{"id":92919,"date":"2021-11-22T11:55:05","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T16:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2021\/11\/22\/work-is-needed-now-to-prepare-for-a-mind-bending-future\/"},"modified":"2024-04-23T13:07:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T17:07:01","slug":"work-is-needed-now-to-prepare-for-a-mind-bending-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2021\/11\/22\/work-is-needed-now-to-prepare-for-a-mind-bending-future\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Work is needed now to prepare for a mind-bending future"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several of these experts wrote about the urgent need to make moves now to establish systems and processes to help society cope with expected modes of far more significant change that are currently in their early days that are likely to completely alter almost everything in the near to far future. They say it is important to address these likely possibilities today in order to prepare for and avoid the worst possible outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"imagining-humans-positive-transition-to-a-mind-blowing-new-paradigm-for-humanity\">Imagining humans\u2019 positive transition to a mind-blowing new paradigm for humanity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Barry Chudakov,<\/strong> founder and principal at Sertain Research, said, \u201cTaking and evolving simulation and virtual representation from the gaming world, digital spaces will morph from apps and social media platforms into mirror worlds \u2013 the metaverse and \u2018the third platform, which will digitize the rest of the world \u2026 all things and places will be machine-readable, subject to the power of algorithms,\u2019 as Kevin Kelly wrote in Wired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFeatures of that logic include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/topics\/what-is-a-digital-twin#:~:text=A%20digital%20twin%20is%20a%20virtual%20model,accurately%20reflect%20a%20physical%20object.&amp;text=These%20sensors%20produce%20data%20about,applied%20to%20the%20digital%20copy.\">Digital twins<\/a> (operating in digital spaces) create a doubling effect of everything and everyone.<\/li><li>Digital spaces\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mirror_world\">mirror worlds<\/a> start by complementing, then competing with \u2013 or replacing \u2013 reality (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0120382\/\">Truman Show<\/a> syndrome).<\/li><li>Digital spaces evolve from solely a screen experience to more immersive, in-body, in-place experiences.<\/li><li>Augmented reality adds dimension to any experience within digital spaces.<\/li><li>Immersion in digital spaces challenges (devours) human attention.<\/li><li>Time compresses to Now, aka eternal nowness.<\/li><li>Identity is identity in the mirror (compounded exponentially by the implementation of digital spaces as mirror worlds).<\/li><li>Self goes digital: Digital spaces become the emerging venue for the presentation of self; I am who I am in digital spaces.<ul><li>Identity is thereby multiple and fluid: Roles, sexual orientation and self-presentation evolve from solely in-person to in-space.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Privacy in digital spaces becomes a paid service with multiple layers and options like cable TV or streaming services (as tracking and data identification are built into all objects and all things start to think).<\/li><li>Everything (action, reaction, statement, response, movement) generates data, which exponentially increases the information barrage; the outmoded notion of memorization and retention are replaced with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/160338.Ambient_Findability?from_search=true&amp;from_srp=true&amp;qid=Qz7tZkm0QP&amp;rank=1\">ambient findability<\/a>.<\/li><li>Wholes become <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/726004.Everything_Is_Miscellaneous?ac=1&amp;from_search=true&amp;qid=eChYFdIZtK&amp;rank=1\">miscellaneous<\/a> as everything is turned into miscellaneous data.<\/li><li>Navigation replaces rules.<\/li><li>Original and copy conflate, objects and experiences become duplicative, as digital spaces become mirror worlds and mirror worlds become the metaverse.<\/li><li>Cut and paste, copy and paste, are no longer merely computer commands, they are behaviors \u2013 the prevailing psychology of digital spaces.<\/li><li>Robots engage with the mirror world as augmented eyes and ears: \u201creality fused with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/3944348_Virtual_shadows_-_Enhanced_interaction_in_mixed_reality_environment\">virtual shadow<\/a>\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sBRpavtJf20\">Kevin Kelly<\/a>).<\/li><li>The need for interoperability and portability among digital spaces generates mandates for standards of governance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMarket dynamics will force these digital spaces to become more \u2018sticky.\u2019 Commerce \u2013 making money \u2013 will drive this dynamic. To make more money, to get more people to spend more, any surviving digital space will decide it must become <em>stickier<\/em>. If you doubt that just watch or talk to teenagers playing video games. Video games are highly involving, addictive, engendering the \u2018I don\u2019t want to leave\u2019 dynamic. That realization will not be lost on the designers of future digital spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cDigital spaces will become the addictive video game\/cellphone of the future. They promise information about any and everything, so we will be always plugged in and the spaces will always be updating, morphing, evolving. Soon \u2013 as users now do with cellphones \u2013 we will ignore conventional reality and\/or people in that reality for life in the digital space. This is the first critical step in digital spaces competing with, and often replacing, conventional reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cTo manage the assault of multiple simultaneous changes \u2013 new realities from emerging digital spaces \u2013 we will be forced to find a new language of ethics, a new set of guidelines for acting and operating in digital spaces. Even now, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) \u2013 part of the U.S. Department of Commerce \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/news-events\/news\/2021\/07\/nist-requests-information-help-develop-ai-risk-management-framework\">is asking the public for input on an AI risk-management framework<\/a>. The organization is in the process of developing this framework as a way to help \u2018manage the risks posed by artificial intelligence.