{"id":71077,"date":"2021-03-30T09:55:23","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T14:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/"},"modified":"2024-08-13T10:29:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T14:29:03","slug":"most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/","title":{"rendered":"Most Democrats and Republicans Know Biden Is Catholic, but They Differ Sharply About How Religious He Is"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/president-elect-biden-attends-church-in-wilmington-de\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34736\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f2f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f2f1;\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/03\/PF_21.03.30_W84bidenCommunion_featured.jpg\" alt=\"Shadowed by his security detail, then U.S. President-elect Joe Biden leaves St. Joseph's on the Brandywine Roman Catholic church in January 2021, where his family regularly attends services. (Chip Somodevilla\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-34736 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shadowed by security detail, Joe Biden leaves St. Joseph on the Brandywine Roman Catholic Church,&nbsp;his home church in&nbsp;Wilmington, Delaware,&nbsp;on Jan. 9, 2021. (Chip Somodevilla\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this survey to measure what Americans know and think about the religious faith of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris. The study also explores Catholics\u2019 attitudes about whether Catholic politicians \u2013 including Joe Biden \u2013 should be barred from receiving Communion if they disagree with the Catholic Church\u2019s teachings about a variety of political issues. For this report, we surveyed 12,055 U.S. adults (including 2,492 Catholics) from March 1 to 7, 2021. All respondents to the survey are part of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education, religious affiliation and other categories. For more, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/methodology-39\">methodology for this report<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The questions used in this report can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21.biden_.religion.topline.pdf\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Joe Biden is just the second Catholic president in U.S. history, after John F. Kennedy. Most U.S. adults know that Biden is Catholic, including majorities within both major political parties, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But partisan similarities in views about Biden\u2019s religion end there. Republicans and Democrats have vastly different views about how religious Biden is and whether he talks about his religious faith too much, too little or the right amount. This political divide extends even to Biden\u2019s fellow Catholics, who are deeply split along party lines over whether Biden\u2019s views about abortion should disqualify him from receiving Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-0-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e2e2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e2e2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"269\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-82315 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png 1278w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=300,126 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=768,323 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=1024,431 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=962,405 962w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=200,84 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=260,109 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=310,131 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=420,177 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=640,269 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=740,312 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=160,67 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-0.png?resize=320,135 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, roughly six-in-ten U.S. adults \u2013 including 63% of Democrats and independents who lean toward the Democratic Party, along with a slightly smaller majority of Republicans and Republican leaners (55%) \u2013 say Joe Biden is Catholic. Most of the remainder say they are not sure what Biden\u2019s religion is, while about one-in-ten say that Biden practices a religion other than Catholicism or that he is not religious. A small handful of Republicans volunteer that Biden is a \u201cfake Catholic\u201d or a \u201cCatholic in name only,\u201d or offer other insulting comments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While majorities in both parties know that Biden is Catholic, they disagree profoundly about the role of religion in his private and public life. Nearly nine-in-ten Democrats say that Biden is at least \u201csomewhat\u201d religious, including 45% who say they think he is a \u201cvery\u201d religious person. By contrast, almost two-thirds of people who identify with or lean toward the GOP (63%) say that Biden is \u201cnot too\u201d or \u201cnot at all\u201d religious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-1-png-2\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfdbdc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfdbdc;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"429\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Most Democrats say Biden is at least somewhat religious and mentions his faith about the right amount; most Republicans disagree\" class=\"wp-image-82317 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png 1274w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=300,201 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=768,515 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=1024,686 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=604,405 604w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=200,133 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=260,174 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=310,208 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=420,282 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=640,429 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=740,496 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=160,107 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-1.png?resize=320,215 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the whole, the share of Americans who say Biden is a \u201cvery\u201d or \u201csomewhat\u201d religious person has risen from 55% in February 2020 to 64% today. Over that period, there has been a particularly pronounced increase in the share of Americans who say Biden is \u201cvery\u201d religious (from 9% in February 2020 to 27% today). But virtually all of this increase has happened among Democrats; among members of Biden\u2019s own party, 13% described him as very religious early last year, compared with 45% today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is possible that Democrats heard Biden talking about his faith on the campaign trail and since his election. Religion