{"id":69623,"date":"2023-10-11T11:44:45","date_gmt":"2023-10-11T16:44:45","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:59:38","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:59:38","slug":"religion-among-asian-americans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/","title":{"rendered":"Religion Among Asian Americans"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-prc-block-subtitle\" aria-level=\"2\">A rising share say they have no religion, but many consider themselves close to one or more religious traditions for reasons such as family or culture<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"8a7c78\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #8a7c78;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_featured.png?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_featured.png?resize=782,440 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_featured.png?resize=960,540 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_featured.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_featured.png?resize=1280,720 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_featured.png?w=640\" alt=\"(Pew Research Center illustration; all photos Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-80690 not-transparent\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Pew Research Center illustration; all photos Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand the religious identities, experiences and practices of people of Asian origin or ancestry living in the United States. The study is part of the Center\u2019s multiyear research effort focused on the nation\u2019s Asian population. Its centerpiece is a nationally representative survey of 7,006 Asian adults. The survey sampled U.S. adults who self-identify as Asian, either alone or in combination with other races or Hispanic ethnicity. It was offered in six languages: Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), English, Hindi, Korean, Tagalog and Vietnamese. Responses were collected from July 5, 2022, to Jan. 27, 2023, by Westat on behalf of Pew Research Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey includes a large enough sample to report on the views of the six biggest origin groups among Asian Americans: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese. Together, these six groups constitute 81% of all U.S. Asian adults, according to a Center analysis of the Census Bureau\u2019s 2021 American Community Survey (ACS). These six groups are discussed throughout the report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Findings for Asian origin groups other than the six largest are also included in the report \u2013 in the survey findings for U.S. Asian adults overall, and in findings about the \u201cNET East Asian,\u201d \u201cNET South Asian\u201d and \u201cNET Southeast Asian\u201d populations. Origin groups other than the six largest each comprise about 2% or less of the Asian population in the U.S., making it challenging to recruit nationally representative samples for any of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Survey respondents were drawn from a national sample of residential mailing addresses, which included addresses from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Specialized surnames list frames maintained by the Marketing Systems Group were used to supplement the sample. Those eligible to complete the survey were offered the opportunity to do so online or by mail with a paper questionnaire. For more details, read the survey <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/methodology-asian-american-religion\/\">Methodology<\/a>. For questions used in this analysis, refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_topline.pdf\">Topline Questionnaire<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the survey results, the report draws on guided small group discussions (focus groups) and in-depth one-on-one interviews. Details on these can be found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/methodology-focus-groups\/\">focus group Methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. The Center\u2019s Asian American portfolio was funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from The Asian American Foundation; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; the Henry Luce Foundation; the Doris Duke Foundation; The Wallace H. Coulter Foundation; The Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation; The Long Family Foundation; Lu-Hebert Fund; Gee Family Foundation; Joseph Cotchett; the Julian Abdey and Sabrina Moyle Charitable Fund; and Nanci Nishimura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We would also like to thank the Leaders Forum for its thought leadership and valuable assistance in helping make this survey possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The qualitative research on Asian American Muslims, and the strategic communications campaign used to promote the research portfolio, were made possible with generous support from the Doris Duke Foundation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"terminology\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;terminology&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Terminology<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Asians living in the United States\/U.S. Asian population\/Asian Americans:<\/strong>&nbsp;Used interchangeably throughout this report to refer to U.S. adults who self-identify as Asian, either alone or in combination with other races or Hispanic identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ethnicity\/Ethnic origin labels:<\/strong> Used interchangeably in this report for findings for ethnic origin groups, such as Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese. For this report, ethnicity is not nationality. For example, Chinese in this report are those self-identifying as of Chinese ethnicity, rather than necessarily being a current or former citizen of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Ethnic origin groups in this report include those who self-identify as one Asian ethnicity only, either alone or in combination with a non-Asian race or ethnicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Less populous Asian origin groups\/Other Asian origin groups: <\/strong>In this report, those who self-identify with ethnic origin groups other than the six largest Asian origin groups (e.g., those who identify as Burmese, Hmong or Pakistani). The term includes those who identify with only one Asian ethnicity. These ethnic origin groups each represent about 2% or less of the overall Asian American population and are unreportable on their own due to small sample sizes. They are collectively reportable under this broader category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Asian origins<\/strong>\/<strong>Asian origin groups:<\/strong>&nbsp;Used interchangeably throughout this report to describe ethnic origin groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Immigrant:<\/strong>&nbsp;Someone who was not a U.S. citizen at birth \u2013 in other words, someone born outside the U.S., Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories to parents who are not U.S. citizens. Also referred to as <strong>\u201cforeign born\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;in this report.