{"id":61395,"date":"2016-11-03T13:55:50","date_gmt":"2016-11-03T18:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2016\/11\/03\/methodology-11-4\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:11:31","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:11:31","slug":"methodology-11-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2016\/11\/03\/methodology-11-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The unauthorized immigrant estimates throughout this report are produced using a multistage method that first subtracts the estimated lawful foreign-born population from the total foreign-born population to derived estimates of the unauthorized immigrant population (for large states and the balance of the country, for adults and children and by region of birth). The residuals then are used as control totals for a probabilistic process that assigns legal status to individuals in the survey based on their age, region of birth, family relationships and other socio-demographic characteristics. Finally, the resulting estimates are adjusted to take into account persons omitted from the survey.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main source of data for estimates from 2005 to 2014 is the U.S. Census Bureau\u2019s American Community Survey, tabulated from the public-use file obtained from the Integrated Public-Use Microdata Series or IPUMS (<a href=\"https:\/\/usa.ipums.org\/usa\/\">Ruggles et al., 2015<\/a>). Estimates for 1995 and 2000 use the bureau\u2019s March supplements to the Current Population Survey. See <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/hispanic\/2016\/09\/20\/overall-number-of-u-s-unauthorized-immigrants-holds-steady-since-2009\/\">Passel and Cohn<\/a> 2016 for more detail.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The estimates included here supersede all previously published estimates of unauthorized immigrants, and may differ slightly from previously published estimates.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The labor force includes all people ages 16 and older who are working or looking for work. For the analyses of occupations and industries, we exclude people who did not report an occupation or industry. In our analysis, we also exclude people in the military or with a military occupation. These exclusions drop about 2% of the total labor force of roughly 161 million \u2013 2.9 million are excluded from the occupation analyses and 3.4 million from the industry analyses. About 120,000 unauthorized immigrants, or 1.5% of those in the workforce, are excluded from this analysis because they do not report an occupation or industry; unauthorized immigrants are generally not eligible to be in the military or to hold military employment, so are not excluded for that reason. Unemployed people are only excluded if they do not report an occupation or industry, although most do report them.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"rounding-of-estimates\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rounding of estimates<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All estimates for immigrant populations, lawful and unauthorized, are presented as rounded numbers to avoid the appearance of unwarranted precision in the estimates. The rounding conventions for immigrant estimates, dependent somewhat on data sources, are:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Greater than 10,000,000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nearest 100,000<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1,000,000-10,000,000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nearest 50,000<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">250,000-1,000,000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nearest 25,000<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">100,000-250,000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nearest 10,000<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5,000-100,000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nearest 5,000<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&lt;5,000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shown as &lt;5,000<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">State and national data for the total and U.S.-born populations are rounded to the nearest 10,000. Unrounded numbers are used for significance tests, for plotting charts and for computations of differences and percentages. Where differences are reported, they are computed from unrounded estimates and then rounded separately. Because each figure is rounded separately, the rounded estimates may not add to rounded totals. Similarly, percentages computed from rounded numbers may differ from the percentages shown in this report.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"industry-and-occupation-category-labels\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Industry and occupation category labels<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Census Bureau has three different levels of aggregation each for industry and occupation. At the highest level, there are 12 classifications for \u201cmajor occupation\u201d groups (11 for civilians, plus the armed forces). At the next level, there are 23 \u201cdetailed occupation\u201d groups, but eight of them are identical to the \u201cmajor\u201d groups; the three major occupation groups for management, professional and service occupations are subdivided into 15 smaller, detailed groups. Finally, there are a large number of very specific occupation categories \u2013 almost 600 \u2013 which can be grouped into either the \u201cdetailed\u201d or \u201cmajor\u201d groups. So, for example, the code for \u201cAerospace engineers\u201d (1320) is part of the detailed category for \u201cArchitecture and engineering occupations\u201d which, in turn, is part of the major category of \u201cProfessional and related occupations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For industries, the highest level has 14 \u201cmajor industry\u201d groups (13 for civilians and one for the armed forces). At the next level, there are 52 \u201cdetailed industry\u201d groups. Unlike with occupations, only four of the \u201cmajor\u201d groups are identical to \u201cdetailed\u201d groups. Finally, there are 273 very specific industry categories that can be grouped into either the \u201cdetailed\u201d or \u201cmajor\u201d groups. So, for example, the industry called \u201cRetail bakeries\u201d (code 1190) is part of the detailed category for \u201cFood manufacturing\u201d which, in turn, is part of the major category of \u201cManufacturing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The analyses presented here use the \u201cmajor\u201d categories for both occupations and industries. Some data are presented for the very specific occupations and industries with the highest concentrations of unauthorized immigrants.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For ease of presentation, the full titles of many industry and occupation categories have been condensed from the Census Bureau\u2019s terminology in some figures and text. If so, they are shortened as follows:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Agriculture<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mining \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Construction \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manufacturing \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wholesale and retail trade \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Wholesale\/retail<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transportation and utilities \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Transport\/utilities<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Information \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Financial activities \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Professional and business services \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Business services<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Educational and health services \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Education\/health<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leisure and hospitality \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Leisure\/hospitality<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other services \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Public administration \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data on \u201cmajor\u201d occupation categories are sometimes condensed in figures and the text. If so, they are shortened as follows:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Management, business, and financial \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Management<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Professional and related \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Professional<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Service \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sales and related \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Sales<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Office and administrative support \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Office support<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Farming, fishing, and forestry \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Farming (or Agriculture)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Construction and extraction \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Construction<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Installation, maintenance, and repair \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Maintenance<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Production \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no change<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transportation and material moving \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Transportation<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">References in the text, text charts and tables can be cross-referenced to the lists above.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More information on the Census Bureau\u2019s industry and occupation categories can be found here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/people\/io\/\">http:\/\/www.census.gov\/people\/io\/<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The unauthorized immigrant estimates throughout this report are produced using a multistage method that first subtracts the estimated lawful foreign-born population from the total foreign-born population to derived estimates of the unauthorized immigrant population (for large states and the balance of the country, for adults and children and by region of birth). 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Industries of unauthorized immigrant workers","slug":"industries-of-unauthorized-immigrant-workers","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2016\/11\/03\/industries-of-unauthorized-immigrant-workers\/","is_active":false},{"id":61414,"title":"2. 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