has been a consistent theme in his remarks in recent months, from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americamagazine.org\/politics-society\/2020\/08\/20\/joe-bidens-catholic-faith-display-democratic-conventions-final-night\">Democratic National Convention<\/a> to his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2020\/11\/07\/joe-bidens-faith-comes-through-speech-quoting-hymn-bible-verse\/6210854002\/\">victory speech in November<\/a> to his <a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2021\/01\/20\/for-president-joe-biden-an-inauguration-filled-with-faith\/\">inauguration in January<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While eight-in-ten Democrats (79%) say Joe Biden mentions his religious faith and prayer about the right amount, fewer than half of Republicans (42%) agree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even among Biden\u2019s fellow Catholics, partisanship permeates views of Biden\u2019s religion. Nine-in-ten Democratic and Democratic-leaning Catholics say they think Biden is at least somewhat religious, including half who say he is \u201cvery\u201d religious. Among Republican and Republican-leaning Catholics, by contrast, a 56% majority say Biden is \u201cnot too\u201d or \u201cnot at all\u201d religious. And while eight-in-ten Catholic Democrats say they think Biden discusses his faith \u201cabout the right amount,\u201d barely half as many Catholic Republicans say the same (42%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey finds, furthermore, that a slim majority of Catholic Republicans (55%) think that Biden\u2019s views about abortion should disqualify him from receiving Communion in the Catholic Church. But nearly nine-in-ten Catholic Democrats (87%) come down on the other side of this question, saying that Biden <em>should<\/em> be allowed to receive the Eucharist. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/biden-roe-v-wade-law-land-supreme-court-supporters\/\">Biden has said<\/a> that he wants to make Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 Supreme Court decision that established a woman\u2019s right to an abortion nationwide, the \u201claw of the land,\u201d among <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harpersbazaar.com\/culture\/politics\/a34205908\/joe-biden-stance-on-abortion\/\">other policy changes<\/a>. As a result, some Catholic clergy have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inquirer.com\/news\/philadelphia\/joe-biden-charles-chaput-communion-catholic-20201207.html\">called for Biden to be denied Communion<\/a>, and U.S. bishops <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/politics\/bishops-working-group-biden-disbanded-doctrine-committee-address-communion\">may produce a document<\/a> on the issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dbd6d6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dbd6d6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"589\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Most Catholic Republicans think Biden\u2019s abortion views should disqualify him from Communion; nine-in-ten Catholic Democrats disagree\" class=\"wp-image-82321 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png 1274w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=300,276 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=768,707 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=1024,942 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=440,405 440w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=200,184 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=260,239 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=310,285 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=420,386 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=640,589 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=740,681 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=160,147 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-2.png?resize=320,294 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are among the key findings of a new Pew Research Center survey conducted March 1-7, 2021, among 12,055 U.S. adults (including 2,492 Catholics) on the Center\u2019s online, nationally representative American Trends Panel. More information on how the survey was conducted is available in the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/methodology-39\">methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to asking about whether Biden should be allowed to receive Communion, the survey also asked Catholics whether, in general, Catholic politicians who disagree with the church\u2019s teachings about a variety of issues should be allowed to go to Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, three-in-ten Catholics say that Catholic political figures who disagree with church teaching about abortion should be barred from Communion.[1. In 2004 \u2013 the last time either of the major parties had a Catholic at the top of the presidential ticket (John Kerry was the Democratic nominee) \u2013 Pew Research Center asked a different question on a telephone survey about Catholic politicians and access to Communion. At that time, 23% of Catholics said that it was \u201cproper \u2026 for Catholic Church leaders to deny Communion to Catholic politicians whose views on abortion and other life issues go against church teachings,\u201d while 72% said this was \u201cimproper\u201d and 5% expressed no opinion.] But fewer say this should be the case for those who disagree with the church over homosexuality (19%) or the death penalty (18%), and just one-in-ten say Catholic politicians who disagree with the church\u2019s teachings on immigration should be disqualified from receiving the Eucharist.[2. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/archive\/ENG0015\/_INDEX.HTM\">Catechism of the Catholic Church<\/a> teaches that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/archive\/ccc_css\/archive\/catechism\/p3s2c2a5.htm\">\u201cevery procured abortion\u201d is a \u201cmoral evil.\u201d<\/a> The church also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/committees\/promotion-defense-marriage\/faqs-meaning-marriage-sexual-difference\">opposes same-sex marriage<\/a>, and while the Catechism says that people who have \u201chomosexual tendencies \u2026 must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity,\u201d it also says that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/archive\/ccc_css\/archive\/catechism\/p3s2c2a6.htm\">\u201chomosexual acts are intrinsically disordered.\u201d<\/a> The death penalty is opposed by the church; Pope Francis recently revised <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/archive\/ENG0015\/__P7Z.HTM\">this section<\/a> of the Catechism to say that capital punishment is \u201cinadmissible because it is an attack on the inviolability and dignity of the person.\u201d On immigration, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/issues-and-action\/human-life-and-dignity\/immigration\/churchteachingonimmigrationreform\">Catholic Church teaches<\/a> that people have a right to migrate to sustain their lives, and that while countries have a right to control their borders, the&nbsp;\u201cmore prosperous nations are obliged, to the extent they are able, to welcome the foreigner in search of the security and the means of livelihood which he cannot find in his country of origin.