{"id":71222,"date":"2020-09-10T09:51:40","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T14:51:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/"},"modified":"2024-07-15T17:04:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T21:04:34","slug":"religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Religious affiliation among American adolescents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While most U.S. teens identify with a religion, they are modestly less likely than their parents to do so \u2013 particularly when it comes to Christianity. The new survey finds that 63% of U.S. teenagers ages 13 to 17 identify as Christian, compared with 72% of the responding parents. Furthermore, teens are more likely than their parents to identify as religious \u201cnones\u201d (32% vs. 24%).[14. numoffset=&#8221;14&#8243; Religious affiliation is measured in this survey first by a question that asks: \u201cWhat is your present religion, if any? Protestant, Roman Catholic, Mormon, Orthodox, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, atheist, agnostic, something else, or nothing in particular?\u201d Religiously unaffiliated people (\u201cnones\u201d) are defined as those who say they are atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular. Protestant respondents (and those who volunteer that they are Christian, without specifying a tradition) receive follow-up questions regarding their denominational family and specific denomination. See <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_teens.religion.topline.pdf\">topline<\/a> for exact question wording and order. See <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2018\/07\/05\/how-does-pew-research-center-measure-the-religious-composition-of-the-u-s-answers-to-frequently-asked-questions\/#question-3-subgroups-of-protestants\">this report <\/a>for more information on how Protestants are subdivided into one of three main traditions \u2013 evangelical Protestantism, mainline Protestantism, and historically Black Protestantism.]&nbsp;Among those in both groups, fewer than one-in-ten identify with non-Christian religions, similar to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2019\/10\/17\/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace\/\">general public overall<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Broadly speaking, this pattern of religious affiliation among teens is similar across a wide variety of demographic groups, including boys and girls and older and younger teens. Though there is some variety within each subgroup, teens of different ages and genders are more likely to identify as Christian than as unaffiliated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This broad pattern also holds across race and ethnicity, as well as geographic region, although in these cases there are greater distinctions. White teens are more likely than their non-White counterparts to be religious \u201cnones,\u201d and teens who live in the Western U.S. stand out from Southern teens in the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"about-a-third-of-u-s-teens-identify-as-religiously-unaffiliated-higher-than-teens-parents\">About a third of U.S. teens identify as religiously unaffiliated, higher than teens\u2019 parents<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/pf_09-10-20_religion-teens-01-0-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-0.png?resize=480,1101 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-0.png?resize=620,1422 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"711\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-0.png?w=446\" alt=\"A third of teens are religious \u2018nones,\u2019 compared with a quarter of parents\" class=\"wp-image-82746 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among U.S. adolescents ages 13 to 17, roughly six-in-ten (63%) identify with Christianity, including one-in-five (21%) who are evangelical Protestant and a quarter (24%) who describe themselves as Catholic. Smaller shares identify with mainline Protestantism (9%), the historically Black Protestant tradition (6%), or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as the Mormon church, 3%). And 1% or fewer say they are Orthodox Christians, Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses or members of other Christian faiths.[15. Respondents are categorized by Protestant tradition based, as much as possible, on the denomination with which they identify. For more details on how Pew Research Center categorizes respondents by Protestant denomination, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2018\/07\/05\/how-does-pew-research-center-measure-the-religious-composition-of-the-u-s-answers-to-frequently-asked-questions\/#question-3-subgroups-of-protestants\">see here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the survey, 4% of American adolescents identify with non-Christian religions, such as Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism or others.[16. Parents and teens in this survey are not representative of the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2019\/10\/17\/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace\/\">U.S. public as a whole<\/a>. The parents are somewhat more likely to be Christian than U.S. adults overall, and also less likely to identify with a non-Christian religion. In addition, the Jewish figures represent only people who identify their religion as Jewish (\u201cJews by religion\u201d) and do not include people who identify as Jewish by ancestry or culture but not by religion.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About a third of U.S. teens (32%) say they are religiously unaffiliated, including 6% who describe themselves as atheists, 4% who are agnostics and 23% who say their religion is \u201cnothing in particular.