{"id":92696,"date":"2023-02-02T11:50:22","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T16:50:22","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:19","slug":"from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/","title":{"rendered":"From Looking for Love to Swiping the Field: Online Dating in the U.S."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-prc-block-subtitle\" aria-level=\"2\">Tinder is the most widely used dating platform in the U.S. About half of those who have used dating sites or apps have had positive experiences, and some have met their partners on one. But safety and harassment remain issues<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114649\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_23-01-15_onlinedating_featured-1-png-2\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"aa9e7c\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #aa9e7c;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/PI_23.01.15_OnlineDating_featured-1.png?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/PI_23.01.15_OnlineDating_featured-1.png?resize=782,440 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/PI_23.01.15_OnlineDating_featured-1.png?resize=960,540 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/PI_23.01.15_OnlineDating_featured-1.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/PI_23.01.15_OnlineDating_featured-1.png?resize=1281,721 1281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/02\/PI_23.01.15_OnlineDating_featured-1.png?w=640\" alt=\"(YakobchukOlena\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-114649 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(YakobchukOlena\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand Americans\u2019 experiences with dating sites and apps and their views of online dating generally. This survey was conducted among 6,034 U.S. adults from July 5-17, 2022. This included 4,996 respondents from the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. It also included an oversample of 1,038 respondents from Ipsos\u2019 KnowledgePanel who indicated that they are lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB), with oversampled groups weighted back to reflect proportions in the population. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_Online-Dating_TOPLINE.pdf\">questions used for this analysis<\/a>, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/online-dating-appendix-a-methodology\/\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A note about the Asian adult sample<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This survey includes a total sample size of 234 Asian adults. The sample primarily includes English-speaking Asian adults and, therefore, may not be representative of the overall Asian adult population. Despite this limitation, it is important to report the views of Asian adults on the topics in this study. As always, Asian adults\u2019 responses are incorporated into the general population figures throughout this report. Asian adults are shown as a separate group when the question was asked of the full sample. Because of the relatively small sample size and a reduction in precision due to weighting, results are not shown separately for Asian adults for questions that were only asked of online dating users or other filtered questions. We are also not able to analyze Asian adults by demographic categories, such as gender, age or education.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether searching for \u201cthe one\u201d or \u201cthe right now,\u201d Americans are turning to the internet to help them find companionship, commitment or casual encounters. Three-in-ten U.S. adults say they have ever used a dating site or app, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted July 5-17, 2022. Their experiences range from triumphant to troubling, as some report meeting a partner online or being excited about prospects, while others report facing harassment or scams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People have a number of dating sites and apps to choose from in today\u2019s market. Tinder is the most commonly used dating site or app among the list of eight measured in the survey. Some 46% of Americans who have ever used a dating site or app say they have used it, which represents 14% of all U.S. adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114601\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eaedf0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-01.png?resize=480,346 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-01.png?resize=782,563 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-01.png?resize=960,692 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-01.png?resize=1200,864 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-01.png?resize=1280,922 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-01.png\" alt=\"Nearly half of online dating users \u2013 and about eight-in-ten users under 30 \u2013 report ever using Tinder, making it the most widely used dating platform in the U.S.\" class=\"wp-image-114601 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eaedf0; width:640px\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About three-in-ten online dating users \u2013 equaling roughly one-in-ten adults overall \u2013 report ever using Match or Bumble. OkCupid, eharmony and Hinge have each been used by roughly one-in-five online dating users (6% each among all adults).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While Grindr and HER are used by small shares of online dating users overall, they are far more popular among lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) online dating users.[1. The LGB category includes those who are lesbian, gay or bisexual. This is the unit of analysis in this report because the sample sizes for some of the categories are too small to analyze individually when studying online dating users. The combined category is used throughout this report so that broad comparisons can be made to highlight differences among groups. When possible, the Center prefers to break out subgroups to show the differences that may exist between groups of people, since the experiences and behaviors of those who are lesbian, gay or bisexual, for example, may be quite different. Additionally, since this research is focused on sexual orientation, not gender identity, and due to the fact that the transgender population in the U.S. is very small, transgender respondents are not identified separately.] Some 34% of LGB users say they have ever tried Grindr and 10% say this about HER.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And owing to the <a href=\"https:\/\/labusinessjournal.com\/featured\/dating-apps-prosper-in-an-evolving-market\/\">wide range<\/a> of dating platforms available to Americans, about three-in-ten online dating users say they have ever used another dating site or app not on this list (see <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/the-who-where-and-why-of-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/#adults-under-30-Tinder-use\">Chapter 1<\/a> of this report for a discussion of these responses).