\u2019 This is an initial step in what will be a continuing process of understanding and trying to create reasonable protections and regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn 2035, many will see the merger of physical and digital worlds as an encroachment on their worldview. At the same time, facility of use and integration of physical and digital realms will improve many experiences and transactions. For example, the automobile will become a significant digital space. One notable improvement will be the reduction in the 38,000 deaths annually from traffic accidents. As driverless cars become mobile digital spaces with end-to-end digital information streaming in and out of each car our mobile digital experience will reduce accidents, deaths and congestion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe most noticeably different aspect of digital life for the average user in 2035 will be a more seamless integration of tools and so-called reality. Importing the dynamics of simulation and virtual representation from the gaming world, we will swallow the internet; digital spaces will move inside us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cTime and distance will effectively vanish, whether you are implementing augmented reality, virtual reality or a mirror world in your interaction. Here is where I am, where I can find you or any other \u2013 so there is only here. There is only now. The proscenium arch and backstage of \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0120382\/\">The Truman Show<\/a>\u2019 will have disappeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhat is now known as \u2018stickiness\u2019 \u2013 the ways in which the design of a digital space encourage more engagement \u2013 will become full immersion. The outside of any digital space will be harder to fathom because physical spaces will include adjunct digital spaces (just as every business and person has a URL now) and \u2013 just as people today pore over their phones and ignore cars, pedestrians and loved ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBy 2035, digital spaces will become so immersive that we will have a problem. It will be extremely difficult to get people to disengage with those digital spaces. We will all become video gamers, hooked on the mirror world of the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-about-the-potential-impact-of-superintelligence-and-why-might-it-be-important-now\">What about the potential impact of superintelligence, and why might it be important now?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some respondents to this canvassing voiced concerns about the potential issues that may arise if superintelligence is developed in the years following humanity\u2019s shift into more-immersive virtual and augmented reality spaces. Of course, the <a href=\"https:\/\/futureoflife.org\/background\/benefits-risks-of-artificial-intelligence\/\">estimated timeline<\/a> for this to possibly arrive <a href=\"https:\/\/aiimpacts.org\/ai-timeline-surveys\/\">varies<\/a>, and some experts still doubt it may transpire at all. But the ranks of respected scientists and innovative entrepreneurs who have expressed both hopes and worries for humanity due to the potential rise of superintelligence have grown over the past decade. They have included Stephen Hawking, Stuart Russell, Bill Gates, Ray Kurzweil, Elon Musk and Masayoshi Son.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These leaders have said they expect that the recursive self-improvement of artificial intelligence will completely transform the world, possibly mostly for the better, possibly for the worse. They say it is obvious that these concerns are important to address today due to the ways in which recent rapid technological advances have already altered the world in significant ways in an extremely brief period of human history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following thoughts come from two experts in this canvassing who wrote deeply about that potential future in their responses, noting that this is why they believe that the time for smarter, forward-thinking technology design, governance decisions and societal evolution is <em>today<\/em>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"people-must-work-much-harder-now-to-prepare-for-a-much-different-future\">People must work much harder now to prepare for a much-different future<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jerome Glenn,<\/strong> co-founder and CEO of The Millennium Project, predicted, \u201cThe race is on to complete the global nervous system of civilization and make supercomputing power available to everyone. Another race is to develop <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/mapping-out-2050\/distinguishing-between-narrow-ai-general-ai-and-super-ai-a4bc44172e22\">artificial general intelligence<\/a> (AGI), which some say might never get developed while others think it could be possible within 10 to 15 years; if so, its impact will be far beyond artificial narrow intelligence (ANI). Investments in AGI are forecast to reach $50 billion by 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>&#8220;As humans and machines become linked more closely, the distinction between the two entities will blur. Conscious technology will force us to confront fundamental questions about life.