Nashville\u2019s business community has been active, if not wildly successful, in attempting to catch the wave of dot.com riches in the New Economy.\u00a0 Nashville\u2019s economy is service oriented, with health care and country music being the region\u2019s dominant and highest profile business sectors.[10.numoffset=”10″ The major technology employer in the area is Dell Computers, which in 1999 established a manufacturing facility just outside Nashville. While it created jobs, the location of the facility has more to do with Nashville\u2019s natural location as a distribution center (80% of the continental United States is reachable in a day by ground freight) than with the area\u2019s technology resources.] The city also has traditionally had an entrepreneurial spirit, and a number of Internet start-up companies have cropped up in the past several years.\u00a0 These companies have not generated the Internet riches through initial public offerings that might set off a cycle of dot-com start-ups in Nashville. But business leaders in Nashville are hopeful of a huge dot-com success, particularly in the online health care business.\u00a0 To set the stage, business leaders have established a technology council within the Chamber of Commerce and launched a private-sector dot-com incubator. They are developing an \u201curban technology district\u201d and are in the early stages of establishing a network of angel financiers for start-ups.\u00a0 However, as has been the case around the country, the recent shakeout in the dot-com world has restricted the flow of capital to Internet start-ups in Nashville.<\/p>\n\n
On the social side, the city until recently has been slow in using the Internet to reach out to neighborhoods (low-income and otherwise) and to improve delivery of public services.\u00a0 But new leadership in the metropolitan government has adopted an activist posture toward using the Internet for community and public purposes.\u00a0 Nashville\u2019s new mayor, Bill Purcell, took office in 1999 and ran on a platform of doing more to reach out to neighborhood groups\u2014an outreach effort that will include use of the Internet.\u00a0 As for bottom-up initiatives by citizens to use the Internet for social purposes, Nashville received a huge boost when it received a $477,000 grant from the U.S. Commerce Department\u2019s TOP program for a community online project explicitly designed to enhance civic participation in the Nashville area.\u00a0 Citizen activists were the driving forces behind the application, although the grant recipient is the Metro Nashville-Davidson County Planning Department.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n
Nashville has a distinctive system of government dating to 1963, when the governments of the city of Nashville and Davidson County were combined.\u00a0 The result is the Metro Nashville-Davidson County government in the region, a 533-square-mile area in Middle Tennessee that is known simply as Metro.\u00a0 The expansive nature of the region\u2019s government\u2014embracing rural and urban areas\u2014has led to some special problems when it comes to compatibility of information systems and distribution of public information.<\/p>\n\n
i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Information Technology in Nashville: Raising the Grade<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n Metro officials in Nashville were jolted in February 2000 when Governing Magazine\u2019s <\/i>Government Performance Project gave a D+ grade in information technology in the context of an otherwise solid rating for Metro Nashville Davidson government.\u00a0 The poor grade was attributed to a patchwork of old and rarely compatible computer systems, some with hardware dating to the 1970s that made impossible simple tasks such as sharing files across departments.\u00a0 Because of the poor information system, and also because of the culture of Metro government, Metro departments see themselves as a collection of separate enterprises, not a single entity.\u00a0 This means that agencies\u2019 Web sites have very different looks and almost no interactive or transactional capabilities.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n Mayor Purcell has made upgrading information technology a priority.\u00a0 Upon assuming office, he brought in a new director of Information Systems, Richard McKinney, to improve networks citywide and to make delivery of city services more Web-friendly.\u00a0 Mayor Purcell, according to McKinney, hopes that a major overhaul of the city\u2019s information system can help fundamentally reform Nashville government and improve services for citizens.\u00a0 In terms of Web page design, McKinney wants Nashville to move away from pages that do little more than display organization charts to pages that post meaningful information to citizens. <\/p>\n\n Exactly when that might occur hinges on bandwidth.\u00a0 The Metro government last negotiated a cable franchise in 1995 with Intermedia.\u00a0 However, AT&T acquired Intermedia last year, which will result in a transfer of the franchise to AT&T and a formal reopening of franchise negotiations.