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>U.S. born:<\/strong> Those born in the 50 U.S. states or the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/12\/14\/about-three-in-ten-u-s-adults-are-now-religiously-unaffiliated\/\">U.S. public as a whole<\/a>, a growing percentage of Asian Americans are not affiliated with any religion, and the share who identify as Christian has declined, according to a new Pew Research Center survey exploring religion among Asian American adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_01-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80663\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f7f5f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1192\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_01.png?resize=480,923 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_01.png?resize=620,1192 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_01.png?w=620\" alt=\"A line chart showing a declining share of Asian Americans identify as Christian.\" class=\"wp-image-80663 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f7f5f3; width:310px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the survey also shows that 40% of Asian Americans say they feel close to some religious tradition for reasons <em>aside from religion<\/em>. For example, just 11% of Asian American adults say their religion is Buddhism, but 21% feel close to Buddhism for other reasons, such as family background or culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;religious-profile-of-asian-americans&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"religious-profile-of-asian-americans\">Religious profile of Asian Americans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Today, 32% of Asian Americans are religiously unaffiliated, up from 26% in 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Christianity is still the largest faith group among Asian Americans (34%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But Christianity has also seen the sharpest decline, down 8 percentage points since 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asian American Christians are about evenly split between Catholics and Protestants (17% and 16% of all U.S. Asian adults, respectively). Born-again or evangelical Protestants make up 10% of Asian Americans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buddhists and Hindus each account for about one-in-ten Asian Americans, while Muslims make up 6%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Various other religious groups (including Daoists, Jains, Jews, Sikhs and others) together make up about 4% of all Asian American adults.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-callout is-style-320-wide has-beige-background-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jump-to-chapters-on\">Jump to chapters on \u2026<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\">Asian American <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/christianity-among-asian-americans\/\">Christians<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\">Asian American <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/buddhism-among-asian-americans\/\">Buddhists<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\">Asian American <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/hinduism-among-asian-americans\/\">Hindus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\">Asian American <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/islam-among-asian-americans\/\">Muslims<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/confucianism-and-daoism-among-asian-americans\/\">Confucianism and Daoism<\/a> among Asian Americans<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\">Asian Americans who are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religiously-unaffiliated-asian-americans\/\">religiously unaffiliated<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey also asked Asian Americans how important religion is in their lives (31% say it is very important), how often they attend religious services (29% report that they go at least monthly), and whether they have an altar, shrine or religious symbol that they use for home worship (36% say they do).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of the major Asian American religious groups, Protestants and Muslims are the most likely to report that they <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/#attending-religious-services\">attend religious services at least once a month<\/a>. By contrast, Buddhists and Hindus are especially likely to say they <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/#home-worship-shrines-altars-and-religious-symbols\">worship at shrines or altars in their homes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;differences-in-religious-affiliation-among-asian-origin-groups&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"differences-in-religious-affiliation-among-asian-origin-groups\">Differences in religious affiliation among Asian origin groups<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are large differences in religious affiliation among Asian Americans depending on their ethnic origin group. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>56% of <strong>Chinese Americans <\/strong>and 47% of<strong> Japanese Americans<\/strong> are not affiliated with any religion \u2013 the highest percentages of \u201cnones\u201d among the Asian origin groups that are large enough to be analyzed in the survey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Three-quarters of <strong>Filipino Americans<\/strong> are Christian, mostly Catholic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>59% of <strong>Korean Americans<\/strong> are Christian, mostly Protestant \u2013 including 34% who identify as born-again or evangelical Protestants.