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The dating sites and apps people have used also vary widely by age. For example, 79% of online dating users under 30 say they have used Tinder, versus 44% of those ages 30 to 49 and smaller shares of those 50 and older. On the other hand, Match is more popular among online dating users 50 to 64 than among those in other age groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like the Center\u2019s 2019 study, this survey primarily explored the experiences of online dating users in general \u2013 that is, no matter what platforms they have used. The overall share of Americans who report using any type of dating site or app \u2013 30% \u2013 is unchanged since <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2020\/02\/06\/the-virtues-and-downsides-of-online-dating\/\">the last time<\/a> the Center studied this topic. As was true then, some groups are more likely to have tried online dating than others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114603\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e9ed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-02.png?resize=480,789 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-02.png?resize=782,1285 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-02.png?resize=840,1380 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-02.png\" alt=\"Roughly a quarter of LGB adults, those under 30 have used a dating site or app in the past year, eclipsing their peers\" class=\"wp-image-114603 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e9ed; width:420px\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some 53% of adults under 30 have ever used a dating site or app \u2013 including a quarter who have used one in the past year. This compares with 37% of those ages 30 to 49 who have ever tried online dating and smaller shares of those 50 to 64 (20%) and 65 and older (13%) who say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond age differences, LGB adults stand out for their use of dating sites and apps: 51% of this group have used one, including 24% who have in the past year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also more modest differences by community type, education and gender. Similar shares of Americans across racial and ethnic groups say they have ever used a dating site or app.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/the-attraction-doctor\/201404\/pros-and-cons-online-dating\">upsides and downsides<\/a> of dating digitally have inspired <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/newsletters\/archive\/2022\/09\/19-readers-on-the-rise-of-dating-apps\/671416\/\">considerable debate<\/a>. One of the key questions surrounding online dating is whether these platforms lead to long-term relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114606\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e3e6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-03.png?resize=480,692 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-03.png?resize=620,894 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-03.png\" alt=\"About a quarter of partnered LGB adults say they met their match online dating\" class=\"wp-image-114606 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e3e6; width:310px\" width=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One-in-ten adults who are partnered \u2013 that is, they are married, living with a partner or in a committed romantic relationship \u2013 say they met this person on a dating site or app. The share rises to 20% of partnered adults under 30 who say online dating brought them together; about a quarter of LGB partnered adults say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even so, Americans overall have divided views on some aspects of online dating. For example, not everyone thinks this is a safe way to meet people. About half (48%) say dating sites and apps are a very or somewhat safe way to meet people, while 49% say they are not at all or not too safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And the experiences of online dating users, themselves, are also mixed. About half describe their experiences as positive. But some 48% report that their experience on dating sites or apps has included at least one of four unwanted behaviors the survey explored: receiving unsolicited sexual messages or images, experiencing unwanted continued contact, being called an offensive name or being physically threatened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are among the major findings from the nationally representative Pew Research Center survey of 6,034 U.S. adults, conducted from July 5-17, 2022. The following are additional key insights from the survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-beige-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"terminology\">Terminology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout this report, the following terms related to online dating and relationships are used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family wp-block-list\" style=\"font-size:14px\">\n<li><strong>Online dating users<\/strong> refers to the 30% of Americans who answered yes to the following question: \u201cHave you ever used an online dating site or dating app?\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Current or recent online dating users<\/strong> refers to the 9% of adults who had used a dating site or app in the past year as of the July survey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Partnered<\/strong> refers to the 69% of U.S. adults who describe themselves as married, living with a partner, or in a committed romantic relationship.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Single and looking<\/strong> refers to the 13% of U.S. adults who do not describe themselves as married, living with a partner or in a committed romantic relationship and who are looking for a committed romantic relationship only, casual dates only, or either of these things.