frequently asked questions can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/07\/12\/how-pew-research-center-counts-unauthorized-immigrants-in-us\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For workforce estimates, \u201cindustry\u201d refers to the kind of business conducted by an employing organization, while \u201coccupation\u201d refers to the kind of work people do on the job. More information on how industry and occupation categories were grouped for this analysis can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/jobs-ind-occ-methodology.pdf\">here<\/a>; the Census Bureau\u2019s industry and occupation categories can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/topics\/employment\/industry-occupation.html\">here<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the biggest differences in views of whether undocumented immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want are along party lines. The vast majority of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents (87%) say this, compared with 66% of Republicans and Republican leaners. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/05\/20\/americans-favor-medical-care-but-not-economic-aid-for-undocumented-immigrants-affected-by-covid-19\/\">partisan differences are significantly wider<\/a> on other issues related to undocumented immigrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Differences also exist by educational attainment. Large shares of U.S. adults with a postgraduate degree (88%) and those with a bachelor\u2019s degree (84%) say undocumented immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want, compared with 78% of those with some college experience and 69% of those with a high school diploma or less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A majority of Americans across various groups also say <em>legal<\/em> immigrants currently in the country mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of Americans say this, including similar shares of white and black adults (62% each). About three-quarters of Hispanics (74%) say the same, with a higher share of Hispanic immigrants (81%) than U.S.-born Hispanics (68%) saying so. About 70% of the nation\u2019s 42 million Hispanic adults have close immigrant connections \u2013 roughly 19 million are immigrants themselves, and almost 10 million born in the United States have at least one parent who is an immigrant, according to estimates from 2019 and 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/datasets\/time-series\/demo\/cps\/cps-basic.html\">Current Population Survey data<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many immigrants living legally in the U.S. hold jobs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/immigrant-work-coronavirus-nurses-health-care-744f5229-6381-4ac2-9f53-ef0a78e0489e.html\">deemed essential<\/a> by the federal government, including an estimated 2.7 million who worked in the health care sector, or nearly 15% of all health care workers as of 2017, the most recent year for which Center estimates on both legal and unauthorized immigrant populations are available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"unauthorized-immigrant-workers-in-the-u-s\">Unauthorized immigrant workers in the U.S.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_02\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9e6e2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"858\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_02.png?resize=480,490 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_02.png?resize=782,799 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_02.png?resize=840,858 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_02.png\" alt=\"Unauthorized immigrants account for nearly a tenth of all U.S. workers in food industries\" class=\"wp-image-18238 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9e6e2; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An estimated 7.6 million undocumented (or unauthorized) immigrants worked in the U.S. as of 2017 \u2013 down from a peak of 8.3 million in 2008 \u2013 accounting for nearly 5% of all U.S. workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About 750,000 unauthorized immigrants held jobs in industries that produce and distribute food \u2013 food production (290,000), food processing (210,000), food retail (170,000) and food distribution (70,000). During the COVID-19 outbreak, these industries, considered part of the nation\u2019s food supply chain, are considered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/CISA-Guidance-on-Essential-Critical-Infrastructure-Workers-1-20-508c.pdf\">essential jobs<\/a>. Unauthorized immigrants in these four industry groups accounted for more than 9% of workers in these food sectors in 2017, nearly double their share among all U.S. workers. Together, legal and unauthorized immigrants made up nearly a quarter (23%) of the nation\u2019s nearly 8.2 million workers in food industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many undocumented immigrants work in industries that are at risk for job loss during the current coronavirus outbreak because they hold positions that are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/05\/06\/telework-may-save-u-s-jobs-in-covid-19-downturn-especially-among-college-graduates\/\">difficult to perform remotely<\/a>. In all, 84% of undocumented immigrant workers held such jobs in 2017, including those in the service sector (2.3 million workers) and construction sector (1.3 million workers). By comparison, 62% of U.S. workers held these types of jobs. Much of the difference between these groups is due to undocumented immigrants\u2019 jobs being more difficult to telework, even if the job is in an industry, like education and health, where large shares can work remotely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Trump administration has largely <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/immigrant-suspension-coronavirus-trump-ban-89932a21-b4ac-48db-a758-8ecf50d43ed3.html\">halted legal immigration<\/a> to the U.S. in recent months, though it has temporarily changed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollcall.com\/2020\/05\/13\/federal-agency-gives-meatpackers-room-to-hire-h-2b-workers\/\">visa rules for foreign guest workers<\/a> to make it easier for them to remain employed at meat processing plants and other food and agriculture jobs. Although unauthorized immigration has slowed in recent years, this spring\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/05\/19\/with-u-s-mexico-border-closed-migrant-apprehensions-fell-by-nearly-half-in-april\/\">steep drop<\/a> in apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border could be a sign that unauthorized immigration into the U.S. has slowed further during the outbreak.