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian<\/strong> <strong>Americans<\/strong> are far more likely than the other large Asian origin groups to be Hindu (48%), though a fair number of Indian Americans are Christian (15%), Muslim (8%) or Sikh (8%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vietnamese Americans<\/strong> are the most likely of the large origin groups to identify as Buddhist (37%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_02-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80665\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2eeec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_02.png?resize=480,358 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_02.png?resize=782,583 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_02.png?resize=960,716 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_02.png?resize=1200,894 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_02.png?resize=1280,954 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"477\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_02.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that most Filipino and Korean Americans are Christian; about half of Chinese Americans are religiously unaffiliated.\" class=\"wp-image-80665 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2eeec; width:640px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_03-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80668\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1076\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_03.png?resize=480,833 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_03.png?resize=620,1076 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_03.png?w=620\" alt=\"A table showing that about 1 in 5 Asian Americans with Southeast Asian origins are Buddhist.\" class=\"wp-image-80668 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0f1f1; width:310px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These six Asian origin groups \u2013 Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese Americans \u2013 account for 81% of <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2023\/05\/08\/asian-american-identity-appendix-demographic-profile-of-asian-american-adults\/#largest-origin-groups\">all Asian Americans<\/a>.[1. A Pew Research Center analysis of data from the 2021 American Community Survey found that 22% of Asian Americans in the United States are Chinese, 20% are Indian, 17% are Filipino, 9% are Vietnamese, 8% are Korean, 6% are Japanese, and the remaining 19% trace their origin to another country or to two or more countries.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey did not include enough interviews with respondents in other Asian origin groups to be able to report on them separately. However, the members of less populous Asian origin groups were included in the study, and it is possible to analyze them when they are grouped together by region. Doing this reveals some additional patterns. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>60% of South Asians in the United States <em>other than Indian Americans<\/em> (i.e., those who trace their origins to countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan) are Muslim \u2013 higher than any of the six largest Asian origin groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>38% of U.S. adults who trace their origin to Southeast Asian countries <em>other than the Philippines and Vietnam<\/em> are Buddhist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are among the key findings of a nationally representative, multilingual survey of 7,006 Asian American adults conducted by Pew Research Center from July 5, 2022, to Jan. 27, 2023. The Center previously has published other findings from this survey. [2. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/race-ethnicity\/racial-ethnic-groups\/asian-americans\/\">The Center\u2019s other work on Asian Americans<\/a> is available on our website.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"importance-of-religion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Importance of religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_04-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80670\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f4f5f5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_04.png?resize=480,654 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_04.png?resize=782,1065 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_04.png?resize=840,1144 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"872\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_04.png?w=640\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that Japanese and Chinese Americans are least likely to consider religion very important.\" class=\"wp-image-80670 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f5f5; width:420px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While nearly a third of Asian Americans say religion is very important in their lives, Asian American Muslims (60%) and Christians (54%) are much more likely than Asian American Hindus (33%) and Buddhists (31%) to feel that way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Looking at Asian Americans by their ethnic origin group, Japanese and Chinese Americans are notably less likely than members of other Asian origin groups to say religion is very important in their lives, reflecting the large number of \u201cnones\u201d (those who describe their religion as atheist, agnostic or \u201cnothing in particular\u201d) in these two groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a whole, Asian Americans born in the U.S. are somewhat less likely than Asian Americans born elsewhere to say religion is very important in their lives. And Asian Americans <em>overall<\/em> are somewhat less likely than the general U.S. population to say religion is very important in their lives (31% vs. 41%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"attending-religious-services\">Attending religious services<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_05-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80672\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f4f4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_05.png?resize=480,758 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_05.png?resize=782,1234 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_05.png?resize=840,1326 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"1010\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_05.png?w=640\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that, among Asian Americans, 55% of Christians and       54% of Muslims say they attend religious services at least monthly.