&#8221;<\/p><cite>Jerome Glenn, co-founder and CEO of The Millennium Project<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe human brain projects of the U.S., EU, China and other countries \u2013 plus corporate ANI and AGI research \u2013 should lead to augmented individual human and collective intelligence. We are moving from the Information Age into the Conscious-Technology Age, which will force us to confront fundamental questions about life as a new kind of civilization emerges from the convergence of two megatrends. First, humans will become cyborgs, as our biology becomes integrated with technology. Second, our built environment will incorporate more artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cConscious technology raises profound dangers, including artificial intelligence rapidly outstripping human intelligence when it becomes able to rewrite its own code and individuals become able to make and deploy weapons of mass destruction. Minimizing the dangers and maximizing opportunities \u2013 such as improving governance with the use of collective intelligence systems, making it easier to prevent and detect crime and match needs and resources more efficiently \u2013 will require that we actively shape the evolution of conscious-technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLike every other revolution in human history, from agriculture to industry to the internet, the arrival of conscious technology will have both good and bad effects. Can we think deeply and wisely about the future we want while we still have time to shape the effects of conscious technology?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe age of conscious technology is coming as two mega technology trends converge: Our built environments will become so intelligent that they seem conscious, and humans will become so integrated with technology that we become cyborgs. Yes, humans will become cyborgs as our biology becomes integrated with technology. We are already microminiaturizing technology and putting it in and on our bodies. In the coming decades, we will augment our physiological and cognitive capacities as we now install new hardware and software on computers. This will offer access to genius-level capabilities and will connect our brains directly to information and artificial intelligence networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOur built environment will incorporate more artificial intelligence. With the Internet of Things, we are integrating chips and sensors into objects, giving them the impression of consciousness \u2013 as when we use voice commands to control heating, lighting or music in our homes. As our increasingly intelligent environments connect with our cyborg future, we will experience a continuum of our consciousness and our technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAs humans and machines become linked more closely, the distinction between the two entities will blur. Conscious technology will force us to confront fundamental questions about life. All ages and cultures have had mystics who have been interested in consciousness and the meaning of life, as well as technocrats who have been interested in developing technology to improve the future. All cultures have a mix of the two, but the representatives of each viewpoint tend to be isolated from and prejudiced toward each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cTo improve the quality of the Conscious-Technology Age, the attitudes of mystics and approaches of technocrats should merge. For example, we can think of a city as a machine to provide electricity, water, shelter, transportation and income; or we can think of it as a set of human minds spiritually evolving and exciting our consciousness. Both are necessary. Without the technocratic management, the city\u2019s physical infrastructure would not work; without the spiritual element, the city would be a boring place to live. Like the musician who reports feeling his consciousness merge with the music and his instrument to produce a great performance, one can imagine the future \u2018performance\u2019 of a city, or of civilization as a whole, as a holistic synthesis experience of the continuum between technology and consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHistory teaches us that civilizations need a kind of \u2018perceptual glue\u2019 to hold them together, whether in the form of religious myths or stories about national origins or destinies. The idea of a feedback loop between consciousness and technology moving toward a more enlightened civilization offers a perceptual glue to help harmonize the many cultures of the world into a new global civilization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThere are profound dangers along the path toward a conscious-technology civilization. At some point, it is likely that development will start to happen very quickly. When artificial intelligence is able to rewrite its own code, based on feedback from global sensor networks, it will be able to get more intelligent from moment to moment. It could evolve beyond our control in either a positive or a destructive fashion. The question is: By exploring scenarios about the possible future evolution of artificial intelligence can we make wise decisions now about what kinds of new software and capabilities to create?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAs cognition-enhancing technology develops, we will have a world full of augmented geniuses. With the new perceptual, technological and artificial biological powers at their disposal, a single individual could be able to make and deploy weapons of mass destruction \u2013 a prospect known as SIMAD, or \u2018Single Individual Massively Destructive.\u2019 We already have structures, albeit imperfect, to monitor and prevent the mass-destructive capacity of nation-states and groups \u2013 what structures could prevent the threat of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Lone_Actors_An_Emerging_Security_Threat\/MQxRCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Single+Individual+MAssively+Destructive&amp;pg=PA233&amp;printsec=frontcover\">SIMADs<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cConnecting human brains directly to information and artificial intelligence networks raises the question of whether minds could be hacked and manipulated. How can we minimize the potential for information or perceptual warfare and its potential consequence of widespread paranoia?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAccelerated automation will render much of today\u2019s work unnecessary. Driverless vehicles could remove the need for taxi, bus and truck drivers. Personal care robots could take over many functions of nurses and care workers. Artificial intelligence could make humans redundant in professions such as law and research. Will conscious technology create more jobs than it replaces? Or is massive structural unemployment inevitable, requiring the development of new concepts of economics and work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf we think ahead and plan well, the conscious-technology civilization could become better than we can currently imagine. Governance could be vastly improved by collective intelligence systems; it could become easier to prevent and detect crime; needs and resources could be matched more efficiently; opportunities for self-actualization could abound; and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe must think through the possibilities of the Conscious-Technology Age today in order to shape its evolution to create the future civilization we desire.