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"detailed-tables-legal-and-unauthorized-immigrant-workers-by-state\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;detailed-tables-legal-and-unauthorized-immigrant-workers-by-state&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Detailed tables: Legal and unauthorized immigrant workers by state<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_newtable3\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f3f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f3f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1442\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable3.png?resize=480,541 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable3.png?resize=782,881 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable3.png?resize=960,1082 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable3.png?resize=1200,1352 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable3.png?resize=1280,1442 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18287 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_newtable4\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1434\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable4.png?resize=480,538 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable4.png?resize=782,876 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable4.png?resize=960,1076 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable4.png?resize=1200,1344 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable4.png?resize=1280,1434 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18281 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">California had about 6.7 million immigrant workers as of 2017, the most in the nation, which account for nearly a quarter of all U.S. immigrant workers. The state had 5.2 million legal immigrant workers (24% of all U.S. legal immigrant workers) and 1.5 million unauthorized immigrant workers (20% of all U.S. unauthorized immigrant workers). Texas had the next largest immigrant workforce, with 2.1 million legal immigrant workers and 1.1 million unauthorized immigrant workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In California, about 570,000 immigrants held jobs in food production and distribution industries that make up the nation\u2019s food chain, the most in the nation as of 2017. They account for about half of the state\u2019s workers in these industries \u2013 33% are legal immigrants and 17% are unauthorized immigrants. In Texas, 170,000 immigrants work in food industries, the next highest total. They are 28% of the state\u2019s food workers \u2013 17% are legal immigrants and 11% are unauthorized immigrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"industries-and-occupations-of-u-s-legal-and-unauthorized-immigrants\">Industries and occupations of U.S. legal and unauthorized immigrants<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_03\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eae8e6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"842\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_03.png?resize=480,481 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_03.png?resize=782,784 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_03.png?resize=840,842 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_03.png\" alt=\"Legal and unauthorized immigrants make up a significant share of workers in some industries\" class=\"wp-image-18234 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eae8e6; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unauthorized immigrants accounted for nearly 5% of the U.S. workforce in 2017, while legal immigrants accounted for nearly 13% of workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among industries, which refer to the kind of business conducted by an employer, immigrants accounted for more than a quarter of workers in the agriculture sector, the highest of any industry. Unauthorized immigrants (14%) and legal immigrants (15%) accounted for similar shares of agriculture workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compared with their share of the U.S. workforce, a relatively high share of unauthorized immigrants also worked in industries such as construction (12%), leisure and hospitality (8%), personal and other services (7%) and manufacturing (6%). While the share of U.S. legal immigrants in construction (13%) was similar to the unauthorized share, legal immigrants made up a higher share of workers in personal and other services (15%), manufacturing (14%) and leisure and hospitality (12%).<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"detailed-tables-industry-and-occupation-groups\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;detailed-tables-industry-and-occupation-groups&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Detailed tables: Industry and occupation groups<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_newtable1\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ededed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ededed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1628\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable1.png?resize=480,611 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable1.png?resize=782,995 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable1.png?resize=960,1221 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable1.png?resize=1200,1526 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable1.png?resize=1280,1628 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18301 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_newtable2\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ececec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ececec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1456\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable2.png?resize=480,546 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable2.png?resize=782,890 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable2.png?resize=960,1092 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable2.png?resize=1200,1365 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable2.png?resize=1280,1456 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_newtable2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18291 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/06\/10\/a-majority-of-americans-say-immigrants-mostly-fill-jobs-u-s-citizens-do-not-want\/ft_2020-06-10_unauthorized_04\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e7e3e0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"796\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_04.png?resize=480,455 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_04.png?resize=782,741 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_04.png?resize=840,796 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/06\/ft_2020.06.10_unauthorized_04.png\" alt=\"Legal and unauthorized immigrants make up a significant share of workers in some occupations\" class=\"wp-image-18225 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e7e3e0; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among occupations, which refer to the kind of work people do on the job, immigrants have the largest presence in farming, where unauthorized (22%) and legal immigrants (21%) accounted for more than four-in-ten workers as of 2017. In construction jobs, unauthorized immigrants were 15% of all workers, more than three times their share among all U.S. workers. By contrast, legal immigrants accounted for 13% of workers in construction, similar to their share among workers overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compared with their share of the overall U.S. workforce, unauthorized immigrants had a larger presence in production (8%), service (8%) and transportation and material moving (6%). Meanwhile, the share of legal immigrants in these occupations was similar to their share among the U.S. workforce overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/jobs-topline-W67.pdf\">the questions used<\/a><\/em><em> for this report, along with responses, and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/states-on-COVID-methodology_CHECKED.pdf\"><em>its methodology<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About three-quarters of U.S. adults say undocumented immigrants mostly fill jobs U.S. citizens do not want.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":584,"featured_media":18249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"relatedPosts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[32,137,379,442,246],"bylines":[979,629,929],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[529],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-10004","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy-work","category-immigration-economy","category-unauthorized-immigration","category-unemployment-2","category-unemployment-1","bylines-jeffrey-s-passel","bylines-jens-manuel-krogstad","bylines-mark-hugo-lopez","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-global-migration-and-demography"],"label":"Short 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