{"id":90902,"date":"2006-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-11-27T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2006\/11\/27\/the-cable-news-networks\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:16:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:16:34","slug":"the-cable-news-networks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-cable-news-networks\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cable News Networks"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 id=\"cable-news\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cable News <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">With their wall-to-wall coverage, their battle-ready brigade of pundits and correspondents, and exit poll results already in hand, the cable news channels were eager for election night. The genre of national TV news born in 1980 with CNN now dominates election night coverage on television, at least when it comes to time and personnel devoted to the effort. The commercial broadcast networks have in that sense ceded the ground to cable. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">When it came to delivering on that time, the late nature of the election calls exposed cable news\u2019 inordinate reliance on live talk, particularly from outside \u201cexperts.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">While the coverage was pervaded by a sense that Democrats might be headed for a big night, many of the tight victories in key Congressional districts did not become apparent until later in the night\u2014and in the case of the Virginia and Montana Senate races, until a day later. This left cable anchors and commentators with a stagnant electoral map for large chunks of time. (\u201cGreat, at least we can project something,\u201d snapped mildly annoyed Fox New Channel anchor Brit Hume, when informed that the network, at 8:30 p.m., was ready to predict that Tennessee voters would pass a gay marriage ban.)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">That problem was exacerbated by the lack of both fresh reporting from the field and prepared story packages to fill that void. That left in-studio pundits with a lot of time to rehash familiar themes and spin. When CNN contributors Bill Bennett and Paul Begala spent time debating the merits of Begala\u2019s characterization of Rush Limbaugh as a \u201cdrug-addled gas bag,\u201d it was one signal of a dearth of news.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">In the end, while cable news has the time to fill and an audience that is presumably so serious that it can\u2019t wait for the broadcast networks that were to come on at 10:00, the channels are still imagining their role as putting on a live show and reporting and analyzing results. They defined the story as what occurred that night, relying on people in the studio rather than written and edited reporting from the field to explain how and why that might have occurred.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>The Fox News Channel (FNC<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Just one minute into the network\u2019s 6 o\u2019clock \u201cSpecial Report with Brit Hume\u201d election show, FNC exit poll point man Chris Wallace was already hinting at a potential Democratic victory, rattling off exit poll numbers that showed 58% of voters disapproving of Bush\u2019s job performance, 62% of them saying national issues mattered most, and 57% of late deciders breaking for the Democrats. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">It was a key early \u201ctell,\u201d as to the possible outcome, as were the exit data an hour later showing that 54% of the voters in Virginia\u2014site of the pivotal Jim Webb-George Allen Senate fight\u2014opposed the war in Iraq, a favorable sign for the Democratic challenger.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/Fox%20Commentary.JPG\" alt=\"\" width=\"318\" height=\"247\" align=\"left\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there was a paradox at play. Even as the network was showcasing some exit poll data, a significant part of its coverage entailed Hume\u2019s repeated assertions that the exits\u2014which have had their problems in the past three election cycles\u2014were unreliable and biased toward the Democrats. That story line came to a dramatic conclusion at 9:25 p.m. when FNC contributor Michael Barone stared glumly into the camera and informed viewers that because of a tilt toward the Democrats of between six and eight points, \u201cwe are not going to be relying on exit poll information anymore,\u201d in projecting winners. Fox was the only network to treat the exits data with such disdain and mistrust and to make it a major theme of the early commentary. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Observers might not have needed exit polls to sense the electoral winds when at 9:15 Republican National Committee Chairman Ken Mehlman talked with interviewer Chris Wallace enthusiastically about the prospect of bi-partisan governance in Washington.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Some 20 minutes later, after the network projected a key Democratic win in Kentucky\u2019s Third Congressional District, Hume\u2014who remained wary all night about predicting the overall outcome\u2014gingerly acknowledged that \u201cwe\u2019re beginning to see the early outlines of what we could consider a trend.