{"id":64397,"date":"2008-05-08T11:12:39","date_gmt":"2008-05-08T16:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2008\/05\/08\/iii-economic-characteristics\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:12:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:12:03","slug":"iii-economic-characteristics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/iii-economic-characteristics\/","title":{"rendered":"III. Economic Characteristics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labor-force&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"labor-force\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Labor Force<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-735\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-13.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"374\" height=\"366\"><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A greater share of native-born Hispanic women than immigrant Hispanic women participate in the labor force.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The majority of Hispanic women participate in the labor force; that is, they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Fully 59% of Hispanic women participate in the labor force, compared with 61% of non-Hispanic women.<\/li>\n<li>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-736\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-14.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"319\" height=\"416\"><\/figure>\n<p>A greater share of native-born Hispanic women than immigrant Hispanic women participate in the labor force, 64% compared with 54% for immigrants.<\/p><\/li>\n<li>Native-born Hispanic women are more likely than immigrant Hispanic women to be employed, either full time or part time. Six-in-ten (61%) native-born Hispanic women are employed as compared with five-in-ten (51%) immigrant Hispanic women.<\/li>\n<li>Immigrant Hispanic women from Mexico are the least likely of all Hispanic immigrant women to be employed. Less than half (46%) of immigrant Hispanic women from Mexico are employed, compared with 52% of immigrant Hispanic women from the Caribbean, 61% from South America and 63% from Central America.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;weekly-earnings&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"weekly-earnings\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weekly Earnings<\/h3>\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-737\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-15.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"374\" height=\"395\"><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Hispanic women employed full time earn lower median weekly wages than non-Hispanic women.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Median weekly earnings for Hispanic women who are employed full-time are $460 per week. The median weekly earnings of non-Hispanic women, $615, are 34% higher.<\/li>\n<li>Native-born Hispanic women earn more than immigrant Hispanic women. Among Hispanic women who are employed full time, the median weekly earnings of thenative born are 35% greatethan those of immigrant Hispanic women, $540 versus $400.<\/li>\n<li>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-738\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-16.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"412\"><\/figure>\n<p>Immigrant Hispanic women from Mexico have the lowest median weekly earnings of all immigrant Hispanic women. Immigrant Hispanic women from Mexico earn 9% less than immigrant Hispanic women from Central America, 15% less than those from the Caribbean, and 31% less than those from South America.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;household-income-in-2006&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"household-income-in-2006\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Household Income in 2006<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-739\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-17.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"343\"><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hispanic women are more likely to live in lower income households and less likely to reside in upper income households than non-Hispanic women.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hispanic women are much more likely than non-Hispanic women to live in a lower-income household53% compared with 34%.<\/li>\n<li>Among Hispanic women, the majority of the native born are members of the middle and upper income groups (55%) while the majority of immigrants are members of the lower income group (61%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;definition-of-income-groups&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"definition-of-income-groups\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definition of Income Groups<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this section, household incomes are adjusted for the number of people in a household and are presented for a household size of three (see Section II Appendix of Pew Social and Demographic Trends, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2008\/04\/09\/inside-the-middle-class-bad-times-hit-the-good-life\/\">Inside the Middle Class: Bad Times Hit the Good Life<\/a>\u201d (April 2008) for a more detailed explanation of adjusted household income and income group assignments). In 2006, the median household income scaled to represent a three-person household was $32,046. By our definition, a woman is considered middle income if she lives in a household with an annual income that falls within 75% to 150% of the median household income. In 2006, that income range for a three-person household was $24,035 to $48,069. A woman whose median household income is above that range is considered in the upper income group; a woman whose household income is below that range is in the lower income group.<\/p>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;poverty4-numoffset4-a-woman-is-defined-as-living-in-poverty-if-her-family-income-to-poverty-ratio-is-1-00-or-greater-the-income-to-poverty-ratio-is-a-persons-family-income-divided-by-a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"poverty4-numoffset4-a-woman-is-defined-as-living-in-poverty-if-her-family-income-to-poverty-ratio-is-1-00-or-greater-the-income-to-poverty-ratio-is-a-persons-family-income-divided-by-a\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poverty[4. numoffset=&#8221;4&#8243; A woman is defined as living in poverty if her family income-to-poverty ratio is 1.00 or greater. The income-to-poverty ratio is a person\u2019s family income divided by a government-calculated poverty threshold that is based upon family size and type. For more information about how the income-to-poverty ratio is calculated, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/poverty\/about\/overview\/measure.html\">http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/poverty\/povdef.html<\/a>.]