\" class=\"wp-image-80672 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f4f4; width:420px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About three-in-ten Asian Americans (29%) say they attend religious services or go to a temple, shrine or other religious space at least once a month, including 21% who say they do so weekly or more often.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asian American Christians and Muslims are more likely than Asian American Buddhists, Hindus or \u201cnones\u201d to say they attend religious services at least monthly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regular religious attendance is more common among Korean and Filipino Americans than among Vietnamese, Japanese or Chinese Americans. (As previously noted, Korean and Filipino Americans are also more likely to be Christian.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, foreign-born Asian Americans are more likely than those born in the U.S. to attend religious services at least monthly (32% vs. 21%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On this question, Asian Americans closely resemble U.S. adults as a whole, 31% of whom say they attend religious services at least once a month, including 25% who say they do so weekly or more often, according to an <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/12\/14\/about-three-in-ten-u-s-adults-are-now-religiously-unaffiliated\/\">August 2021 survey<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"home-worship-shrines-altars-and-religious-symbols\">Home worship: Shrines, altars and religious symbols<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_06-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80674\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f4f5f6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_06.png?resize=480,643 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_06.png?resize=782,1047 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_06.png?resize=838,1122 838w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"857\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_06.png?w=640\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that most Vietnamese and Indian Americans have shrine, altar or religious symbol for worship at home.\" class=\"wp-image-80674 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f5f6; width:420px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some Asian religious traditions, religious practice is centered in the home rather than in a communal setting. About one-third of Asian Americans (36%) say their home contains an altar, shrine or religious symbol that they use for worship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using an altar, shrine or other religious symbol for worship in the home is most common among Vietnamese and Indian Americans, in part because this is a relatively common practice among Buddhists (who make up 37% of the Vietnamese American population) and Hindus (who make up 48% of the Indian American population).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Worshipping at home is also fairly common among Filipino Americans, owing to the large share of Catholics within the Filipino American population \u2013 66% of Filipino Catholics in the U.S. say they have an altar, shrine or religious symbol used for worship in their home, compared with just 9% of other Filipino Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_07-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80677\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efefef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_07.png?resize=480,531 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_07.png?resize=782,866 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_07.png?resize=840,930 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"709\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_07.png?w=640\" alt=\"A table showing that relatively few Asian Americans are both regular service attenders and have a shrine, altar or symbol for worship at home.\" class=\"wp-image-80677 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efefef; width:420px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While 36% of Asian Americans say they use a shrine, altar or religious symbol to worship at home, and 29% say they regularly attend religious services, only 15% say they do <em>both<\/em> of these things. This pattern reflects the varying worship practices of different religious groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, about half of Asian American Protestants (53%) say they attend religious services monthly but don\u2019t worship at a home altar. About half of Buddhists (51%) and Hindus (52%) say the opposite: They do not attend religious services monthly, but they do worship at a home altar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sizable numbers of Asian American Catholics (29%) and Hindus (27%) engage in <em>both<\/em> practices, attending religious services monthly and worshipping at a home altar or shrine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;feeling-close-to-a-religion-for-reasons-such-as-family-background-or-culture&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"feeling-close-to-a-religion-for-reasons-such-as-family-background-or-culture\">Feeling \u2018close to\u2019 a religion for reasons such as family background or culture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_08-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80680\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9eced\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"824\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_08.png?resize=480,638 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_08.png?resize=620,824 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_08.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Asian Americans twice as likely to feel \u2018close to\u2019 Buddhism than to identify as Buddhist.