{"id":97206,"date":"2003-04-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-04-16T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2003\/04\/16\/bibliography\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:14:24","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:14:24","slug":"bibliography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/bibliography\/","title":{"rendered":"Bibliography"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Austin Free Net. (2002) \u201cWho Uses Community Technology Centers? A Survey of Public Access Computer Users,\u201d Austin, TX, February 2002. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.austinfree.net\/about\/AFNClientSurvey.pdf\">http:\/\/www.austinfree.net\/about\/AFNClientSurvey.pdf<\/a> as of 8\/14\/02.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BECTA (British Educational Communications and Technology Agency). (2001) \u201cThe Digital Divide, A Discussion Paper\u201d prepared for the British Department for Education and Employment, for a conference in February 2002. Available at\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.becta.org.uk\/research\/reports\/docs\/digitaldivide.pdf\">http:\/\/www.becta.org.uk\/research\/reports\/docs\/digitaldivide.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Borgida, Eugene; Sullivan, John L. et al, (2002) \u201cCivic Culture Meets the Digital Divide: The Role of Community Electronic Networks\u201d <i>Journal of Social Issues<\/i>, Vol. 58. No.1, 2002, pp. 125-141.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chow, Clifton; Ellis, Jan; Walker, Geoffrey; Wise, Bart. (2000) \u201cWho Goes There? Longitudinal Case Studies of Twelve Users of Community Technology Centers.\u201d CTCNET\/Education Development Center, Inc. April 2000, available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ctcnet.org\/longrep3.doc\">http:\/\/www.ctcnet.org\/longrep3.doc<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cisler, Steve. (2000) \u201cSubtract the Digital Divide,\u201d <i>San Jose Mercury News<\/i>, January 16, 2000, available as of 7\/15\/02 from <a href=\"http:\/\/home.inreach.com\/cisler\/divide.htm\">http:\/\/home.inreach.com\/cisler\/divide.htm<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cole, Jeffrey I. et al. (2001) \u201cSurveying the Digital Future,\u201d UCLA Center for Communications Policy, November 2001, available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccp.ucla.edu\/\">http:\/\/www.ccp.ucla.edu\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compaine, Benjamin M. (ed). (2001) <i>The Digital Divide: Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth?<\/i> MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cooper, Mark. (2002) \u201cDoes the Digital Divide Still Exist? Bush Administration Shrugs, But Evidence Says \u2018Yes\u2019.\u201d Consumer Federation of America, May 30, 2002 available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.consumerfed.org\/DigitalDivideReport20020530.pdf\">http:\/\/www.consumerfed.org\/DigitalDivideReport20020530.pdf<\/a> as of 8\/14\/02.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Downes, Thomas A; Greenstein, Shane M. (1998) \u201cDo Commercial ISPs Provide Universal Access?\u201d TRPC, 1998. Available online at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kellogg.nwu.edu\/faculty\/greenstein\/images\/htm\/Research\/tprcbook.pdf\">http:\/\/www.kellogg.nwu.edu\/faculty\/greenstein\/images\/htm\/Research\/tprcbook.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Garton, Laura; Haythornthwaite, Caroline; and Wellman, Barry. (1997) \u201cStudying Online Social Networks,\u201d <i>Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication<\/i>, vol. 3 (1), June 1997. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Goslee, Susan. (1998) \u201cLosing Ground Bit by Bit: Low Income Communities in the Information Age.\u201d Benton Foundation, June 1998.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.benton.org\/\">http:\/\/www.benton.org\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Granovetter, Mark. (1983) \u201cThe Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited, \u201d <i>Sociological Theory<\/i>, vol. 1, (1983), pp. 201-233.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hargattai, Eszter, and DiMaggio, Paul. (2001) \u201cFrom the &#8220;Digital Divide&#8221; to &#8220;Digital Inequality&#8221;: Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases<b>\u201d<\/b> <i>Working Paper #19<\/i>, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hargittai, Eszter. (2002) \u201cSecond Level Digital Divide: Differences in People\u2019s Online Skills,\u201d First Monday 7 (4), available at <a href=\"http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/issues\/issue7_4\/hargittai\/\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/issues\/issue7_4\/hargittai\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jarboe, Kenan Patrick. (2001) \u201cInclusion in the Information Age: Reframing the Debate,\u201d Athena Alliance, October 2001. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.athenaalliance.org\/\">http:\/\/www.athenaalliance.org\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoffman, Donna L; Novak, Thomas P; and Schlosser, Ann E. (2000) \u201cThe Evolution of the Digital Divide: How Gaps in Internet Access May Impact Electronic Commerce, \u201d <i>Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication<\/i>, vol. 5. Issue 3, March 2000. Accessed on 5\/22\/02 from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ascusc.org\/jcmc\/vol5\/issue3\/hoffman.html\">http:\/\/www.ascusc.org\/jcmc\/vol5\/issue3\/hoffman.html<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Horrigan, John B. (2001) \u201cCities Online: Urban Development and the Internet,\u201d Pew Internet &amp; American Life Project. November 2001. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/reports\/pdfs\/PIP_Cities_Online_Report.pdf\">https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/reports\/pdfs\/PIP_Cities_Online_Report.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Horrigan, John B. (2000) \u201cNew Internet Users: What They Do Online, What They Don\u2019t and Implications for the Net\u2019s Future,\u201d Pew Internet &amp; American Life Project. September 2000. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/reports\/pdfs\/New_User_Report.pdf\">https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/reports\/pdfs\/New_User_Report.