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While most teens identify as Christians, they do not do so at quite the same levels as their parents. Roughly seven-in-ten parents surveyed (72%) named a Christian religion as their own \u2013 including 39% who say they are Protestant and 29% who say they are Catholic \u2013 compared with 63% of teens who say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, American teens are more likely than their parents to identify as religiously unaffiliated. About a third of teens say they are religious \u201cnones,\u201d compared with a quarter of responding parents (24%). The differences are primarily in the share who say their religion is \u201cnothing in particular\u201d: Nearly a quarter of teens say this (23%), while 16% of responding parents do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/pf_09-10-20_religion-teens-01-1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9eaea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9eaea;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-1.png?resize=480,664 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-1.png?resize=626,866 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"429\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-1.png?w=626\" alt=\"Among teens who don\u2019t share their parent\u2019s religious identity, most are \u2018nones\u2019 with a Christian parent\" class=\"wp-image-82748 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey finds that 17% of U.S. teens have a religious affiliation that is different from the parent who took the survey before them.[17. This estimate does not account for differences between Protestant groups. Instead, if a teen identifies as a mainline Protestant and the parent identifies as an evangelical Protestant, they are coded as having a matching religious affiliation.]&nbsp;Among all teens who do not have the same religion as the responding parent, 37% are unaffiliated but have a Protestant parent, and 24% are unaffiliated with a Catholic parent. Smaller shares are Protestant with a parent who is unaffiliated (8%) or Catholic with a parent who is a \u201cnone\u201d (7%). In some of these cases, teens may have two parents with different religious affiliations; when teens differ from the parent who took the survey, it is possible that they share their religious affiliation with the parent who did not take the survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Boys and girls are about equally likely to share their responding parent\u2019s religious identity, and there are virtually no differences across geographic regions. While there does not seem to be much difference between older and younger teens, there are some small gaps when taking a more fine-grained look at grade level. About a quarter of U.S. teens in 11th or 12th grade (23%) have a different religious affiliation than the parent who took the survey before them, somewhat higher than the share of 9th and 10th graders (13%) and those in 8th grade or lower (16%) who say the same. This suggests that, among teens, there may be greater movement away from their family\u2019s religious tradition later in high school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-200-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/pf_09-10-20_religion-teens-01-2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeeeee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeeeee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-2.png?resize=418,1494 418w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"715\" width=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-2.png?w=287\" alt=\"Boys, girls equally likely to be unaffiliated\" class=\"wp-image-82753 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"few-differences-in-religious-affiliation-across-gender\">Few differences in religious affiliation across gender<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among U.S. adults, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2016\/03\/22\/the-gender-gap-in-religion-around-the-world\/\">women tend to be more religious than men<\/a>, while men are somewhat more likely to identify as religiously unaffiliated. But among U.S. adolescents, there are virtually no differences in religious composition by gender. Among both boys and girls ages 13 to 17 in the United States, nearly two-thirds identify as Christian in some way (64% and 63%, respectively), including roughly a quarter who are Catholic and one-in-five who are evangelical Protestant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Boys and girls are about equally likely to identify with non-Christian faiths (3% and 5%, respectively). And about a third in each group are religious \u201cnones.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"religious-affiliation-among-teens-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Religious affiliation among teens across racial and ethnic groups<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/pf_09-10-20_religion-teens-01-3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f3f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f3f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-3.png?resize=480,839 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-3.png?resize=782,1367 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-3.png?resize=824,1440 824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"734\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-3.png?w=586\" alt=\"Hispanic teens more likely to identify as Catholic\" class=\"wp-image-82756 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While this survey includes responses from teens of many different races and ethnicities, it does not include&nbsp;<em>enough&nbsp;<\/em>responses to analyze most of these groups separately. Instead, when racial and ethnic comparisons are made, the report uses the aggregated category of non-White adolescents \u2013 a category that includes teens who identify as Black, Asian, Hispanic, some other race or multiple races.[18. The net non-White category includes teens who identify as Black, Asian, Hispanic, some other race or multiple races. It is the unit of analysis in this survey because the sample sizes for most of the non-White categories are too small to analyze individually. The combined category is used in this report so that broad comparisons can be made to highlight differences between groups. Researchers prefer to break out subgroups when possible to show the differences that may exist between groups of people. The use of a net non-White category is not intended to obscure the fact that the religious experiences and behaviors of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2018\/05\/07\/blacks-more-likely-than-others-in-u-s-to-read-the-bible-regularly-see-it-as-gods-word\/\">Black Americans<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2014\/05\/07\/the-shifting-religious-identity-of-latinos-in-the-united-states\/\">Hispanic Americans<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2012\/07\/19\/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview\/\">Americans of other races and ethnicities <\/a>may be quite different.] (Hispanics are included in the broader non-White category, although the survey does sometimes have the statistical power to look at Hispanic teens separately as well.