\u201d]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e2e2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e2e2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"785\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?w=548\" alt=\"Half of Catholic Republicans say politicians who disagree with church about abortion should not get Communion; fewer say the same about other issues\" class=\"wp-image-82323 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=161,300 161w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=768,1435 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=548,1024 548w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=822,1536 822w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=217,405 217w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=200,374 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=260,486 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=310,579 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=420,785 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=640,1196 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=740,1383 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=160,299 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-3.png?resize=320,598 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are big partisan differences over whether politicians\u2019 views about abortion and homosexuality should make them ineligible for Communion. (Both of these are issues on which Catholic teaching might be described as \u201cconservative\u201d in the context of American politics.) Roughly half of Catholic Republicans (49%) say politicians who support legal abortion should <em>not<\/em> be able to receive the sacrament; just 15% of Catholic Democrats agree. And there is a partisan gap of 18 percentage points on the question about homosexuality: 30% of Catholic Republicans say politicians should be barred from Communion if they disagree with the church about homosexuality, compared with just 12% of Catholic Democrats who say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other two issues raised in the survey \u2013 the death penalty and immigration, where Catholic teaching might best be described as \u201cliberal\u201d within the U.S. political context \u2013 there are no such partisan differences. Large majorities of Catholics in both parties say that Catholic politicians who disagree with the church about these issues should be able to present themselves for Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-4-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eaeaea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eaeaea;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"472\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?w=840\" alt=\"Seven-in-ten Catholic Democrats say Catholic politicians should be allowed to go to Communion even if they disagree with church on variety of issues\" class=\"wp-image-82325 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=267,300 267w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=768,863 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=360,405 360w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=200,225 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=260,292 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=310,348 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=420,472 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=640,719 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=740,832 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=160,180 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-4.png?resize=320,360 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combining these questions shows that seven-in-ten Catholic Democrats don\u2019t think disagreeing with the church about <em>any<\/em> of the four issues raised by the survey should disqualify Catholic politicians from receiving Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By contrast, most Republicans say they think it should be disqualifying if a Catholic politician disagrees with the church on at least one of these issues. This includes 18% of Catholic Republicans who think abortion is the sole issue of those presented by the survey that should be a litmus test for receiving Communion, along with 17% of Republicans who name both abortion and one other issue (usually homosexuality). An additional 14% of Catholic Republicans say that three or four of these issues should be grounds for disqualifying Catholic politicians from receiving Communion in the event of a disagreement with the church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-200-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-5-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eaeaea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eaeaea;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" height=\"649\" width=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?w=315\" alt=\"Two-thirds of Americans not sure what Kamala Harris\u2019 religion is\" class=\"wp-image-82327 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png 422w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=92,300 92w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=315,1024 315w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=125,405 125w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=200,649 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=260,844 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=310,1006 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=420,1364 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=99,320 99w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-5.png?resize=197,640 197w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"most-u-s-adults-do-not-know-vice-president-harris-religion\">Most U.S. adults do not know Vice President Harris\u2019 religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The public is less familiar with Vice President Kamala Harris\u2019 religious identity than with Biden\u2019s, and fewer people say they think Harris is a religious person than say the same about Biden. Two-thirds of U.S. adults say they are not sure what Harris\u2019 religious identity is, while just 12% say that she is a Protestant (Harris identifies as Baptist).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About half of U.S. adults say they think Harris is a \u201cvery religious\u201d (8%) or \u201csomewhat religious\u201d person (38%), while the other half say that she is \u201cnot too religious\u201d (28%) or \u201cnot at all religious\u201d (23%). Again, Democrats are far more likely than Republicans to see Harris as at least somewhat religious (69% vs. 19%), although equal shares in both parties say they do not know what Harris\u2019 religion is (64% each).