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katz, James and Aspden, Philip. (1998) \u201cInternet Dropouts in the USA: The Invisible Group,\u201d <i>Telecommunications Policy<\/i>, vol.22, No.4\/5 pp.327-339, Elsevier Science.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katz, James and Aspden, Philip. (1997) \u201cMotivations for and Barriers to Internet Usage; Results of a National Public Opinion Survey,\u201d <i>Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy<\/i>, vo1. 7, Num. 3, 1997, pp. 170-188, MCB University Press.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaye, H. Stephen. (2000) \u201cComputer and Internet Use Among People with Disabilities,\u201d National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. U.S. Dept of Education. March 2000. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/dsc.ucsf.edu\/UCSF\/pdf\/REPORT13.pdf\">http:\/\/dsc.ucsf.edu\/UCSF\/pdf\/REPORT13.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keane, Colin, and Macht, Joel. (2002) \u201cUniversal Access to CAP sites for people with Disabilities in B.C.: Identification of Barriers, Solutions and Next Steps,\u201d Neil Squire Foundation, March 31, 2002. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.neilsquire.ca\/news\/cap_finalreport.pdf\">http:\/\/www.neilsquire.ca\/news\/cap_finalreport.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kirsh, Irwin S. et al. (1993) \u201cAdult Literacy in America: A First Look at the Findings of the National Adult Literacy Survey, \u201d National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, 1993. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubsearch\/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=93275\">http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubsearch\/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=93275<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lenhart, Amanda, et al. (2000) \u201cWho\u2019s Not Online: 57% of those without Internet access say they do not plan to log on.\u201d Pew Internet &amp; American Life Project. September 2000. Available at <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/reports\/toc.asp?Report=21\">https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/reports\/toc.asp?Report=21<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leslie Harris and Associates. (2002) \u201cBringing a Nation Online: The Importance of Federal Leadership,\u201d Digital Media Forum: Benton Foundation &amp; Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Education Fund, July 2002. Available online at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/publications\/bringinganationonline\">http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/publications\/bringinganationonline<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loring, Jon. (1993) \u201cPersonality Type Summary\u201d website. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pendulum.org\/misc\/mb.htm\">http:\/\/www.pendulum.org\/misc\/mb.htm<\/a> downloaded on 8\/22\/02.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mayfield, Kendra. (2002) \u201cRaising the Accessibility Bar\u201d Wired News, July 22, 2002. Accessed on 7\/22\/02 at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/news\/print\/0,1294,53930,00.html\">http:\/\/www.wired.com\/news\/print\/0,1294,53930,00.html<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mehan, H. (1997) The discourse of the illegal immigration debate: a case study in the politics of representation. <i>Discourse and Society<\/i>, vol. 8, pp. 249-270. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NTIA. (2002) \u201cA Nation Online: How Americans Are Expanding Their Use of the Internet,\u201d U.S Department of Commerce. February 2002. Downloaded on 8\/14\/02 from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ntia.doc.gov\/ntiahome\/dn\/anationonline2.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ntia.doc.gov\/ntiahome\/dn\/anationonline2.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oldenburg, Ray. (1989) <i>The Great Good Place: Cafes, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons and other hangouts at the heart of a community<\/i>. Marlowe &amp; Company, New York. pp. 16<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schement, Jorge R. (2001) \u201cOf Gaps by Which Democracy We Measure\u201d in Compaine, B.(ed) <i>The Digital Divide, Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth,<\/i> MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. pp. 303-307.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Servon, Lisa, and Nelson, Marla. (1999) \u201cCreating Information Democracy: The Role of Community Technology Programs and Their Relationship to Public Policy,\u201d Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, October 24, 1999.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stanley, Laura. (2002) \u201cBeyond Access,\u201d Written for the UCSD Civic Collaborative, and available as of 8\/13\/02 at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mediamanage.net\/Beyond_Access.pdf\">http:\/\/www.mediamanage.net\/Beyond_Access.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Virnoche, Mary E. (2001) \u201cPink Collars on the Internet: Roadblocks to the Information Superhighway\u201d in <i>Women Studies Quarterly, Special Issue on Confronting Technology<\/i>, vol 31 nos. 3 &amp; 4. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.humboldt.edu\/~mv23\/pink.pdf\">http:\/\/www.humboldt.edu\/~mv23\/pink.pdf<\/a>, accessed on November 15, 2002. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viswanath, K., McDonald, Daniel G., and Lavrakas, Paul, J. (2000) \u201cClass versus Place: Models for the diffusion &amp; adoption of new communication technologies,\u201d presented to AAPOR conference, Portland, OR May 18-21, 2000.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Waddell, Cynthia. (1999). \u201cThe Growing Digital Divide in Access for People with Disabilities: Overcoming Barriers to Participation,\u201d from Understanding the Digital Economy, Data Tools and Research, May 25-26, 1999, US Department of Commerce, Washington DC. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aasa.dshs.wa.gov\/access\/waddell.htm\">http:\/\/www.aasa.dshs.wa.gov\/access\/waddell.htm<\/a> downloaded 5\/22\/02.