\" class=\"wp-image-80680 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9eced; width:310px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the U.S., being Christian is often perceived as an exclusive religious identity with a clear set of associated beliefs (such as a creed) and normative practices (such as attending religious services). In many Asian countries, however, religion and religious identity are often understood differently.[3. Sun, Anna. 2020. \u201cTo Be or Not to Be a Confucian,\u201d In Cao, Nanlai, Guiseppe Giordan and Fenggang Yang, eds. \u201cAnnual Review of the Society of Religion: Chinese Religions Going Global.\u201d Refer also to Michael Coogan. 2005. \u201cEastern Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Shinto.\u201d]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, the practices and beliefs associated with Buddhism, Hinduism, Daoism (or Taoism), Shintoism and Confucianism are often so infused in daily life in Asian countries that even people who do not identify with those religious groups may accept some of their beliefs and engage in some of their rituals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lines between members and nonmembers, as well as between the religious groups themselves, can be fuzzy. In China and Japan, for example, many individual temples and shrines are associated with multiple traditions. (Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/#religion-in-east-asia\">sidebar about the words for \u201creligion\u201d in Asian languages<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_09-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80683\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4ecee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"834\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_09.png?resize=480,646 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_09.png?resize=620,834 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_09.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that 4 in 10 Asian Americans say they \u2018feel close\u2019 to at least one religion that they don\u2019t personally identify with.\" class=\"wp-image-80683 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4ecee; width:310px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asian Americans are at the intersection of these two ways of being religious. Many identify with a specific religion, such as Christianity or Islam. However, many who do not identify with a specific religion still say they consider themselves close to the religious or philosophical traditions that are common in their country of ancestry. In addition, some Asian Americans say they feel close to <em>multiple<\/em> faith traditions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey measured these ways of being religious with two questions. The first asked: \u201cWhat is your present religion, if any?&#8221;[4. Respondents were presented with 11 common responses: Protestant (for example, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostal, etc.), Roman Catholic, Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist or Taoist, Hindu, Sikh, Confucian, Atheist, Agnostic, and Nothing in particular. Respondents also could volunteer other responses.] The second question asked: \u201cAside from religion, do you consider yourself close to any of the following traditions for other reasons (such as your family background or culture)?&#8221;[5. Six traditions were listed: Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Daoism or Taoism, and Islam. Respondents were asked to say \u201cyes\u201d (they are close to) or \u201cno\u201d (they are not close to) each tradition, and they could say \u201cyes\u201d to more than one.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In total, 40% of Asian American adults express a connection to one or more groups that they do not claim as a religious identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/pr_23-10-11_asian-american-religion_00_10-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-80686\"><img data-dominant-color=\"deeaee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_10.png?resize=480,477 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_10.png?resize=782,776 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_10.png?resize=840,834 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"635\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_00_10.png?w=640\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that 63% of religiously unaffiliated Asian Americans say they are close to at least one faith for reasons other than religion.\" class=\"wp-image-80686 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #deeaee; width:420px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, 21% of Asian American adults do not identify religiously as Buddhist but say they feel close to Buddhism \u201caside from religion,\u201d while 18% do not identify religiously as Christian, yet say they feel close to Christianity aside from religion. And 10% express a similar connection to Confucianism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About two-thirds of religiously unaffiliated Asian Americans (63%) say they are close to at least one of these religious traditions. (Jump to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religiously-unaffiliated-asian-americans\/\">chapter on religiously unaffiliated Asian Americans<\/a> for more on this.)<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"the-meaning-of-religion-in-east-asia\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;the-meaning-of-religion-in-east-asia&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>The meaning of \u2018religion\u2019 in East Asia<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many East Asian languages, there is no single, literal equivalent of the English word \u201creligion.\u201d The modern Chinese, Japanese and Korean terms for religion \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/cosmos\/bgov\/religion.htm\"><em>zongjiao<\/em><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1749-8171.2011.00307.x\"><em>sh\u016bky\u014d<\/em><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ceres.rub.de\/de\/forschung\/projekte\/characteristics-of-the-concept-de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>jonggyo<\/em><\/a> \u2013 were all created in the early 20th century by Asian scholars working with Western texts who wanted to translate \u201creligion\u201d from Western languages and needed to invent a word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their definitions of religion were influenced by Christian religious norms, rather than developing organically from Buddhist, Confucian, Shinto, Daoist or other religious traditions that are more common in those countries, as we noted in our 2023 report, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/08\/30\/measuring-religion-in-china\/\">\u201cMeasuring Religion in China.