\u00a0 Metro\u2019s Information Services department wants to use these negotiations to build Metro an institutional network, or I-Net, providing \u201cbureaucrat to bureaucrat\u201d communication within Metro government.\u00a0 As AT&T upgrades Intermedia\u2019s cable network with fiber-optic cable, Metro hopes to have two strands of fiber set aside for government use and have the company provide \u201cdrops,\u201d or technical links, to Metro facilities.\u00a0 This would include government buildings as well as community centers.\u00a0 The Information Systems department was in the midst of these negotiations in the Fall of 2000; even if it is successful, it will take time to complete the upgrade and run fiber to Metro facilities.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n Because of the antiquated information system, use of the Internet by Metro departments is mixed.\u00a0 The public library receives high marks; its catalog is online, and the library system provides Internet access city wide with many public access terminals.\u00a0 By contrast, the Metropolitan Development and Housing Agency has been slow to integrate the Internet into its operations.\u00a0 In fact, there is little evidence that the agency has given much thought to how the Internet might improve delivery of services to residents of affordable housing or how Internet use by clients might improve their lives. \u00a0The primary initiative in Nashville to provide Internet and computer training in low-income housing units is a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Neighborhood Network at the Cayce-CWA public housing development.\u00a0 Cayce-CWA has a new computer lab, with 15 computers with high-speed connections to the Internet and Internet training provided to parents and kids. <\/p>\n\n ii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Designing a Community Online<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n The upgrade of city information technology is occurring at the same time as citizen activists have been clamoring to use communications networks to link neighborhoods together with each other and Metro government.\u00a0 Historically, neighborhoods in Nashville have not had their voices heard in city politics.\u00a0 Part of this is due to lack of organization.\u00a0 Fifteen years ago, only about a half dozen neighborhood groups existed in the city, and they had a difficult time being recognized as legitimate groups by Metro government.\u00a0 The number of neighborhood groups has swelled to nearly 200 in recent years, but these groups still feel that Metro government has not always been receptive to their concerns.<\/p>\n\n Much of this changed with the election of Mayor Purcell in 1999.\u00a0 Purcell ran on a platform of welcoming neighborhood groups into Metro government\u2019s decision-making processes.\u00a0 Partly because of this, he won a resounding victory.\u00a0 Among his earliest acts was to create an Office of Neighborhoods to coordinate with Nashville\u2019s numerous neighborhood groups.\u00a0 Soon thereafter, Purcell appointed a new director of Metro\u2019s Planning Department, Rick Bernhardt, who has committed to encouraging greater citizen and neighborhood-group participation in planning decisions.\u00a0 Part of Bernhardt\u2019s agenda is to promote \u201cNew Urbanism\u201d in Nashville, an urban design movement that favors dense downtown growth and neighborhood development to urban sprawl.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n The Internet is not going to be the sole ingredient in Nashville\u2019s revival of dialogue between government and neighborhoods, but it is certainly envisioned as part of the picture.\u00a0 Working with the Nashville Neighborhood Alliance, the Metro Planning Department won a $477,000 federal grant from TOP program for its \u201cDesigning a Community Online\u201d project.\u00a0 Adding in-kind contributions from Metro Planning, the total cost of the project is $1,153,000. \u00a0The name of the project implies that the Internet will be a tool to enhance community life, not a means to move community interaction from the physical world to cyberspace.\u00a0 The TOP grant application identifies a number of barriers to public participation and civic engagement and proposes to use the Internet to address them.\u00a0 Among the problems the application identifies are:<\/p>\n\n To address these problems, the TOP project proposes a two-fold strategy of assembling Metro content in user-friendly ways and increasing the number of public access sites throughout the Metro area.\u00a0 The project will put the following kinds of information online for the public: crime, land (e.g., floodplains, topography), historic properties and sale values, development plans, street plans, public transportation, population, and a variety of resources for the neighborhoods (boundaries, contact information, community-based social services).