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, non-White teens are more likely than White teens to identify as Christian, while a higher share of White teens are religious \u201cnones.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among White teens, a quarter say they are members of the evangelical Protestant tradition, 17% identify as Catholic and 13% are mainline Protestants. About a third (36%) are religious \u201cnones,\u201d including a quarter (24%) who say their religion is \u201cnothing in particular.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By comparison, non-White teens are somewhat less likely to be evangelical Protestants (16%), but more likely to be Catholic. Three-in-ten non-White teens (31%) are Catholic \u2013 including nearly half (47%) of Hispanic teens. This aligns with findings about <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2019\/10\/17\/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace\/\">Hispanic adults in the U.S.<\/a>, which show that the proportion who identify as Catholic is declining but that roughly half still affiliate with the Catholic Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Non-White teens also are less likely than White teens to say that they are religiously unaffiliated (28% vs. 36%). And previous research shows a similar pattern among American adults, with higher shares among those who are White reporting no religious affiliation.[19. Baker, Joseph O. and Andrew L. Whitehead. 2016. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sf\/article-abstract\/94\/4\/1623\/2461503?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Gendering (Non)Religion: Politics, Education, and Gender Gaps in Secularity<\/a>.\u201d Social Forces.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/pf_09-10-20_religion-teens-01-4-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0f0f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-4.png?resize=480,797 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-4.png?resize=782,1299 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-4.png?resize=838,1392 838w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"698\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-4.png?w=616\" alt=\"Older teens no more likely than younger teens to say they are religiously unaffiliated\" class=\"wp-image-82759 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"no-major-differences-in-affiliation-across-age-grade-level\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">No major differences in affiliation across age, grade level<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Older teens (ages 15 to 17) are just as likely as younger teens (ages 13 to 14) to identify as Christian (63% and 64%, respectively), and no more likely to identify as religiously unaffiliated. There is similar consistency when looking by grade level: Virtually equal shares of those in 8th grade or lower, 9th and 10th grade, and 11th and 12th grade identify as Christian, some other religion, or religiously unaffiliated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/09\/10\/religious-affiliation-among-american-adolescents\/pf_09-10-20_religion-teens-01-5-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-5.png?resize=480,801 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-5.png?resize=782,1305 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-5.png?resize=832,1388 832w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"701\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/09\/PF_09.10.20_religion.teens-01-5.png?w=614\" alt=\"Teens in Northeast more likely than those in other regions to identify with non-Christian religions\" class=\"wp-image-82762 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"roughly-two-thirds-of-midwestern-and-southern-teens-identify-as-christian\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roughly two-thirds of Midwestern and Southern teens identify as Christian<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compared with other demographics, there is somewhat more variability in the religious composition of adolescents across <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/12\/10\/teens-in-the-south-more-likely-than-other-u-s-teens-to-experience-religion-in-public-school\/\">geographic regions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The South (29%) and Midwest (23%) stand out for having higher shares of evangelical Protestants than either the Northeast (15%) or the West (11%). And the South also stands out as more likely than the West to be home to teenagers who belong to historically Black Protestant churches (10% vs. 3%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">American teenagers who live in the West (32%) are more likely than those in either the Midwest (21%) or the South (19%) to identify as Catholic. A higher share in the West than any other region also are Mormon (7%). Western teens stand out from Southern teens in terms of disaffiliation, too: 37% of teenagers in the West are religious \u201cnones,\u201d compared with 29% in the South.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These patterns are similar to those seen among adults. Specifically, evangelical Protestants and members of historically Black Protestant traditions are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2015\/05\/12\/chapter-4-the-shifting-religious-identity-of-demographic-groups\/#religious-composition-of-geographic-regions\">disproportionately concentrated in the South<\/a>, and the West has a relatively high share of \u201cnones.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teens in the Northeast stand out as being more likely than those in other regions to identify with non-Christian traditions (10%), including 6% who are Jewish.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While most U.S. teens identify with a religion, they are modestly less likely than their parents to do so \u2013 particularly when it comes to Christianity. The new survey finds that 63% of U.S. teenagers ages 13 to 17 identify as Christian, compared with 72% of the responding parents. 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