{"id":88120,"date":"2018-05-14T10:45:23","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T15:47:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2018\/05\/14\/most-western-europeans-trust-public-broadcasters-but-those-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-so\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T16:32:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T20:32:01","slug":"most-western-europeans-trust-public-broadcasters-but-those-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/most-western-europeans-trust-public-broadcasters-but-those-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-so\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Most Western Europeans trust public broadcasters, but those who hold populist views less so"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In addition to the open-ended question about people\u2019s main news source, the survey also asked respondents a series of questions (including those about trust) about eight specific outlets in their country, allowing for a deeper understanding of how individuals feel about their news options. The eight specific news outlets for each country were identified in a way that aimed to be familiar to respondents. Therefore, in some cases, the eight outlets asked about are more specific publications or outlets within broader news organizations discussed in the main news source section. For example, in France the survey asked specifically about the television news channel France 2, which is part of the larger France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions (France TV) family of channels. For each of the eight outlets, respondents were first asked if they had heard of the outlet, and if they had, they then were asked if they trusted or distrusted it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In all but one of the countries surveyed, the public news organization listed among the eight news outlets receives the highest level of trust. The exception is Spain, where even though a majority trusts the public broadcaster, Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola (TVE), more people trust the private television outlet Antena3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As with\u00a0trust in the news media<\/a>\u00a0generally, political divides in trust of specific outlets emerge more consistently along populist views than along the left-right ideological spectrum. Across all eight countries, people who hold populist views tend to express lower levels of trust in specific news outlets than those who don\u2019t hold populist views.[12.numoffset=”12″ Respondents are classified as holding populist views if they answered: \u201cMost elected officials don\u2019t care what people like me think\u201d and \u201cOrdinary people would do a better job solving the country\u2019s problems than elected officials.\u201d See Appendix C<\/a> for details on classification.] However, in the three southern countries \u2013 France, Italy and Spain \u2013 left-right ideology plays as large a role, or larger, as populism in trust levels in specific outlets.[13. For this study, southern Europe refers to France, Italy and Spain. These three countries have somewhat similar news media environments, relationships between the press and the government, and political histories (Hallin & Mancini, 2004; Bruggemann et al., 2014).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Public broadcasters generally more trusted than other outlets<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To gain a deeper sense of how individuals in each country feel about their news options, the survey asked about trust in eight specific news outlets. Respondents were first asked if they had heard of each outlet, and if they had, they then were asked if they trusted or distrusted it. (See Appendix A<\/a> for more information on how the eight outlets were chosen.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In seven countries, the most trusted outlet is the public news organization, such as Sveriges Television (SVT) in Sweden (90% trust) and Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS) in the Netherlands (89%). Across these seven countries, roughly two-thirds or more say they trust their public news organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spain, however, stands apart. While a majority of Spaniards (57%) say they trust the public broadcaster Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola (TVE), 64% say the same about Antena3, a private television station owned by Atresmedia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Private television broadcasters also garner high marks, even if not as high as public news organizations. In seven of the eight countries surveyed, at least half of the public say they trust these outlets, ranging from a high of 81% in Sweden for TV4 to 55% for Sky in the UK. Only in Germany is trust in private television outlets relatively low; roughly four-in-ten Germans say they trust RTL (39%) and Sat1 (43%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Populist views relate to trust in media in all countries; left-right political ideology matters more in the south than the north<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Across the eight countries[14. A previous version of the headline stated \u201cPopulist views relate to trust in media in all countries; left-right political ideology in southern Europe only.\u201d It was corrected on May 22, 2018 to accurately reflect the findings outlined in this section of the report.] surveyed, populist attitudes are strongly associated with trust in specific outlets. For most outlets asked about in each country, those who hold populist views express lower levels of trust than those without populist views. The largest differences occur in Spain, Germany, the UK and the Netherlands, where those with populist views are about 30 percentage points less likely than those with non-populist views to say they trust TVE, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), The Times, and de Volkskrant, respectively. When it comes to public news organizations, Spain stands out as having the largest gap in trust between populists and non-populists (see Appendix D<\/a> for detailed tables of differences in trust by populist views).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only two outlets of the 64 asked about where populists display significantly higher<\/em> trust than non-populists are Nya Tider in Sweden (which 4% of Swedes use weekly) and Mediaset News in Italy (which 56% of Italians use weekly).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the five northern countries surveyed, the populist, non-populist divisions in trust are significantly larger<\/em> than the differences in trust between those on the ideological left and right. Looking at Sweden\u2019s Svenska Dagbladet, for example, there is a gap of 24 percentage points between those who embrace populist views and those who don\u2019t, but only a five-point gap between those on the ideological left and those on the ideological right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the southern countries, however, trust is divided along the left-right ideological spectrum \u2013 \u00ad\u00ad and these differences are as large, or larger, as those based on populism. For example, in Italy, those who place themselves on the left of the 0-to-6 ideological scale are 21 percentage points less likely to trust Il Giornale than people on the right. But for this same outlet, there is no significant division between those with and without populist views.