At least 10 attempts were made to complete an interview at every household in the sample.\u00a0 The calls were staggered over times of day and days of the week to maximize the chances of making contact with a potential respondent.\u00a0 Interview refusals were re-contacted at least once in order to try again to complete an interview. The final response rate was 57.8%.<\/p>\n\n
Non-response in telephone interviews produces some known biases in survey-derived estimates because participation tends to vary for different subgroups of the population, and these subgroups are likely to vary also on questions of substantive interest. In order to compensate for these known biases, the sample data are weighted in analysis. The final sample of completes was weighted to match the demographics of the original callback sample. The weights were derived using an iterative technique that simultaneously balances the distribution of all weighting parameters.<\/p>\n\n
Musicians online survey<\/h3>\n\n
The Musician Web Survey, sponsored by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, obtained online interviews with a non-random sample of 2,793 musicians, songwriters and music publishers. The interviews were conducted online, via WebSurveyor, from March 15 to April 15, 2004.\u00a0 Details on the design, execution and analysis of the survey are discussed below.<\/p>\n\n
Sample Design\/Contact Procedures<\/b> <\/p>\n\n
Sample was recruited via email invitations to the current membership\/subscriber lists of the following music organizations: The Future of Music Coalition, Just Plain Folks, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, CD Baby, Nashville Songwriters Association, Garageband.com, American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, American Federation of Musicians. <\/p>\n\n
Altogether, email invitations to participate in the survey were sent to approximately 300,000 members of these various organizations.\u00a0 These invitations provided a direct link to the survey and contained the following language:<\/p>\n\n
\n\n
Dear Members,<\/p>\n\n
[ORGANIZATION NAME HERE]<\/p>\n\n\n
Now\u2019s the time to make your voice heard.<\/p>\n\n
We invite you to take about 20 minutes of your time to share your opinions and experiences through this important survey. <\/p>\n\n
Visit http:\/\/websurveyor.net\/wsb.dll\/11719\/Music.htm<\/a> from March 15 \u2013 April 15, 2004\u00a0 to participate.<\/p>\n\n Your contribution will have a valuable impact, as the findings from this survey will be widely circulated and discussed.<\/p>\n\n Don\u2019t miss this great opportunity to speak up on behalf of artists!<\/p>\n\n Sincerely,<\/p>\n\n [ORGANIZATION REP]<\/p>\n\n\n In addition to sending email invitations to their members, The Future of Music Coalition, Garageband.com and The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists posted a notice about the survey on their websites that provided a direct link to the survey front page.\u00a0 The Future of Music Coalition also printed flyers announcing the survey, including the URL, and distributed them at several musicians\u2019 conferences held during the survey field period.\u00a0 Both the website postings and the flyers contained the following text:<\/p>\n\n Musicians, performers, and songwriters: What do you think about peer-to-peer file-sharing and music on the Internet? How has the Internet impacted the way you create, promote, or distribute your music? <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n [ORGANIZATION NAME HERE]<\/p>\n\n\n We\u2019ve all heard speculations about what musicians are \u201creally thinking\u201d in the changing digital landscape. \u00a0Yet, from our vantage point inside the music community these projections have always seemed too narrow to represent the complex concerns we regularly experience in our discussions with musicians.<\/p>\n\n It’s time to stop projecting our thoughts and preferences onto musicians and, instead, ask musicians to share their own experiences and opinions.<\/p>\n\n To that end, CD Baby, Just Plain Folks, Nashville Songwriters Association, AFTRA, and AFM, the Future of Music Coalition and the Pew Internet & American Life Project have designed an online survey that asks musicians a variety of questions about music, technology, copyright, peer-to-peer filesharing, emerging best practices, and the public domain.<\/p>\n\n We urge musicians, songwriters and performers of all types to take this online survey so we can better understand the complexity of these changes and the diversity of our community.<\/p>\n\n Visit http:\/\/websurveyor.net\/wsb.dll\/11719\/Music.htm<\/a>\u00a0from March 15 \u2013 April 15, 2004 to participate.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n When the survey is complete the results will be published and distributed to those who have a critical stake in the current debate. We hope they will open another channel in the discussions about how music will be enjoyed, and how musicians will be compensated in the future.<\/p>\n\n About the Future of Music Coalition:<\/b> <\/p>\n\n The Future of Music Coalition is a not-for-profit collaboration between members of the music, technology, public policy and intellectual property law communities. The FMC seeks to educate the media, policymakers, and the public about music \/ technology issues, while also bringing together diverse voices in an effort to come up with creative solutions to some of the challenges in this space. The FMC also aims to identify and promote innovative business models that will help musicians and citizens to benefit from new technologies. <\/p>\n\n About the Pew Internet & American Life Project:<\/b> <\/p>\n\n The Pew Internet Project is a nonprofit, non-partisan think tank that explores the impact of the Internet on children, families, communities, the work place, schools, health care, and civic\/political life. The project aims to be an authoritative source for timely information on the Internet’s growth and societal impact. Support for the project is provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts. The project’s Web site: www.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet<\/a><\/p>\n\n Completion Rate<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n Based on figures supplied by WebSurveyor, PSRAI has calculated the following completion rate for the Musician Survey:<\/p>\n\n In Table 1, total hits (5,702) indicate the number of times the survey link was accessed, or roughly the number of potential respondents who reached the survey\u2019s title page, though no control was in place to prevent someone from accessing the link more than one time.\u00a0 The link took people to the survey title page, which gave the following brief description of the survey and its sponsors, along with instructions for how to complete the survey:<\/p>\n\n Welcome to the Pew Internet & American Life Project\u2019s musician survey.\u00a0 The goal of this survey is to measure the impact of the Internet on songwriters and musical performers.\u00a0 Thanks so much for taking the time to help us better understand how the Internet affects your music, as well as how you communicate with other artists, artists\u2019 organizations, and fans.<\/p>\n\n Our survey will take most respondents about 20 minutes to complete, though it may be longer or shorter for some people.\u00a0 Most questions give you response categories from which to choose.\u00a0 Others are followed by a blank text area where you can write your answers. The text areas will hold up to 300 words, so feel free to make your answers as long as you like.\u00a0 You must provide an answer to each question in order to move to the next; once you answer a question and move on, you will not be able to return to that question to change your answer.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n Please complete the survey only once. <\/p>\n\n If you have questions about the survey, or if you’d like to send us additional input later, we’d be glad to hear from you at Music@pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet. <\/p>\n\n CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE<\/b> <\/p>\n\n As with all studies we conduct with our survey research firm, Princeton Survey Research Associates International, all of your answers are completely confidential.\u00a0 Responses are analyzed only in the aggregate, and are never linked to the individual completing the survey.\u00a0 No identifying information is required to complete this survey, other than basic demographic characteristics.<\/p>\n\n
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