\u201d<span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Fox relied on its main Fox political panel of pundits to fill much of its airtime. The group, Fred Barnes and William Kristol of the Weekly Standard, veteran commentator Mort Kondracke, and Juan Williams of National Public Radio, endeavored to sustain their energy throughout the course of the long and sometimes static evening. Kristol, using a John Madden-style telestrating device to keep track of changing Congressional seats, seemed listless at the task. Without reporters in the field with news, or background packages offering context or documentary style recap of the race and its dimensions, they carried the load.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 281px;height: 216px\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/foxlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"281\" height=\"216\" align=\"right\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One hurdle may have been the reliance on opinion journalists. Kristol and Barnes\u2014top editors at the conservative Weekly Standard magazine\u2014may have had little enthusiasm about the evening\u2019s events, particularly Kristol, who remains an advisor and activist as well as an opinion journalist. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">The night also did not pass without one Democrat taking a slap at Fox (Democratic operatives now make accusations that Fox tilts rightward one of their talking points). When Chris Wallace asked Democratic National Committee chair Howard Dean, shortly after 9 p.m., if he wanted to declare victory, Dean demurred, responding that \u201cwe\u2019re being very conservative, if I may say so, in a conservative station.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">It was more than two hours later, at 11:18, when the FNC, which eked out a narrow ratings win over CNN, became the last major network to declare that the Democrats would capture the House. Conspiracy buffs may be suspicious, but the late call was in keeping with Hume\u2019s innate caution, the network\u2019s expressed lack of faith in its exit poll, and some history. The last two presidential election nights looked glum for the GOP early on, too, and turned around, enough to give any journalist caution. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>CNN<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">CNN apparently has begun requiring that its newscasters repeat as a marketing slogan the claim that it had the \u201cbest political team on television\u201d\u2014in much the same way that Fox newscasters appear to be instructed to repeat \u201cfair and balanced.\u201d On election night this team seemed eager to stage an extravaganza, using a combination of high-tech bells and whistles and a battalion of anchors, correspondents, pundits, and bloggers<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 300px;height: 180px\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/cnnlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" align=\"left\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But CNN ambitions for technical superiority\u2014the cable equivalent of shock and awe\u2014had its limits. At one point the cameras panned to the flat screen monitor in front of commentator William Bennett only to discover he was watching the same thing that people at home were\u2014an image of William Bennett watching CNN anchor Anderson Cooper.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">The moment reflected a noticeable self consciousness in CNN\u2019s election coverage.<span> <\/span>So aware seem CNN\u2019s people of trying to brand themselves with viewers, their coverage at times seemed as much about CNN as well as the election returns. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">On paper, the advantage CNN has always had over its cable rivals was that it has a larger staff, more reporters, bureaus and producers. But it has struggled over years how to capitalize on the advantage.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">This night it crammed its cavalcade of stars into the coverage, though in studio rather than from around the country. Wolf Blitzer hosted, and Jeff Greenfield was the key analyst. Cooper, the prime-time personality the network is most aggressively marketing, was the ringmaster handling one panel of pundits and another comprised of CNN correspondents. An odd couple of political analysts, Bill Schneider and prime time host Paula Zahn, helped dissect the exit polls. Financial journalist turned opinionated populist, Lou Dobbs, handled the big interviews, and curmudgeonly Jack Cafferty was on hand to solicit emails. Blitzer and Cooper would emerge as the figures getting the most camera time.<\/p>\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/CNN%20Blog%20Party.JPG\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"325\" height=\"259\" align=\"right\"><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">On occasion, CNN skipped around to its correspondents for reports from Democratic headquarters in Washington and from hotly contested Virginia, but that represented only a small part of the coverage. This was augmented by a highly touted array of bloggers, ensconced in a Washington DC caf\u00e9. The idea was a nod to the growing influence of this \u201cnew media\u201d platform. But the few blogger segments\u2013including one about their role in promoting the insurgent candidacy of Connecticut\u2019s Democratic Senate candidate Ned Lamont\u2014were marred, according to the bloggers themselves on their sites, by technical problems, which may have limited their appearances. It is also not clear how blogging, which involves people typing text into a computer, plays as television. Is a blogger talking on TV a commentator?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">CNN\u2019s coverage would also careen from cues about a Democratic sweep on the one hand and a lot of close, late-breaking races on the other.