<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-740\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-18.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"428\"><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hispanic women are nearly twice as likely as non-Hispanic women to live in poverty.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hispanic women are nearly twice as likely as non-Hispanic women to live in poverty. One-in-five (20%) Hispanic women live in poverty, compared with one-in-ten (11%) of non-Hispanic women.<\/li>\n<li>Immigrant Hispanic women are slightly more likely than native-born Hispanic women to live in poverty, 22% versus 18%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;occupation&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"occupation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Occupation<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Hispanic women are much more likely than non-Hispanic women to be employed in blue-collar occupations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hispanic women are more likely than non-Hispanic women to be employed in blue-collar occupations such as building, grounds cleaning and maintenance (10% versus 2%); food preparation and serving-related jobs (9% versus 6%); production (8% versus 4%); and personal care and service occupations (7% versus 5%).<\/li>\n<li>The most common occupations held by Hispanic women are in office and administrative support. One-in-five (21%) employed Hispanic women are in those occupations, a similar share as for non-Hispanic women (22%).\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-741\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-19.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"314\"><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-742 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-20.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"346\"><\/figure>\n<p>Hispanic women account for 12% of the employed female population in the United States. However, they account for 42% of women employed in farming, fishing and forestry occupations; 37% of women in building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations; and 23% of women in production occupations.<\/p><\/li>\n<li>The majority of Hispanic women employed in occupations listed in Table 4 are immigrants. Three-quarters or more of the Hispanic women employed in farming, fishing and forestry; building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; production; and construction and extraction occupations were foreign-born.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;industry&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"industry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Industry<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Hispanic women are overrepresented in industries with relatively more blue-collar jobs.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hispanic women are more likely than non-Hispanic women to work in the following industries: eating, drinking and lodging services (11% versus 6%); personal and laundry services\/private household services (6% versus 3%); and nondurable goods manufacturing (5% versus 3%).<\/li>\n<li>More Hispanic women work in the wholesale\/retail trade industry than any other industry. One-in-seven (15%) Hispanic women work in the wholesale\/retail trade industry, a similar share as for non-Hispanic women (14%).\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-743\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-21.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"338\"><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li>Immigrant Hispanic women are represented to a much larger degree than native-born Hispanic women in agricultural, manufacturing and service-oriented industries. Two-thirds or more of the Hispanic women who work in the agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining; nondurable goods manufacturing; personal and laundry services\/private household services; and eating, drinking and lodging services industries are immigrants.\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-744\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2008\/05\/2007-hispanic-women-22.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"484\" height=\"320\"><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Labor Force A greater share of native-born Hispanic women than immigrant Hispanic women participate in the labor force. The majority of Hispanic women participate in the labor force; that is, they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Fully 59% of Hispanic women participate in the labor force, compared with 61% of non-Hispanic women. A [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[{"key":"4186a55395a5d4a081d91e063531981c","termId":2175}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[2175],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[523],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-64397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","bylines-felisa-gonzales","formats-report","research-teams-race-and-ethnicity"],"label":false,"post_parent":64371,"word_count":889,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/iii-economic-characteristics\/","art_direction":false,"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":64371,"title":"Hispanic Women in the United States, 2007","slug":"hispanic-women-in-the-united-states-2007","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/hispanic-women-in-the-united-states-2007\/","is_active":false},{"id":64383,"title":"II. Demographics","slug":"ii-demographics","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/ii-demographics\/","is_active":false},{"id":64397,"title":"III. Economic Characteristics","slug":"iii-economic-characteristics","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/iii-economic-characteristics\/","is_active":true},{"id":64412,"title":"Appendix Tables","slug":"appendix-tables-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/appendix-tables-2\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"6870a578-e76f-4871-bcca-5f9a554d7158","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2011\/08\/42.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":64397,"title":"III. 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Demographics","slug":"ii-demographics","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/ii-demographics\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":64397,"title":"III. Economic Characteristics","slug":"iii-economic-characteristics","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/iii-economic-characteristics\/","is_active":true,"page_num":3},{"id":64412,"title":"Appendix Tables","slug":"appendix-tables-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2008\/05\/08\/appendix-tables-2\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Hispanic Women in the United States, 2007","parent_id":64371},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"III. 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