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In addition to the open-ended question about people\u2019s main news source, the survey also asked respondents a series of questions (including those about trust) about eight specific outlets in their country, allowing for a deeper understanding of how individuals feel about their news options. The eight specific news outlets for each country were identified in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","bylines":[{"key":"68306e97-8782-4365-aa74-0e7bcbec36f9","termId":987},{"key":"57a5adfb-de61-4f40-9b5c-c705c87edb29","termId":841},{"key":"05e87c57-070b-4144-abaf-94c120cda32a","termId":983},{"key":"c5ffaefa-5e0f-445a-b243-fac87779e2aa","termId":954},{"key":"aca6d22d-29c2-44d0-82db-b7e8a5848a51","termId":848},{"key":"d4c99452-4fd8-474f-8f30-0be990b39e5f","termId":868},{"key":"8327ef75-29cb-43fe-91bb-b6a4031044ae","termId":784}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[987,868,848,983,841,824,954,784],"collection":[],"datasets":[1920],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[516,514],"research-teams":[527],"class_list":["post-88120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","bylines-amy-mitchell","bylines-courtney-johnson","bylines-elisa-shearer","bylines-katerina-eva-matsa","bylines-katie-simmons","bylines-kyle-taylor","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-mason-walker","datasets-fall-2017-media-and-politics-in-western-europe-survey","formats-report","regions-countries-europe-russia","regions-countries-international","research-teams-journalism"],"label":false,"post_parent":88170,"word_count":938,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/most-western-europeans-trust-public-broadcasters-but-those-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-so\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":110048,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":110048,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":110048,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":110048,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":110048,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png?w=640&h=320&crop=1","width":640,"height":320,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":110048,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.05.02_MediaPolitics_featured.png?w=640&h=320&crop=1","width":640,"height":320,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":88170,"title":"In Western Europe, Public Attitudes Toward News Media More Divided by Populist Views Than Left-Right Ideology","slug":"in-western-europe-public-attitudes-toward-news-media-more-divided-by-populist-views-than-left-right-ideology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/in-western-europe-public-attitudes-toward-news-media-more-divided-by-populist-views-than-left-right-ideology\/","is_active":false},{"id":88158,"title":"1. Populist views, more than left-right identity, play a role in opinions of the news media in Western Europe","slug":"populist-views-more-than-left-right-identity-play-a-role-in-opinions-of-the-news-media-in-western-europe","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/populist-views-more-than-left-right-identity-play-a-role-in-opinions-of-the-news-media-in-western-europe\/","is_active":false},{"id":88143,"title":"2. Southern European countries more fragmented in news sources, but for nearly all countries, top main source is public, not private","slug":"southern-european-countries-more-fragmented-in-news-sources-but-for-nearly-all-countries-top-main-source-is-public-not-private","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/southern-european-countries-more-fragmented-in-news-sources-but-for-nearly-all-countries-top-main-source-is-public-not-private\/","is_active":false},{"id":88131,"title":"3. News outlets are less politically polarized than Western Europeans perceive","slug":"news-outlets-are-less-politically-polarized-than-western-europeans-perceive","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/news-outlets-are-less-politically-polarized-than-western-europeans-perceive\/","is_active":false},{"id":88120,"title":"4. Most Western Europeans trust public broadcasters, but those who hold populist views less so","slug":"most-western-europeans-trust-public-broadcasters-but-those-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-so","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/most-western-europeans-trust-public-broadcasters-but-those-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-so\/","is_active":true},{"id":88102,"title":"5. Many Western Europeans get news via social media, but in some countries, substantial minorities do not pay attention to the source","slug":"many-western-europeans-get-news-via-social-media-but-in-some-countries-substantial-minorities-do-not-pay-attention-to-the-source","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/many-western-europeans-get-news-via-social-media-but-in-some-countries-substantial-minorities-do-not-pay-attention-to-the-source\/","is_active":false},{"id":88089,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"media-western-europe-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":88078,"title":"Methodology","slug":"media-western-europe-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":88064,"title":"Appendix A: How news outlets were selected in each country","slug":"media-western-europe-how-news-outlets-were-selected-in-each-country","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-how-news-outlets-were-selected-in-each-country\/","is_active":false},{"id":88056,"title":"Appendix B: About the focus groups","slug":"media-western-europe-about-the-focus-groups","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-about-the-focus-groups\/","is_active":false},{"id":88048,"title":"Appendix C: How this study measures populism","slug":"media-western-europe-how-this-study-measures-populism","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-how-this-study-measures-populism\/","is_active":false},{"id":88187,"title":"Appendix D: Detailed 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Southern European countries more fragmented in news sources, but for nearly all countries, top main source is public, not private","slug":"southern-european-countries-more-fragmented-in-news-sources-but-for-nearly-all-countries-top-main-source-is-public-not-private","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/southern-european-countries-more-fragmented-in-news-sources-but-for-nearly-all-countries-top-main-source-is-public-not-private\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":88131,"title":"3. News outlets are less politically polarized than Western Europeans perceive","slug":"news-outlets-are-less-politically-polarized-than-western-europeans-perceive","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/news-outlets-are-less-politically-polarized-than-western-europeans-perceive\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":88120,"title":"4. 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Many Western Europeans get news via social media, but in some countries, substantial minorities do not pay attention to the 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country","slug":"media-western-europe-how-news-outlets-were-selected-in-each-country","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-how-news-outlets-were-selected-in-each-country\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},{"id":88056,"title":"Appendix B: About the focus groups","slug":"media-western-europe-about-the-focus-groups","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-about-the-focus-groups\/","is_active":false,"page_num":10},{"id":88048,"title":"Appendix C: How this study measures populism","slug":"media-western-europe-how-this-study-measures-populism","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-how-this-study-measures-populism\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11},{"id":88187,"title":"Appendix D: Detailed tables","slug":"media-western-europe-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false,"page_num":12},{"id":88175,"title":"Appendix E: References","slug":"media-western-europe-references","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/media-western-europe-references\/","is_active":false,"page_num":13}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"In Western Europe, Public Attitudes Toward News Media More Divided by Populist Views Than Left-Right Ideology","parent_id":88170},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"News Media in Western Europe: Populist Views Divide Public Opinion","description":"Across eight Western European countries, people with populist leanings have more negative attitudes about the news media than do those with non-populist views.","og_title":"News 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