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Some hints came early. Correspondent Dana Bash talked about \u201cdepressed\u201d Republicans and \u201cgiddy\u201d Democrats as early as 6:02 p.m. A short time later, Republican strategist Ed Rollins practically admitted defeat, declaring, \u201cWe thought we were election proof, and obviously this election shows we weren\u2019t.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Among CNN\u2019s own contingent, the palpable reluctance to predict a Democratic victory lasted well into the evening, leading viewers to perhaps wonder whether the early positive indicators for the Democrats were\u2014as was the case in 2000 and 2004\u2014about to be proved wrong.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">At 9:22, CNN projected Democrat John Yarmouth to unseat Republican incumbent Anne Northrup in a key race, in Kentucky\u2019s Third Congressional District. But in an interview with Dobbs an hour later Democratic Congressman and House victory architect Rahm Emmanuel, at least publicly, was still avoiding declarations of victory. By 10:30, Bill Bennett was acknowledging that the Democrats, in their new role, would have to come up with a plan for Iraq. Still, it wouldn\u2019t be until 11:08 EST that CNN would project a Democratic takeover of the House. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">For cable, of course, that is 10:08 p.m.Central time, 9:08 p.m. Mountain, and 8:08 p.m. Pacific. The night was still young. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>MSNBC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">At 6:30 p.m., in interview with the brother of soon-to-be former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum, NBC\u2019s Lisa Daniels asked whether the Republican incumbent was mentally prepared for a loss. (\u201cHe tried his best,\u201d was the understandably guarded response.)<\/p>\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 300px;height: 180px\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/msnbclogo.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" align=\"right\"><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Yet it wasn\u2019t until 15 minutes later that MSNBC released actual exit poll numbers that illuminated the factors working against Santorum on November 7.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">The moment partly illustrated what would emerge as MSNBC\u2019s tendency, signature might be too strong a word, to be slightly more aggressive about making calls and trying to signal events this night. The No. 3 cable channel has clearly tried to brand itself for the intensity of its political coverage, getting major prime time hosts to anchor hours of daytime coverage in the run up to the election, in place of its regularly scheduled programs. On Election Day, MSNBC displayed a running ticker keeping track of how long it was until the polls closed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed, it would be MSNBC, along with sister broadcast network NBC, that were first to project a Democratic majority in the House, at 10:57 p.m.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/Pelosi%20acceptance.JPG\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"289\" height=\"205\" align=\"left\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like the other cable networks, one of the MSNBC\u2019s strengths was the ability to go live to some notable election night events, like incoming House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s remarks at 9:20 and to potential 2008 presidential hopeful Hillary Clinton\u2019s acceptance speech about 90 minutes later. It also had the advantage of using some of the big name NBC network talent\u2014who weren\u2019t on the air during much of the evening\u2014such as Tim Russert, Brian Williams and retired anchor Tom Brokaw. And in offering a quick lesson in the difference between a cable pundit and a broadcast anchor Williams at one point declined to speculate about the results: \u201cAs you know, I don\u2019t do opinions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">But as was the case with its other cable rivals, MSNBC also provided few interviews and fresh news from the field. So like its rivals, its program was dominated by punditry, commentary, and spin from inside its studio.<\/p>\n\n<p>[Iraq]<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">Olbermann was not alone in trying to quip. Matthews\u2014interviewing former Republican House Majority Leader Tom Delay\u2014said he envisioned the next Bush State of the Union Address replete with Vice-President Dick Cheney wearing a \u201csideways snarl and sitting on his left is a very attractive knock out woman\u201d\u2014an obvious, if somewhat sexist, reference to Pelosi.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">At 9:25, when MSNBC projected the crucial Yarmouth victory over Northrup in Kentucky, it was Matthews\u2014who was dominating the proceedings\u2014who mused aloud that only a Democratic wave could spell the end of the Congressional career of such a nice woman. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">If the tone MSNBC was looking for was hip and ironic, the sometimes excruciatingly slow pace of the evening pressured that, just as it did the insistence on covering the event with largely in-studio pundits. At 9:50 political prognosticator Charlie Cook noted that the outcome of only three of the 50 most important House battles have been called to date\u2014all for the Democrats. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">And at 11:04, seven minutes after the outlet had projected the Democrats to gain control of the House with about 230 seats, Matthews was still predicting that they would not capture the Montana, Missouri, and Virginia Senate seats needed to become the majority party in that body. He would be wrong.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span>But it was an illustration of the role MSNBC has for its hosts. They are not really anchors in the traditional broadcast journalism sense. And aside form reporting results, speculation and personal opinions probably trumped basic reporting this night.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cable News With their wall-to-wall coverage, their battle-ready brigade of pundits and correspondents, and exit poll results already in hand, the cable news channels were eager for election night. The genre of national TV news born in 1980 with CNN now dominates election night coverage on television, at least when it comes to time and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":null,"sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[921],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[527],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-90902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","bylines-benjamin-wormald","formats-report","research-teams-journalism"],"label":false,"post_parent":91723,"word_count":2223,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-cable-news-networks\/","art_direction":false,"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":91723,"title":"Election Night 2006","slug":"election-night-2006","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/election-night-2006\/","is_active":false},{"id":90892,"title":"The Aggregators","slug":"the-aggregators","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-aggregators\/","is_active":false},{"id":90897,"title":"Newspaper Websites","slug":"newspaper-websites","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/newspaper-websites\/","is_active":false},{"id":90902,"title":"The Cable News Networks","slug":"the-cable-news-networks","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-cable-news-networks\/","is_active":true},{"id":90906,"title":"The Broadcast Networks","slug":"the-broadcast-networks","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-broadcast-networks\/","is_active":false},{"id":90913,"title":"The Television Websites","slug":"the-television-websites","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-television-websites\/","is_active":false},{"id":90918,"title":"The Blogosphere","slug":"the-blogosphere-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-blogosphere-2\/","is_active":false},{"id":90760,"title":"Public Broadcasting and Online","slug":"public-broadcasting-and-online","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/public-broadcasting-and-online\/","is_active":false},{"id":90767,"title":"Magazines and Political Websites","slug":"magazines-and-political-websites","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/magazines-and-political-websites\/","is_active":false},{"id":90774,"title":"Conclusion","slug":"conclusion-6","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/conclusion-6\/","is_active":false},{"id":90782,"title":"Methodology","slug":"methodology-43-5","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/methodology-43-5\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":"","report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":90902,"title":"The Cable News Networks","slug":"the-cable-news-networks","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-cable-news-networks\/","is_active":true,"page_num":4},"next_post":{"id":90906,"title":"The Broadcast Networks","slug":"the-broadcast-networks","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-broadcast-networks\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},"previous_post":{"id":90897,"title":"Newspaper Websites","slug":"newspaper-websites","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/newspaper-websites\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},"pagination_items":[{"id":91723,"title":"Election Night 2006","slug":"election-night-2006","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/election-night-2006\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":90892,"title":"The Aggregators","slug":"the-aggregators","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-aggregators\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":90897,"title":"Newspaper Websites","slug":"newspaper-websites","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/newspaper-websites\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":90902,"title":"The Cable News Networks","slug":"the-cable-news-networks","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-cable-news-networks\/","is_active":true,"page_num":4},{"id":90906,"title":"The Broadcast Networks","slug":"the-broadcast-networks","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-broadcast-networks\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":90913,"title":"The Television Websites","slug":"the-television-websites","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-television-websites\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":90918,"title":"The Blogosphere","slug":"the-blogosphere-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/the-blogosphere-2\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":90760,"title":"Public Broadcasting and Online","slug":"public-broadcasting-and-online","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2006\/11\/27\/public-broadcasting-and-online\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":90767,"title":"Magazines and Political 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