{"id":90485,"date":"2007-12-18T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2007-12-18T05:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2007\/12\/18\/a-wide-range-of-stakeholders\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:12:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:12:30","slug":"a-wide-range-of-stakeholders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/12\/18\/a-wide-range-of-stakeholders\/","title":{"rendered":"A Wide Range of Stakeholders"},"content":{"rendered":"

The study also found that despite the dangers involved in contacting sources, journalists in Iraq managed to bring in multiple voices to their coverage.<\/p>\n\n

Slightly more than a quarter of the stories (27%) were a straight recitation of facts that basically did not call for comment or viewpoint from observers. Stories like the number of deaths that day, the departure of the last British troops from the country, or the announcement of the reburial of Saddam Hussein\u2019s sons were all covered in this manner, for example.\n\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Number of Stakeholders in Stories<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n

Another 40% of stories contained the views of at least two groups of stakeholders. And most of those (30% of all stories) contained the perspective of three or more groups of stakeholders.<\/p>\n\n

A report from April 23 Paul Zahn on CNN about the U.S. Military\u2019s plan to build 12-foot security walls is an example. The report talked to an Iraqi man who was among 7,000 Iraqis demonstrating against the wall, a CNN Military Analyst, U.S. ambassador to Iraq, Ryan Crocker and Prime Minister Maliki.<\/p>\n\n

[1]<\/p>\n\n\n

Looking at the total newshole (time and space as opposed to number of stories), the coverage is even more broadly sourced.<\/p>\n\n

Just 5% of the newshole was straight factual accounts while roughly half (49%) offered views from at least three different stakeholders. Another 13% had two perspectives.<\/p>\n\n

And one-third (33%) of the newshole was made up of stories that were either all or mostly all from one stakeholder group.<\/p>\n\n

Where the range of stakeholders was not consistent was across media genre. Text-based genres of newspapers and websites offered much more depth of views than did the broadcast genres. First, the text-based genres had less straight factual reporting. There were no such stories in newspapers and a mere 3% (5 stories in all) online. Rather, 75% of newspaper stories (77% of newshole) involved stories with more than two viewpoints as did 67% of online coverage (74% of newshole).<\/p>\n\n

[2]<\/p>\n\n\n

And when there wasn\u2019t a multiplicity of viewpoints, whose views were we hearing?<\/p>\n\n

In the main, we were hearing from American sources. Of the stories with primarily one view or stakeholder, six out of ten of these were American.<\/p>\n\n

More often than not, it was a U.S. military officer. More than a third (35%) of the stories with a single stakeholder relied on a military commander giving an official military view. Another 11% cited a soldier in the field.<\/p>\n\n

After the U.S. military, two other source types dominated these single stakeholder stories: Journalist themselves, primarily correspondents in the field (12%) and someone from the Iraqi government (10%).<\/p>\n\n

Again, these findings support the PEJ survey of journalists in Iraq. These journalists describe U.S military personnel as the easiest sources to get. Nearly nine in ten (86%) considered access to the military officers as easy or doable with some effort.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n
\n

Footnotes <\/strong><\/a>1.<\/strong> The level of stories with multiple points of view compares quite competitively with the level of multi-viewpoint reporting found when PEJ examined this issue for various media sectors in PEJ\u2019s content analysis in the 2005 State of the News Media annual report, and compares favorably to what we found in cable news.<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> \u201cWarp Speed: America in the Age of Mixed Media,\u201d Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel. New York: Century Foundation Press. 1999. p 27.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The study also found that despite the dangers involved in contacting sources, journalists in Iraq managed to bring in multiple voices to their coverage. Slightly more than a quarter of the stories (27%) were a straight recitation of facts that basically did not call for comment or viewpoint from observers. Stories like the number of 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