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-grandest-challenge-humans-face-may-be-the-emergence-of-a-dangerous-alternative-species\">The grandest challenge humans face may be the emergence of a dangerous alternative species<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>David Barnhizer,<\/strong> a professor of law emeritus, human rights expert and founder\/director of an environmental law clinic, said, \u201cThe \u2018bad\u2019 in celebrating the undeniable \u2018good\u2019 that will flow from further developments in AI and robotics, is that we can move too fast and be blind to the \u2018bad.\u2019 We face extremely serious challenges in our immediate and near-term future. Those challenges include social disintegration, largescale job loss, rising inequality and poverty, increasingly authoritarian political systems, surveillance, loss of privacy, violence and vicious competition for resources. With the possibility of social turmoil in mind, former Facebook project manager, <a href=\"https:\/\/mashable.com\/article\/silicon-valley-automation-apocalypse-jamie-bartlett\">Antonio Garcia Martinez<\/a>, quit his job and moved to an isolated location due to what he saw as the relentless development of AI\/robotic systems that will take over as much as 50% of human work in the next 30 years in an accelerating and disruptive process. Martinez concluded that, as the predicted destruction of jobs increasingly comes to pass, it will create serious consequences for society, including the probability of high levels of violence and armed conflict as people fight over the distribution of limited resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cTesla\u2019s Elon Musk describes artificial intelligence development as the most serious threat our civilization faces. He is on record saying that the human race stands only a 5% to 10% chance of avoiding being destroyed by killer robots. Max Tegmark, physics professor at MIT, has also warned that AI\/robotics systems could \u2018break out\u2019 of human efforts to control them and endanger humanity. Tommi Jaakkola, an MIT AI researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2017\/04\/11\/5113\/the-dark-secret-at-the-heart-of-ai\/\">described the dilemma<\/a>, explaining: \u2018If you had a very small neural network [deep learning algorithm], you might be able to understand it. But once it becomes very large, and it has thousands of units per layer and maybe hundreds of layers, then it becomes quite un-understandable.\u2019 He added, \u2018We can build these models, but we don\u2019t know how they work.\u2019 This fact exists at a point that is quite early in the development of AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf Masayoshi Son, CEO of SoftBank, is right, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/09\/20\/masayoshi-son-warns-of-the-singularity.html\">AI future is a great danger<\/a>. Like anyone else trying to gain a sense of our future, we simply don\u2019t know what the future holds, but we are playing with fire and beset by unbounded hubris and tunnel vision. Like opioid and heroin addicts, it seems that we simply \u2018can\u2019t help ourselves\u2019 and will innovate, create and invent right up to the point when we aren\u2019t in control. Just because you can do something does not dictate that you should. \u2026 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mirror.co.uk\/news\/world-news\/stephen-hawking-issues-robot-warning-8300084\">Stephen Hawking warned<\/a>: \u2018I believe there is no deep difference between what can be achieved by a biological brain and what can be achieved by a computer. \u2026 Computers can, in theory, emulate human intelligence \u2013 and exceed it. \u2026 And in the future, AI could develop a will of its own \u2013 a will that is in conflict with ours. In short, the rise of powerful AI will be either the best, or the worst, thing ever to happen to humanity.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHawking is not alone. Oxford University philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nickbostrom.com\/\">Nick Bostrom<\/a> focuses on the development of artificial intelligence systems, although he says he hopes that future will be quite positive, he has raised the possibility that fully developed AI\/robotic systems may be the final invention of the human race, indicating we are \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2016\/jun\/12\/nick-bostrom-artificial-intelligence-machine\">like small children playing with a bomb<\/a>.\u2019 The developments in AI\/robotics are so rapid and uncontrolled that Hawking posited that a \u2018rogue\u2019 AI system could be difficult to defend against, given humans\u2019 greedy and stupid tendencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAlready today we are inundated with deceptive AI propaganda \u2018bots\u2019 and subjected to continuous invasions into our most private and personal information. Big data mining is being used by businesses and governments to create virtual simulacra of us so that they can more efficiently anticipate our actions, preferences and needs. This is aimed at manipulating and persuading us to act to advance agendas and to deliver advantages. If people such as Hawking, Tegmark, Bostrom and Musk are even partially correct in their concerns, we are witnessing the emergence of an alternative species that could ultimately represent a fundamental threat to the human race.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several of these experts wrote about the urgent need to make moves now to establish systems and processes to help society cope with expected modes of far more significant change that are currently in their early days that are likely to completely alter almost everything in the near to far future. 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