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;Roughly-half-of-those-who-have-used-dating-sites-or-apps-say-experiences-have-been-positive-and-about-a-third-have-paid-to-use-a-platform&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Roughly-half-of-those-who-have-used-dating-sites-or-apps-say-experiences-have-been-positive-and-about-a-third-have-paid-to-use-a-platform\">Roughly half of those who have used dating sites or apps say experiences have been positive and about a third have paid to use a platform<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114610\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-04-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e1e4e4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-04.png?resize=480,321 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-04.png?resize=782,523 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-04.png?resize=840,562 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-04.png\" alt=\"53% of those who have used a dating site or app at some point say their experiences have been positive\" class=\"wp-image-114610 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e1e4e4; width:420px\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asked to describe their experiences overall, Americans who have tried online dating are somewhat divided over whether their time on these platforms has been for the better or the worse. Some 53% of online dating users say their experiences have been at least somewhat positive, including 14% who say they have been very positive. A slightly smaller share (46%) say their experiences have been very or somewhat negative overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These experiences vary by demographics like gender, race and ethnicity, household income and sexual orientation. For example, men are more likely than women to report positive experiences (57% vs. 48%); LGB users are more likely than straight users to say the same (61% vs. 53%). There has been no change in the overall shares of online dating users who say their experiences have been positive or negative since 2019, though there have been a few small shifts among demographic groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114613\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-05-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dee1e0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-05.png?resize=480,414 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-05.png?resize=782,674 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-05.png?resize=842,726 842w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-05.png\" alt=\"About a third of online dating users have paid to use a dating site or app, and this is more common among those with higher incomes \" class=\"wp-image-114613 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dee1e0; width:420px\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A number of aspects of the online dating experience can come with a price tag, as dating sites and apps offer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/dating-apps-paid-memberships-tinder-raya-hinge-11664984612\">paid versions or features<\/a> \u2013 like being able to see who likes you or getting extra time to message someone. Some 35% of Americans who have ever used a dating site or app have paid to use one at some point, which includes those who have paid for extra features on a platform they already were using.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This share is greater among online dating users with upper incomes (45%) than for those with middle (36%) or lower incomes (28%).[2. Family incomes are based on 2020 earnings and adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and for household sizes. Middle income is defined here as two-thirds to double the median annual family income for all panelists on the American Trends Panel. Lower income falls below that range; upper income falls above it.] <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;Experiences-with-harassment,-scams-on-dating-sites-differ-by-gender,-age&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Experiences-with-harassment,-scams-on-dating-sites-differ-by-gender,-age\">Experiences with harassment, scams on dating sites differ by gender, age<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey further explored users\u2019 encounters with those who have less-than-noble intentions while on dating sites and apps \u2013 including those who harass or scam users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some 38% of online dating users have been sent a sexually explicit message they didn\u2019t ask for on dating sites or apps; 30% have had someone continue to contact them after they said they were not interested; 24% have been called an offensive name; and 6% have had someone threaten to physically harm them. All told, about half of those who have ever used dating sites or apps (48%) say they have experienced at least one of these four unwanted behaviors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114617\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-06-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e6ea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-06.png?resize=480,303 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-06.png?resize=782,494 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-06.png?resize=960,606 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-06.png?resize=1200,758 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-06.png?resize=1280,808 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-06.png\" alt=\"A majority of women younger than 50 who have used dating sites or apps have received unwanted sexually explicit messages or images on these platforms\" class=\"wp-image-114617 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e6ea; width:640px\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Women are more likely than men to have experienced each of these four behaviors on dating sites and apps that were covered in the survey, and this is largely driven by women under 50. Some 56% of women under 50 who have ever used a dating site or app have been sent unwanted sexually explicit content and about four-in-ten each have been contacted after they said they were not interested (43%) or called an offensive name (37%). Some 11% of this group have been threatened with physical harm on a dating site or app.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All told, about two-thirds (66%) of women under 50 who have tried online dating have experienced at least one of these four unwanted behaviors the survey explored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LGB users are also particularly likely to experience these things while on dating sites and apps: 64% have faced at least one of the four unwanted experiences the survey covered compared with a smaller share of straight users (45%). Specifically, they are more likely than straight users to say they have ever received unwanted sexual messages or images (56% vs. 34%), experienced unwanted continued contact (42% vs. 28%), or been called offensive names (33% vs. 22%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Black users are also more likely than White users to say they have received unwanted sexual images or messages (47% vs. 35%), while Hispanic users are more likely to report receiving physical threats than their White counterparts (11% vs. 4%). There are no differences by race or ethnicity in receiving continued unwanted contact or being called offensive names.