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warschauer, Mark. (2002). \u201cReconceptualizing the Digital Divide\u201d, in First Monday 7(7), June 2002 available at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.firstmonday.dk\/\">http:\/\/www.firstmonday.dk\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Willis, Paul. (1971). <i>Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs,<\/i> Columbia University Press, New York, NY 1971<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wyatt, Sally. (1999) \u201cThey came, they surfed, they went back to the beach: why some people stop using the Internet.\u201d Prepared for the Society for Social Studies of Science conference, San Diego, CA, October 1999. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/virtualsociety.sbs.ox.ac.uk\/reports\/surf.htm\">http:\/\/virtualsociety.sbs.ox.ac.uk\/reports\/surf.htm<\/a>, downloaded 12\/9\/02.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Austin Free Net. (2002) \u201cWho Uses Community Technology Centers? A Survey of Public Access Computer Users,\u201d Austin, TX, February 2002. Available at http:\/\/www.austinfree.net\/about\/AFNClientSurvey.pdf as of 8\/14\/02. BECTA (British Educational Communications and Technology Agency). (2001) \u201cThe Digital Divide, A Discussion Paper\u201d prepared for the British Department for Education and Employment, for a conference in February 2002. 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Who\u2019s not online","slug":"part-1-whos-not-online","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-1-whos-not-online\/","is_active":false},{"id":97819,"title":"Part 2. Why non-users do not go online","slug":"part-2-why-non-users-do-not-go-online","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-2-why-non-users-do-not-go-online\/","is_active":false},{"id":97269,"title":"Part 3. What non-users think about the online world","slug":"part-3-what-non-users-think-about-the-online-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-3-what-non-users-think-about-the-online-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":97276,"title":"Part 4. The intentions of non-users","slug":"part-4-the-intentions-of-non-users","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-4-the-intentions-of-non-users\/","is_active":false},{"id":97281,"title":"Part 5. A new understanding of Internet use","slug":"part-5-a-new-understanding-of-internet-use","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-5-a-new-understanding-of-internet-use\/","is_active":false},{"id":97286,"title":"Part 6. Other social factors that relate to being offline","slug":"part-6-other-social-factors-that-relate-to-being-offline","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-6-other-social-factors-that-relate-to-being-offline\/","is_active":false},{"id":97292,"title":"Part 7. The Disabled: A Special Analysis","slug":"part-7-the-disabled-a-special-analysis","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-7-the-disabled-a-special-analysis\/","is_active":false},{"id":97299,"title":"Part 8. Conclusions","slug":"part-8-conclusions","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-8-conclusions\/","is_active":false},{"id":97185,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments-30-3","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/acknowledgments-30-3\/","is_active":false},{"id":97188,"title":"Methodology","slug":"methodology-143-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/methodology-143-2\/","is_active":false},{"id":97194,"title":"Appendix A","slug":"appendix-a-9","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/appendix-a-9\/","is_active":false},{"id":97199,"title":"Appendix B","slug":"appendix-b-5","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/appendix-b-5\/","is_active":false},{"id":97206,"title":"Bibliography","slug":"bibliography","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/bibliography\/","is_active":true}],"report_materials":"","report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":97206,"title":"Bibliography","slug":"bibliography","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/bibliography\/","is_active":true,"page_num":14},"next_post":null,"previous_post":{"id":97199,"title":"Appendix B","slug":"appendix-b-5","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/appendix-b-5\/","is_active":false,"page_num":13},"pagination_items":[{"id":97810,"title":"The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A new look at Internet access and the digital divide","slug":"the-ever-shifting-internet-population-a-new-look-at-internet-access-and-the-digital-divide","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/the-ever-shifting-internet-population-a-new-look-at-internet-access-and-the-digital-divide\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":97814,"title":"Part 1. Who\u2019s not online","slug":"part-1-whos-not-online","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-1-whos-not-online\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":97819,"title":"Part 2. Why non-users do not go online","slug":"part-2-why-non-users-do-not-go-online","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-2-why-non-users-do-not-go-online\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":97269,"title":"Part 3. What non-users think about the online world","slug":"part-3-what-non-users-think-about-the-online-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-3-what-non-users-think-about-the-online-world\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":97276,"title":"Part 4. The intentions of non-users","slug":"part-4-the-intentions-of-non-users","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-4-the-intentions-of-non-users\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":97281,"title":"Part 5. A new understanding of Internet use","slug":"part-5-a-new-understanding-of-internet-use","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-5-a-new-understanding-of-internet-use\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":97286,"title":"Part 6. Other social factors that relate to being offline","slug":"part-6-other-social-factors-that-relate-to-being-offline","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2003\/04\/16\/part-6-other-social-factors-that-relate-to-being-offline\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":97292,"title":"Part 7. 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