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To this day, the words for \u201creligion\u201d in many East Asian countries and some parts of Southeast Asia refer primarily to <em>organized<\/em> forms of religion, particularly those with professional clergy and institutional oversight. The Chinese term zongjiao and its Japanese and Korean equivalents do <em>not<\/em> typically refer to some traditional religious beliefs and practices that are common in these countries.<br><br>Across East Asia, there are many beliefs (such as in spirits) and practices (such as visiting shrines and making offerings to ancestors) that might be considered religious, broadly speaking. But there is little emphasis in these countries on membership in congregations or denominations, except among Christians and Muslims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These differences might lead Americans of East Asian origin to say they do not identify with any religion or that religion is not very important in their lives, because they do not consider their traditional spiritual practices \u2013 or cultural customs that have a spiritual underpinning \u2013 to be \u201creligious\u201d in nature. In a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/in-their-own-words-cultural-connections-to-religion-among-asian-americans\/\">series of small group conversations<\/a>, some focus group participants made this point. And the survey data supports it: More Asian Americans say they are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/buddhism-among-asian-americans\/\">close to Buddhism for reasons such as ancestry or culture<\/a> than say Buddhism is their religion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A similar dynamic exists in Asian countries. In China, for example, the share of adults who consider Buddhism to be their formal religion (zongjiao) is 4%, according to the 2018 Chinese General Social Survey data. But the share who believe in Buddha and\/or <a href=\"http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/chinaciv\/bud\/5imgbodd.htm\">bodhisattvas<\/a> is 33%, according to the 2018 China Family Panel Studies survey.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;findings-from-our-focus-groups&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"findings-from-our-focus-groups\">Findings from our focus groups<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After conducting the survey, the Center arranged small group conversations (focus groups) and one-on-one interviews with a total of more than 100 Asian Americans to gain an understanding of what religion means to them in their own words.[6. These participants were not part of the main survey, but they were asked some of the survey questions in the discussions. These discussions are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/in-their-own-words-cultural-connections-to-religion-among-asian-americans\/\">explored in more detail in a data essay<\/a>.] In the conversations, participants were asked to discuss the nature of their connections to religions they may not claim as their own.[7. Refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/methodology-focus-groups\/\">Methodology<\/a> for details on the timing and structure of the focus groups and in-depth interviews.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are some of the most common themes that emerged on this topic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Many people we talked to, including those who are religiously unaffiliated, expressed a cultural connection to the dominant religious tradition in their country of origin. <\/strong>This sentiment was also apparent in the survey results, which show, for example, that Indian Americans who are religiously unaffiliated say they feel close to Hinduism<em> aside from religion<\/em> at much higher rates than do religious \u201cnones\u201d of other Asian origin groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>For some non-Christians we talked to in these conversations, feeling close to Christianity is an unavoidable result of living in the United States.<\/strong> One Indian American focus group participant who grew up in the U.S. and is not Christian, but who said she considers herself close to Christianity, explained: \u201cMy whole life I was exposed to Christmas and all this stuff. Even though I don\u2019t believe in it, we had to give gifts \u2026 so it was always part of our culture, even though we don\u2019t believe in it.\u201d In the survey, 34% of <em>religiously unaffiliated<\/em> U.S. Asian adults (representing 18% of Asian Americans overall) said they feel close to Christianity even though they do not identify as Christians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some participants in these conversations said there is a natural affinity or closeness between certain pairs of religions that have shared beliefs, values or practices. <\/strong>For example, a Hindu participant expressed a personal connection to Buddhism \u201cbecause some of the practices of Buddhists, they are very much similar to [Hindu practices].\u201d And a Muslim participant drew parallels between Islam and Christianity, saying \u201cin Islam and in Christianity there\u2019s a lot common.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Finally, some people we talked to questioned whether Confucianism or Daoism should be seen as religions.<\/strong> In the words of one Vietnamese Buddhist, \u201cConfucianism and Daoism is part of my culture. However, for me, it\u2019s a school of philosophy. I do not identify myself as being a Daoist or Confucian.\u201d Another participant said of Confucianism, \u201cThere\u2019s no deity there. So it\u2019s only \u2026 a philosophy.