\u00a0 The goal is to make this information visually appealing, searchable by census tract, and available to citizens in different languages using language-translation software. <\/p>\n\n The project aspires not only to add to the amount of available public information in Nashville, but also to stimulate additional participation in civic affairs.\u00a0 To do this, it proposes to use geographical information systems (GIS) and other sophisticated software tools to promote dialog between citizens and Metro.\u00a0 For example, using GIS tools, the Planning Department will create interactive maps so citizens can see where zoning changes will occur or where subdivisions are planned.\u00a0 This software will enable the Planning Department to administer online surveys to assess citizens\u2019 views on development decisions.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n Another application is the Visual Preference Survey (VPS), which displays pictures of alternative development possibilities online. Citizens can then register their preference. Usually, administering visual preference surveys requires a public meeting on a weekend at which city planners show alternatives on large poster boards or on overhead projectors.\u00a0 Turnout can be low, and people with busy weekend schedules rarely attend. <\/p>\n\n As for public access, the grant proposes to purchase 75 computers, all connected to the Internet, and place them in 53 neighborhood and ethnic-based organizations in the Nashville area.\u00a0 The Neighborhoods Resource Center will partner with other educational entities to train people at the neighborhood sites on how to use the Internet and navigate the new public information on the Metro Web site.\u00a0 This initiative is not a home-based or community Internet access project.\u00a0 Rather, the hope is that people in the neighborhood centers will serve essentially as Internet evangelists for individuals in their community.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n The \u201cDesigning Community Online\u201d project is very ambitious in scope, as it tries to simultaneously address government content and community connectivity\u2014all from a $477,000 cash grant from the U.S. Commerce Department and an additional $700,000 in resources from Metro Planning.\u00a0 At best, the project is a modest first step for Nashville, but an indispensable one nonetheless.\u00a0 As Metro Planning and the Council of Community Services recognize, the project itself is an innovation for Nashville.\u00a0 Its benefits will come not just from additional electronic communication, but also from bringing together disparate community actors to plan Nashville\u2019s Internet future.<\/p>\n\n iii.\u00a0\u00a0 Arts and the New Media<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n With its country music scene, large university population, and cultural reputation as \u201cthe Athens of the South,\u201d Nashville has a large and diverse artistic community.\u00a0 Nashville is attempting to exploit these advantages to promote local artists and to translate Nashville\u2019s artistic creativity into dot-com businesses.<\/p>\n\n The Metro Arts Commission has undertaken an inexpensive project that tries to expand the sales of the wares of Nashville artists. At the initiative of Richard Mitchell, a local artist and Arts Commission volunteer, the Commission provides space on its Web page for artists to post pictures of their work.\u00a0 Artists pay $12 to submit three slides to be scanned onto the page, and then their name and contact information are posted.\u00a0 This opens their work up to a much wider audience; in fact, a number of artists have made Web sales to people far away from Nashville. Some artists have still declined to participate.<\/p>\n\n Another foray into linking the creative community with Internet business ideas is the Nashville Internet and New Media Association (NINMA), a loose affiliation of entrepreneurs founded in late 1999.\u00a0 NINMA\u2019s mission is to \u201ceducate and expand the Nashville Internet community, as well as give the Internet community a place to gather and discuss issues.\u201d\u00a0 The association\u2019s membership divides itself into committees oriented toward business services that an Internet entrepreneur might need, such as help with sales and marketing, legal and financial services, and design and development.\u00a0 NINMA also has two content areas among its subcommittees, entertainment and health care, reflecting Nashville\u2019s desire to be a player in these Internet business areas.\u00a0 In addition to referring members to business services, NINMA holds forums that allow people to exchange ideas informally and to air important issues facing Internet businesses.<\/p>\n\n An example of the latter was an October 2000 forum on Napster called \u201cCanary in the Coalmine: Survival of Intellectual Property on the Internet.\u201d\u00a0 The forum allowed songwriters, music publishers, and record companies to air their perspectives on Napster, which at the time allowed the trading of music over the Internet at no charge. The forum did not settle the question of whether such activity was appropriate, nor did the business models it examined catapult any Nashville Internet start-up to riches.