This list provides bibliographical information for sources used to research church-tax history, rules and payment data in the 10 countries covered in this report. In some countries, the data was available on official government or church websites, in which case the relevant webpages are included below. In other countries, Pew Research Center researchers contacted the relevant officials at the organizations and obtained the information by email.<\/p>\n\n
Messner, Francis, ed. 2015. \u201cPublic Funding of Religions in Europe.\u201d\nDoe, Norman, ed. 2011. \u201cLaw and Religion in Europe: A Comparative Introduction.\u201d\nHope, Nicholas. 1995. \u201cGerman and Scandinavian Protestantism, 1700-1918.\u201d<\/p>\n\n
Austria\n<\/strong>Catholic Church: Katholische Kirche in \u00d6sterreich<\/a>\nProtestant Church: Evangelische Kirche in \u00d6sterreich<\/a> \n<\/u>Austrian Finance Ministry: Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Finanzen<\/a> \n<\/u><\/strong>U.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Austria)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Denmark\n<\/strong>Church of Denmark: Folkekirken<\/a>\nMinistry of Ecclesiastical Affairs: Kirkeministeriet<\/a>\nMinistry of Taxation: Skatteministeriet<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Denmark)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Finland\n<\/strong>Finnish Tax Administration: Verohallinto<\/a>\nFinnish Finance Ministry: Valtiovarainministeri\u00f6<\/a>\nEvangelical Lutheran Church of Finland \u2013 Suomen Evankelis-Luterilainen Kirkko<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Finland)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Germany\n<\/strong>Evangelical Church in Germany: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland<\/a>\nGerman Bishops\u2019 Conference: Deutsche Bischofskonferenz<\/a>\nFederal Statistics Office: Destasis<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Germany)<\/a>\nPetersen, Jens. 2017. \u201cKirchensteuer Kompakt.\u201d<\/p>\n\n Iceland<\/strong>\nState Accounting Office: Fj\u00e1rs\u00fdsla r\u00edkisins<\/a>\nNational Church of Iceland: \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0kirkjan<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Iceland)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Italy\n<\/strong>Italian Bishops\u2019 Conference: Conferenza Episcopale Italiana<\/a>\nFinance Ministry: Dipartimento delle Finanze<\/a>\nPresidency of the Council of Ministers: La Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Italy)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Portugal\n<\/strong>Ernst & Young Portugal: EY<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Portugal)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Spain\n<\/strong>Ministry of Finance: Ministerio de Hacienda<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Spain)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Sweden<\/strong>\nSwedish Tax Agency: Skatteverket<\/a>\nChurch of Sweden: Svenska kyrkan<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Sweden)<\/a><\/p>\n\n Switzerland\n<\/strong>Roman Catholic Central Conference of Switzerland: R\u00f6misch-Katholische Zentralkonferenz der Schweiz<\/a>\nFederation of Swiss Protestant Churches: Schweizerischer Evangelischer Kirchenbund<\/a>\nFederal Tax Administration: Eidgen\u00f6ssische Steuerverwaltung<\/a>\nU.S. State Department: 2017 International Religious Freedom Report (Switzerland)<\/a>\nKosch, Daniel. 2013. \u201cDie \u00f6ffentliche Finanzierung der katholischen Kirche in der Schweiz<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" This list provides bibliographical information for sources used to research church-tax history, rules and payment data in the 10 countries covered in this report. In some countries, the data was available on official government or church websites, in which case the relevant webpages are included below. In other countries, Pew Research Center researchers contacted the 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