\u201d This view aligns with the survey\u2019s findings on Asian Americans\u2019 views on Confucianism and Daoism. (Jump to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/confucianism-and-daoism-among-asian-americans\/\">chapter on Confucianism and Daoism<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;other-key-findings&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"other-key-findings\">Other key findings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the overall religious profiles of Asian American ethnic groups, other key findings from the survey include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>12% of Asian Americans neither identify with, nor feel close to, <em>any<\/em> of the religions or philosophical traditions measured in the survey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>30% of Asian Americans say all or most of their friends have the same religion they do. This share is slightly lower among Buddhists (21%) than among Asian Americans in other religious groups analyzed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>77% of Asian Americans say they would be comfortable if a family member married outside of their faith. This is slightly lower than the share saying they would be comfortable if a family member married someone who is not Asian (86%) or married someone who is Asian but has a different ethnicity (87%). Korean Americans are less likely than other Asian Americans to say they would be comfortable with a family member marrying outside of their faith.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The remainder of this report details the survey\u2019s findings about Asian American adults who identify with \u2013 or feel close to \u2013 six religions or philosophical traditions. Click the links below to jump to each chapter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/christianity-among-asian-americans\/\">Christianity<\/a>&nbsp;| <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/buddhism-among-asian-americans\/\">Buddhism<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/hinduism-among-asian-americans\/\">Hinduism<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/islam-among-asian-americans\/\">Islam<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/confucianism-and-daoism-among-asian-americans\/\">Confucianism and Daoism<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religiously-unaffiliated-asian-americans\/\">Religiously unaffiliated<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A rising share of Asian Americans say they have no religion (32%), but many consider themselves close to one or more religious traditions for reasons such as family or culture. Christianity is still the largest faith group among Asian Americans (34%). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":80690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"A rising share say they have no religion, but many consider themselves close to one or more religious traditions for reasons such as family or culture","sub_title":"A rising share say they have no religion, but many consider themselves close to one or more religious traditions for reasons such as family or 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Christianity among Asian Americans","slug":"christianity-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/christianity-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false},{"id":69642,"title":"2. Buddhism among Asian Americans","slug":"buddhism-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/buddhism-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false},{"id":69646,"title":"3. Hinduism among Asian Americans","slug":"hinduism-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/hinduism-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false},{"id":69636,"title":"4. Islam among Asian Americans","slug":"islam-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/islam-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false},{"id":69607,"title":"5. Confucianism and Daoism among Asian Americans","slug":"confucianism-and-daoism-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/confucianism-and-daoism-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false},{"id":69669,"title":"6. Religiously unaffiliated Asian Americans","slug":"religiously-unaffiliated-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religiously-unaffiliated-asian-americans\/","is_active":false},{"id":69653,"title":"Methodology: Survey","slug":"methodology-asian-american-religion","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/methodology-asian-american-religion\/","is_active":false},{"id":69661,"title":"Methodology: Focus groups","slug":"methodology-focus-groups","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/methodology-focus-groups\/","is_active":false},{"id":69614,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments-asian-american-religion","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/acknowledgments-asian-american-religion\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_jvpyiq5op","type":"report","attachmentId":40197,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_report.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"key":"_ivjmsqd8n","type":"topline","attachmentId":40121,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/PR_23.10.11_Asian-American-religion_topline.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"type":"dataset","id":2432,"label":"2022-23 Survey of Asian Americans","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/2022-23-survey-of-asian-americans\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":69623,"title":"Religion Among Asian Americans","slug":"religion-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":true,"page_num":1},"next_post":{"id":69675,"title":"1. Christianity among Asian Americans","slug":"christianity-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/christianity-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},"previous_post":null,"pagination_items":[{"id":69623,"title":"Religion Among Asian Americans","slug":"religion-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/religion-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":true,"page_num":1},{"id":69675,"title":"1. Christianity among Asian Americans","slug":"christianity-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/christianity-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":69642,"title":"2. Buddhism among Asian Americans","slug":"buddhism-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/buddhism-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":69646,"title":"3. Hinduism among Asian Americans","slug":"hinduism-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/hinduism-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":69636,"title":"4. Islam among Asian Americans","slug":"islam-among-asian-americans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/10\/11\/islam-among-asian-americans\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":69607,"title":"5. 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