\u00a0 Yet NINMA members are hopeful that the interaction NINMA facilitates will over time contribute to the economic viability of Nashville\u2019s new media Internet firms.<\/p>\n\n Nashville\u2019s promise in the Internet economy rests with its entrepreneurial spirit and its existing regional strengths in health care and country music.\u00a0 Efforts to capitalize on Nashville\u2019s New Economy potential revolve around two initiatives.\u00a0 The first is the Nashville Technology Council, an organization affiliated with the Chamber of Commerce.\u00a0 The second is a technology incubator called eConception.<\/p>\n\n i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Incubating Nashville\u2019s Economy: eConception <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n The primary initiative in Nashville to foster Internet start-ups is the business incubator eConception, which provides seed capital and business services to companies with ideas to exploit the Web.\u00a0 The incubator was founded in 1999 with $9.2 million in capital and with seven companies in its portfolio.\u00a0 EConception provides office space and other business services to its companies in a renovated warehouse called Cummins Station.\u00a0 This large structure, located near downtown Nashville, now houses about 10 eConception companies at any given time, which occupy 20,000 square feet of leased office space.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n The idea for eConception, as with most incubators, is to bring a company to maturity and allow it to operate on its own; eConception is compensated by a share of profits or, better yet, with shares in an IPO.\u00a0 The vision of IPO riches has not been realized, and eConception is contemplating a change in strategy as a result.\u00a0 With the market for Internet IPOs waning and investors increasingly wary, eConception may sell its equity position in its companies and move toward providing incubator and business services for a fee.\u00a0 Rather than raise capital itself, eConception may partner with venture capital firms to channel funds to eConception\u2019s start-ups.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n Even with a possible upheaval in the offing, eConception has produced some modestly successful companies.\u00a0 Weberize is a Web architect firm that will not only design Web pages for clients, but also transform a client\u2019s information management system into a Web-based platform for an intranet or Worldwide Web presence.\u00a0 Another company, Groovetone.com, is an attempt to capitalize on Nashville\u2019s reputation as \u201cMusic City USA.\u201d Groovetone.com assembles \u201cAmericana\u201d music at its Web site\u2014largely country and western, bluegrass, and folk music\u2014to serve as a portal for fans of the genre.\u00a0 Working cooperatively with record labels, Groovetone provides RealAudio clips of artists\u2019 songs, sells CDs, and even has a Groovetone radio station.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n The Weberize and Groovetone stories show the promise and potential pitfalls of an incubator such as eConception.\u00a0 Weberize provides a clear service to its clients\u2014in a market that is very competitive for Web-design services\u2014and if it carries out its business plan, Weberize can certainly be a profitable company, if not the next IPO star.\u00a0 Groovetone falls more into the category of a brand-based Internet company–one that delivers an established service in a new way and thus must spend a lot on advertising to create brand awareness.\u00a0 If Groovetone fails to gain necessary \u201cmind share\u201d, its long-term business prospects are questionable.\u00a0 The music industry as a whole is struggling to find the right business model for the Internet; as far as Nashville goes, neither Groovetone nor other start-ups in Nashville have found a way to make Music City USA a hub for online success.<\/p>\n\n Whatever eConception\u2019s fate, the incubator is the flagship physical space for ecommerce and Internet start-ups in Nashville.\u00a0 A building of four high-ceilinged stories, the Cummins Station structure takes up an entire city block.\u00a0 EConception and its companies occupy part of one floor, with the remaining space taken up by other Internet start-ups and arts organizations such as the Metro Arts Commission.\u00a0 In fact, the Metro Housing and Development Agency has designated the area including and surrounding Cummins Station an arts center redevelopment center.\u00a0 With technical expertise adjacent to artistic talent, eConception hopes to be part of a Cummins Station complex that drives Nashville\u2019s Internet economy.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n Another attempt to develop physical space for innovative companies in Nashville is known as \u201cThe Gulch.\u201d Developers hope to transform the Gulch into a \u201cdynamic urban environment\u201d.\u00a0 This project, located near Cummins Station, will bridge downtown and Music Row, with a mix of high-end and affordable housing and retail and office space.