{"id":91249,"date":"2000-07-27T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2000-07-27T05:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2000\/07\/27\/sources-and-evidence\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:16:40","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:16:40","slug":"sources-and-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2000\/07\/27\/sources-and-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Sources and Evidence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usually, different news sources came with different kinds of evidence. Outside experts were more likely to offer some proof for the claims (92% versus 81% overall) and to base their proof on the candidate&#8217;s public record (43% versus 31% overall).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Journalists on the other hand, referred to the public record just 28% of the time and offered no evidence 22% of time.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> The candidates were the next most likely source to offer evidence (83%) and in doing so, referred to the public record (36%).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" align=\"center\">\n<p><strong>Evidence Used by the Various Sources<\/strong><br>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\"> <\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Journalist<br>\u00a0\u00a0 (n=661)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Candidate<br>\u00a0\u00a0 (n=329)\u00a0 <\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Surrogate<br>\u00a0\u00a0 (n=160)\u00a0 <\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Expert<br>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (n=73)\u00a0 <\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Voter<br>\u00a0 \u00a0 (n=45)\u00a0 <\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Other Media<br> (n=38)<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\" valign=\"bottom\">Other<br>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (n=24)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Voter interaction<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3%<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">1%<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">6%<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">16%<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0%<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">17%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Public record<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">28<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">36<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">28<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">43<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">20<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">16<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Recent remarks<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">7<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">9<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">13<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Camp. platform<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">13<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">9<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">5<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Tactics \/rhetoric<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">14<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">23<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">13<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Opponent attack<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">16<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Friends&#8217; remarks<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Past personal life<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">13<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Poll<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">Other media<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">*<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\" height=\"13\">Other<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\" colspan=\"8\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\">No evidence<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">22<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">17<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">17<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">36<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">37<\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\" colspan=\"8\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"source\" align=\"center\"><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Usually, different news sources came with different kinds of evidence. Outside experts were more likely to offer some proof for the claims (92% versus 81% overall) and to base their proof on the candidate&#8217;s public record (43% versus 31% overall). Journalists on the other hand, referred to the public record just 28% of the time [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":null,"sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[527],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-91249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-journalism"],"label":false,"post_parent":91174,"word_count":122,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2000\/07\/27\/sources-and-evidence\/","art_direction":false,"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":91174,"title":"A 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