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aside from harassment, scams are also a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/data-visualizations\/data-spotlight\/2022\/02\/reports-romance-scams-hit-record-highs-2021\">potential concern<\/a> on dating sites. Some 52% of online dating users think they have encountered a scammer while using them, and this varies by age and gender. Among online dating users, a majority of men under 50 (63%) say they have come across a potential scammer, compared with smaller shares of men 50 and older (47%) or women of any age (44%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;Men-and-women-who-have-used-dating-platforms-in-past-year-differ-in-their-reactions-to-how-many-messages-they-have-gotten-in-that-time&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Men-and-women-who-have-used-dating-platforms-in-past-year-differ-in-their-reactions-to-how-many-messages-they-have-gotten-in-that-time\">Men and women who have used dating platforms in past year differ in their reactions to how many messages they have gotten in that time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some 9% of Americans report using a dating site or app in the past year as of the July survey, and these current or recent users express a mix of emotions about who they see on the platforms and how communications flow on them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114620\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-07-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ededec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-07.png?resize=480,616 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-07.png?resize=782,1004 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-07.png?resize=840,1078 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-07.png\" alt=\"Women, men using dating platforms in past year feel differently about the number of messages they get \u2013 women more likely to be overwhelmed; men, insecure\" class=\"wp-image-114620 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ededec; width:420px\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vast majorities of current or recent online dating users say they have been disappointed (88%) and excited (79%) at least sometimes by people they have seen on the platforms over the past year. This is true regardless of gender. For example, 81% of men and 75% of women report at least some excitement over the people they have encountered recently on dating sites and apps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But when it comes to actually connecting with people, not everyone is happy with the amount of messages they get.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some 55% of current or recent users say they have at least sometimes been insecure because of the lack of messages they have received in the past year, with this feeling far more common among men than women (64% vs. 40%). On the flip side, 36% of these current or recent users say they are overwhelmed by the number of messages at least sometimes, and this is far more common among women than men (54% vs. 25%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114625\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-08-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ededed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-08.png?resize=480,539 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-08.png?resize=782,879 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-08.png?resize=840,944 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-08.png\" alt=\"Similar shares of men versus women who have online dated recently say a major reason is to find a partner, dates, friends; differences emerge for casual sex\" class=\"wp-image-114625 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ededed; width:420px\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to four potential reasons why people might be on dating platforms, 44% of current or recent users say a major reason they are there is to find a long-term partner and a similar share (40%) say this about dating casually. Smaller shares say this about having casual sex (24%) or finding new friends (22%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Men and women do not differ on three of these four reasons, but casual sex is the exception. The share of men who have used dating sites or apps in the past year and say having casual sex is a major reason is 18 points greater than the share of women users who say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;Americans-hold-mixed-views-on-what-online-dating-means-for-finding-a-partner-and-the-choices-people-have&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Americans-hold-mixed-views-on-what-online-dating-means-for-finding-a-partner-and-the-choices-people-have\">Americans hold mixed views on what online dating means for finding a partner and the choices people have<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These findings come as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/dc-md-va\/2022\/02\/07\/dc-author-loneliness-pandemic\/\">value of human connection<\/a> is on many people\u2019s minds after the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/\">COVID-19 pandemic<\/a> upended in-person interaction for a time. Still, Americans\u2019 opinions and experiences reflect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2014\/02\/all-romantic-relationships-are-digital-now\/283863\/\">longstanding debates<\/a> over the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2020\/05\/08\/dating-and-relationships-in-the-digital-age\/\">impact of technology<\/a> on relationships that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/family\/archive\/2022\/09\/technology-happiness-communication-relationships\/671586\/\">continue to evolve<\/a> today.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114630\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-09-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d5d9d9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-09.png?resize=480,554 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-09.png?resize=782,903 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-09.png?resize=840,970 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-09.png\" alt=\"Americans lean toward thinking dating sites and apps make finding a partner easier versus harder, but some say the number of choices they present isn\u2019t idea\" class=\"wp-image-114630 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d5d9d9; width:420px\" width=\"420\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asked about their perceptions of online dating \u2013 regardless of whether they have tried it or not \u2013 Americans overall see some positives: People tend to think these platforms make finding a partner easier rather than harder, though about a third say it has made no difference. Views on the choices these platforms provide are mixed, with about four-in-ten each saying they present too many choices or that it\u2019s the right amount. About one-in-ten say they present too few. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to online dating\u2019s overall impact on dating and relationships, people are relatively ambivalent, as was the case in 2019. Americans are about as likely to say online dating\u2019s impact has been mostly negative (21%) as mostly positive (18%). But the majority (59%) say the impact of dating sites and apps has been neither positive nor negative, up from the share who said this in 2019 (50%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;Men-and-women-differ-in-their-views-of-online-dating\\u2019s-safety&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Men-and-women-differ-in-their-views-of-online-dating\u2019s-safety\">Men and women differ in their views of online dating\u2019s safety<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even as more Americans think these platforms have made finding a partner easier than harder, safety remains a top-of-mind issue for the public. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fox10phoenix.com\/news\/california-congressman-rolls-out-legislation-to-protect-online-dating-users-curb-fraud-and-deception\">Lawmakers<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weau.com\/2022\/02\/02\/law-enforcement-offers-online-dating-safety-tips\/\">law enforcement<\/a> alike have warned about potential <a href=\"https:\/\/www.getsafeonline.org\/personal\/articles\/online-dating\/\">risks<\/a> of meeting people on dating platforms. At the same time, companies that run the platforms have voiced a <a href=\"https:\/\/mashable.com\/article\/tinder-in-app-healthy-dating-guides\">commitment to safety<\/a> by rolling out features to protect daters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans are about evenly split on whether online dating is safe for meeting people or not \u2013 49% say not at all or not too safe, while 48% say very or somewhat safe. Overall, the share of Americans who say online dating is safe for meeting people is down slightly from the last time the Center studied this in 2019 \u2013 from 53% to 48%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-114634\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/2023\/02\/02\/from-looking-for-love-to-swiping-the-field-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/pi_2023-02-02_online-dating_0-10-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dadfdf\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-10.png?resize=480,378 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-10.png?resize=782,616 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-10.png?resize=960,756 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-10.png?resize=1200,945 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-10.png?resize=1280,1008 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/01\/PI_2023.02.02_online-dating_0-10.png\" alt=\"Americans are divided on online dating\u2019s safety, but a majority support requiring background checks for online dating profiles\" class=\"wp-image-114634 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dadfdf; width:640px\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Women are more concerned about safety than men, with a majority of women (57%) saying dating sites and apps are not a safe way to meet people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views on safety also vary by age. Some 56% of adults under 50 say the platforms are a safe way to meet people versus smaller shares of those ages 50 to 64 (45%) and 65 and older (34%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mirroring the overall dip in perceptions of safety, there are comparable, slight declines in the shares of some demographic groups who say online dating is safe since 2019 \u2013 including women (down 5 percentage points from 46%) and Americans 65 and older (down 6 points from 40%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who have ever been on a dating site or app are also more likely to think these sites are a safe way to meet people than those who have not used one (67% vs. 41%). But just as with Americans overall, there are deep divides among online dating users by demographics in perceptions of safety. For example, among those who have used a dating site or app, women are far more likely than men to say these platforms are not a safe way to meet people (41% vs. 23%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In light of safety considerations, dating platforms have <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/07\/13\/match-expands-tinders-free-background-checks-to-two-more-dating-apps\/\">started to offer<\/a> background checks for users who want to know more about someone they match with \u2013 but while some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-62206485\">argue<\/a> these precautions can protect users, others <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/2022\/03\/16\/tinder-dating-background-checks\/\">believe they have downsides<\/a>. The survey explored how Americans feel about a related step dating sites and apps might take \u2013 requiring background checks <em>before <\/em>someone creates a profile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Requiring background checks has majority support in the survey: Six-in-ten adults say companies that run dating sites and apps should require background checks before someone creates a profile. Still, 15% say companies should not do this and 24% are not sure what they think.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views vary by demographics like gender and age. Women are 10 points more likely than men to say companies that run dating platforms should require background checks. And while 53% of adults under 50 favor this, that share rises to 62% among those 50 to 64 and 73% among those ages 65 and older.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These background checks also have greater support among those concerned about safety: Roughly seven-in-ten of those who think online dating is not a safe way to meet people say companies should require these types of checks, versus a smaller share of those who say it\u2019s at least somewhat safe (71% vs. 49%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, background checks do not have majority support among online dating users, themselves. Those who have ever used a dating site or app are less likely to say companies should require background checks in order to be on the apps compared with those who have not used the platforms (47% vs. 65%).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tinder is the most widely used dating platform in the U.S. About half of those who have used dating sites or apps have had positive experiences, and some have met their partners on one; however, safety and harassment remain issues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":377,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"Tinder is the most widely used dating platform in the U.S. About half of those who have used dating sites or apps have had positive experiences, and some have met their partners on one. But safety and harassment remain issues","sub_title":"Tinder is the most widely used dating platform in the U.S. About half of those who have used dating sites or apps have had positive experiences, and some have met their partners on one. 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