\u00a0 The ambitious 25-acre development will cost $350 million and is intended to \u201coffer a contemporary urban lifestyle\u201d for Nashville, giving the city a 24-hour-a-day downtown.\u00a0 The Gulch also plans to use nearby universities to attract Internet and biotechnology start-ups to the area.\u00a0 The development is driven by the private sector, but the city has pledged support and has offered $15 million in tax increment financing for the Gulch.<\/p>\n\n ii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Nashville Technology Council<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n In addition to developing a physical space for innovation, Nashville business leaders are establishing a network of people designed to foment dot-com ideas among creative people.\u00a0 The Nashville Technology Council (NTC), a year old offshoot of the Chamber of Commerce, provides this sort of environment for the Middle Tennessee region.\u00a0 The Council\u2019s director, entrepreneur David Condra, says the NTC\u2019s membership grew rapidly, reflecting pent-up demand for a forum at which entrepreneurs can exchange ideas and expand their network of business contacts.\u00a0 The Council\u2019s main service so far is providing networking events for members.\u00a0 One is a monthly breakfast meeting with a keynote speaker\u2014the kick-off speaker was U.S.\u00a0 Senator Bill Frist\u2014which members treat mainly as an opportunity to meet like-minded entrepreneurs.\u00a0 The Council also has topical events at which speakers talk about how to raise capital and develop a business plan.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n The next major undertaking for the Council will be the Technology Funding Alliance, which will be an investor network for Nashville Internet entrepreneurs.\u00a0 A challenge for Nashville\u2014not unlike that facing Cleveland\u2014is how to engage wealthy business people whose fortunes were not made in the dot-com world in channeling funds to Internet start-ups.\u00a0 Whether in health care or publishing, Nashville\u2019s old-line business leadership is thought to be conservative with its money, which is understandable given the novelty and volatility of the New Economy.\u00a0 Launching the alliance is proving to be difficult, mainly due to the stock market\u2019s increasing skepticism toward Internet start-ups.\u00a0 The Technology Funding Alliance was initially scheduled to kick off in January 2001; the launch has been postponed.<\/p>\n\n The climate for Internet companies in Nashville would clearly benefit from a big dot-com success that would generate wealth that would then be reinvested in the region.\u00a0 This has not happened, and the two companies that held the most promise have not met what were once very high expectations.\u00a0 Healthstream is perhaps Nashville\u2019s most prominent ecommerce company; it provides online computer-aided medical training for health care professionals.\u00a0 Its CEO is Robert Frist, Jr., a member of one of Nashville\u2019s most prominent families, which made its fortune from the Columbia\/HCA health care company.\u00a0 Healthstream issued its initial public offering in April 2000, just before the market backed away from dot-com IPOs, and managed to raise about $50 million in capital.\u00a0 As has been the case with other dot-com stocks, however, the past nine months have been unkind; as of early December, Healthstream was trading at $1.13 per share, well below its high of $11 per share.\u00a0 And stock price is not Healthstream\u2019s only problem.\u00a0 The company had announced a major marketing partnership with Healtheon\/WebMD, a popular health care portal, in hopes that the traffic to Healtheon\u2019s site would spur demand for Healthstream\u2019s services. \u00a0Because of Healtheon\u2019s business problems, this agreement has been put on hold.<\/p>\n\n BlueStar was Nashville\u2019s other dot-com disappointment.\u00a0 BlueStar provides high-speed Internet connections using digital subscriber line (DSL) technology; the company\u2019s target markets are Southeastern cities with populations of less than 1.5 million.\u00a0 The DSL business is capital intensive and requires heavy investment in routers and switches before customers can be served.\u00a0 BlueStar initially won $31 million in venture capital from Crosspoint Venture Partners, and by early 2000, the company filed its intent to issue an IPO to raise up to $200 million.\u00a0 That was postponed indefinitely, and Covad Communications, a national DSL provider from California, wound up acquiring BlueStar in June.\u00a0 With a loss of $18.8 million in 1999 on revenues of $800,000 and capital markets balking, BlueStar\u2019s continued viability depended on merging with another firm.<\/p>\n\n Nashville is in a classic bind when it comes to funding Internet businesses: The lack of Internet successes makes investors reluctant to invest, and the reluctance to invest lowers the chances of a dot-com success.\u00a0 Yet David Condra sees tight capital as a potential blessing: It will discipline entrepreneurs and financiers to create and fund business plans that are conceptually sound, address market needs, and have valid Internet solutions.