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The remainder of this report explores these and other findings in more detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"six-in-ten-u-s-adults-know-biden-is-catholic\">Six-in-ten U.S. adults know Biden is Catholic<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two-thirds of U.S. Catholics, including three-quarters of White Catholics, know that Joe Biden shares their religious identity. Three-quarters of U.S. Jews also know that Biden is Catholic, as do two-thirds of self-described atheists and agnostics. Among Black Protestants and those who describe their religion as \u201cnothing in particular,\u201d roughly half or fewer are able to identify Biden\u2019s religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-6-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f3f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f3f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"511\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Two-thirds of U.S. Catholics know that Biden is Catholic\" class=\"wp-image-82329 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png 1278w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=300,239 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=768,613 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=1024,817 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=507,405 507w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=200,160 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=260,208 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=310,247 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=420,335 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=640,511 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=740,591 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=160,128 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-6.png?resize=320,255 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans are far less familiar with Kamala Harris\u2019 religion than with Biden\u2019s. Overall, about two-thirds of U.S. adults (65%) say they are not sure what the vice president\u2019s religion is. One-in-eight (12%) correctly describe Harris as Protestant, while 3% say she is Hindu. Harris\u2019 mother was from India and her father was from Jamaica, and \u201cshe was raised on Hinduism and Christianity,\u201d according to <a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2020\/11\/07\/5-faith-facts-about-vp-elect-kamala-harris-a-black-baptist-with-a-hindu-family\/\">Religion News Service<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majorities across a wide variety of religious groups say they are not sure what Harris\u2019 religion is. Jews, Black Protestants and self-described atheists and agnostics are able to correctly identify Harris\u2019 religion at slightly higher rates than those in some other religious groups. Still, even among these most knowledgeable groups, only about one-in-five know that Harris is Protestant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While Democrats and Republicans are equally likely to say they don\u2019t know what Harris\u2019 religion is, there are differences among those who do give a response. Democrats are more likely to say that Harris is Protestant (18% vs. 7%), while Republicans are more inclined to say that she does not have a religion (15% vs. 3%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-7-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"516\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Two-thirds of U.S. adults say they are not sure what Harris\u2019 religion is\" class=\"wp-image-82333 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png 1270w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=300,242 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=768,619 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=1024,826 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=502,405 502w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=200,161 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=260,210 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=310,250 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=420,339 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=640,516 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=740,597 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=160,129 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-7.png?resize=320,258 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nearly-two-thirds-of-u-s-adults-say-biden-is-at-least-somewhat-religious-fewer-say-the-same-about-harris\">Nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults say Biden is at least somewhat religious; fewer say the same about Harris<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across a variety of religious groups, sizable majorities say they think Biden is at least somewhat religious, ranging from 60% of White Protestants who are not evangelical to 87% among Black Protestants. There is just one exception to this pattern: Only one-third of White evangelical Protestants (35%) say they think Biden is a religious person, while almost two-thirds (63%) say he is \u201cnot too\u201d or \u201cnot at all\u201d religious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fewer people in most religious groups say they think Harris is a \u201cvery\u201d or \u201csomewhat\u201d religious person. Here again, the view that Harris is a religious person is most common among Black Protestants (78%) and least common among White evangelical Protestants (20%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These differences among religious groups are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2020\/06\/02\/democratic-edge-in-party-identification-narrows-slightly\/#religious-divides-in-partisanship\">in line with patterns of partisanship<\/a>: Black Protestants are among the most strongly and consistently Democratic constituencies in U.S. politics, while White evangelical Protestants are among the most reliably Republican groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-8-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efefef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efefef;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"506\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Democrats far more likely than Republicans to view Biden, Harris as religious people\" class=\"wp-image-82335 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png 1272w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=300,237 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=768,607 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=1024,810 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=512,405 512w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=200,158 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=260,206 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=310,245 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=420,332 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=640,506 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=740,585 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=160,127 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-8.png?resize=320,253 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey also asked respondents about how religious they think former President Donald Trump is, with overall results similar to early 2020. Today, 32% of U.S. adults say Trump is \u201cvery\u201d or \u201csomewhat\u201d religious, while 67% say he is \u201cnot too\u201d or \u201cnot at all\u201d religious. In February 2020, 35% said Trump was at least somewhat religious and 63% said he was not too or not at all religious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-9-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ededed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ededed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"571\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?w=556\" alt=\"Most Americans comfortable with how much Biden talks about his religion\" class=\"wp-image-82337 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png 622w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=163,300 163w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=556,1024 556w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=220,405 220w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=200,368 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=260,479 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=310,571 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=420,774 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=160,295 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-9.png?resize=320,590 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"six-in-ten-say-biden-talks-about-his-faith-about-the-right-amount\">Six-in-ten say Biden talks about his faith \u2018about the right amount\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six-in-ten U.S. adults say they think Biden mentions his religious faith and prayer \u201cabout the right amount,\u201d while the remainder are divided as to whether he discusses his faith \u201ctoo much\u201d (14%) or \u201ctoo little\u201d (21%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majorities of people in nearly every religious group analyzed express the view that Biden discusses his religion the appropriate amount, topping out at 78% among Black Protestants. White evangelicals are the only group in which fewer than half of respondents say Biden discusses his faith \u201cabout the right amount\u201d (41%); a similar share (39%) say Biden doesn\u2019t talk about his faith enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respondents who identify as atheist or agnostic are more likely than other Americans to say Biden discusses his faith too much (28%), but still, two-thirds in this group say Biden talks about religion the right amount (68%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-10-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ededed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ededed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"467\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Three-in-ten Catholics say disagreeing with the church about abortion should disqualify Catholic politicians from Communion\" class=\"wp-image-82338 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png 1278w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=300,219 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=768,560 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=1024,747 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=555,405 555w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=200,146 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=260,190 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=310,226 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=420,306 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=640,467 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=740,540 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=160,117 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-10.png?resize=320,233 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/03\/30\/most-democrats-and-republicans-know-biden-is-catholic-but-they-differ-sharply-about-how-religious-he-is\/pf_03-30-21_biden-religion-00-11-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebeceb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebeceb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"511\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?w=621\" alt=\"Three-in-ten Catholics say Biden should not be allowed to go to Communion because of his abortion views\" class=\"wp-image-82340 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png 622w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=182,300 182w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=621,1024 621w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=246,405 246w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=200,330 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=260,429 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=310,511 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=420,693 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=160,264 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PF_03.30.21_Biden.religion-00-11.png?resize=320,528 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"four-in-ten-weekly-mass-attenders-say-biden-other-politicians-who-disagree-with-the-catholic-church-about-abortion-should-not-be-allowed-to-go-to-communion\">Four-in-ten weekly Mass attenders say Biden, other politicians who disagree with the Catholic Church about abortion should not be allowed to go to Communion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U.S. Catholics who attend Mass at least once a week are considerably more likely than those who attend Mass less often to say that politicians who disagree with the church\u2019s position on abortion should be ineligible for Communion (42% vs. 24%). Weekly churchgoers also are more inclined than other Catholics to say disagreements over homosexuality and the death penalty are cause for barring politicians from the Eucharist. But there are no differences among Catholics based on frequency of church attendance when it comes to whether politicians who disagree with the church about immigration should be able to receive Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Catholics ages 50 and older are a bit more likely than younger Catholics to say politicians who support abortion rights should be ineligible for Communion, while younger Catholics are slightly more likely than their elders to say a politician who disagrees with church teachings about capital punishment or immigration should be disqualified from Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More specifically, four-in-ten Catholics who attend Mass at least once a week say that Biden\u2019s views about abortion should disqualify him from receiving the Eucharist \u2013 15 points higher than the share who say this among those who attend Mass less often. White Catholics and those 50 and older are somewhat more inclined than Hispanic Catholics and those under 50 to say Biden should not be allowed to go to Communion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joe Biden is just the second Catholic president in U.S. history, after John F. Kennedy. Most U.S. adults know that Biden is Catholic, including majorities within both major political parties, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":367,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"Catholics are divided along party lines on whether Biden should be allowed to receive 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