\u00a0 Given the strong entrepreneurial spirit in Nashville, Condra is hoping that this spirit, supported by the Technology Council, will position the city as a player in the Internet economy.<\/p>\n\n The Internet\u2019s impact on social capital has been fairly modest in Nashville. There is some evidence of altered \u201cfoot traffic\u201d in the city attributable to the Internet but little evidence of community-generated Internet content.\u00a0 However, the Designing a Community Online TOP grant has been a catalyst for community activists and government officials to jointly consider the Internet\u2019s role in improving Nashville\u2019s traditionally balkanized neighborhoods.\u00a0 And the Internet\u2019s potential to provide public information and improve service delivery has been recognized, though perhaps belatedly, by the Information Services department of Metro government.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n At this point, the Arts Commission\u2019s Web site for artists is the only real evidence of content.\u00a0 Still, Nashville has a lot of what a region needs to succeed in the Internet society: a core of creative people and a strong tradition of entrepreneurialism.\u00a0 In Cummins Station, it is trying to develop the right environment for creative people to pursue business ideas, and the Nashville Technology Council hopes to provide the people-to-people networking and financial support that is necessary.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n This unevenness between Nashville\u2019s economic and social awareness of the Internet\u2019s opportunity suggests that a great deal of patience will be required in the region as Internet initiatives evolve.\u00a0 A TOP grant by itself will not be sufficient to change neighborhoods\u2019 engagement with Metro government or improve access to low-income people.\u00a0 Moreover, Nashville does not have a well-developed set of community development corporations or other institutions that signal a large existing stock of social capital.\u00a0 And with the downturn in the dot-com sector, payoffs from the Nashville Technology Council will probably take much longer than initially envisioned, if they ever come to pass.\u00a0 Patience, however, may be difficult to come by in an environment where the hype surrounding the Internet\u2014at least in the economic arena\u2014may be fading.\u00a0 A challenge for Nashville, then, will be to devote resources to areas where the Internet has clearly identifiable benefits to the community.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Introduction Nashville\u2019s business community has been active, if not wildly successful, in attempting to catch the wave of dot.com riches in the New Economy.\u00a0 Nashville\u2019s economy is service oriented, with health care and country music being the region\u2019s dominant and highest profile business sectors.[10.numoffset=”10″ The major technology employer in the area is Dell Computers, which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[526],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-97367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-internet"],"label":false,"post_parent":97463,"word_count":4046,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-6-nashville\/","art_direction":false,"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":97463,"title":"Cities Online: Urban Development and the Internet","slug":"cities-online-urban-development-and-the-internet","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/cities-online-urban-development-and-the-internet\/","is_active":false},{"id":97472,"title":"Part 1: Introduction","slug":"part-1-introduction-16","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-1-introduction-16\/","is_active":false},{"id":97481,"title":"Part 2: Portland","slug":"part-2-portland","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-2-portland\/","is_active":false},{"id":97335,"title":"Part 3: Austin","slug":"part-3-austin","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-3-austin\/","is_active":false},{"id":97347,"title":"Part 4: Cleveland","slug":"part-4-cleveland","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-4-cleveland\/","is_active":false},{"id":97356,"title":"Part 5: Washington, D.C.","slug":"part-5-washington-d-c","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-5-washington-d-c\/","is_active":false},{"id":97367,"title":"Part 6: Nashville","slug":"part-6-nashville","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/part-6-nashville\/","is_active":true},{"id":97379,"title":"The Internet, Cities, and Social Capital","slug":"the-internet-cities-and-social-capital","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2001\/11\/20\/the-internet-cities-and-social-capital\/","is_active":false},{"id":97385,"title":"Appendix A: Economic Profile of the Five 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The Internet and Nashville\u2019s Economy<\/h3>\n\n
The Internet and Social Capital in Nashville<\/h3>\n\n