{"id":48830,"date":"2014-06-12T00:01:59","date_gmt":"2014-06-12T05:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2014\/06\/12\/for-further-reading\/"},"modified":"2025-01-29T14:04:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T19:04:18","slug":"for-further-reading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/for-further-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"For Further Reading"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study draws upon a rich set of existing research on the topics of political polarization and ideological consistency in the American public, from both academics and political journalists. The books and articles listed below (by no means a comprehensive list) address many of the aspects of polarization discussed in this report and may be a good starting point for those looking to dive deeper into the topic.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, The Washington Post\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2014\/01\/08\/most-political-independents-actually-arent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monkey Cage<\/a> blog series about political polarization, which ran earlier this year, is a useful primer on the topic. It includes entries from several of the authors below, as well as many other scholars on the topic. See the bottom of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2014\/02\/25\/gridlock-is-bad-the-alternative-is-worse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the last piece in the series<\/a> for links to the full list of entries.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"some-further-reading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Some Further Reading<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abramowitz, Alan I. 2013. The Polarized Public?: Why American Government Is So Dysfunctional.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bishop, Bill. 2008. The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America Is Tearing Us Apart.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Broockman, David. 2014. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ocf.berkeley.edu\/~broockma\/broockman_approaches_to_studying_representation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Approaches to Studying Representation<\/a>\u201d Working Paper, University of California, Berkeley.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fiorina, Morris P., Samuel J. Abrams and Jeremy C. Pope. 2011. Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. Third edition.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gilbert, Craig. 2014. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jsonline.com\/news\/statepolitics\/democratic-republican-voters-worlds-apart-in-divided-wisconsin-b99249564z1-255883361.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dividing Lines<\/a>.\u201d Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hetherington, Marc J. 2009. \u201cReview Article: Putting Polarization in Perspective.\u201d British Journal of Political Science.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iyengar, Shanto, Gaurav Sood and Yphtach Lelkes. 2012. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/pcl.stanford.edu\/research\/2012\/iyengar-poq-affect-not-ideology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Affect, Not Ideology: A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization<\/a>.\u201d Public Opinion Quarterly.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">McCarty, Nolan, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal. 2006. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pietro S. Nivola and David W. Brady (eds.). 2006. Red and Blue Nation?: Characteristics and Causes of America&#8217;s Polarized Politics. Washington, DC: Brookings.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prior, Markus. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~mprior\/Prior%20MediaPolarization.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Media and Political Polarization<\/a>.\u201d Annual Review of Political Science.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This study draws upon a rich set of existing research on the topics of political polarization and ideological consistency in the American public, from both academics and political journalists. The books and articles listed below (by no means a comprehensive list) address many of the aspects of polarization discussed in this report and may be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[1240],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[520],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-48830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","datasets-2014-political-polarization-survey","formats-report","research-teams-politics"],"label":false,"post_parent":48880,"word_count":287,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/for-further-reading\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":66114,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":66114,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":66114,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":66114,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":66114,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png?w=640&h=405&crop=1","width":640,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":66114,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP-2014-06-12-polarization-1-01.png?w=640&h=410&crop=1","width":640,"height":410,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":48880,"title":"Political Polarization in the American Public","slug":"political-polarization-in-the-american-public","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/political-polarization-in-the-american-public\/","is_active":false},{"id":48991,"title":"Section 1: Growing Ideological Consistency","slug":"section-1-growing-ideological-consistency","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-1-growing-ideological-consistency\/","is_active":false},{"id":48892,"title":"Section 2: Growing Partisan Antipathy","slug":"section-2-growing-partisan-antipathy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-2-growing-partisan-antipathy\/","is_active":false},{"id":48891,"title":"Section 3: Political Polarization and Personal Life","slug":"section-3-political-polarization-and-personal-life","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-3-political-polarization-and-personal-life\/","is_active":false},{"id":48870,"title":"Section 4: Political Compromise and Divisive Policy Debates","slug":"section-4-political-compromise-and-divisive-policy-debates","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-4-political-compromise-and-divisive-policy-debates\/","is_active":false},{"id":48910,"title":"Section 5: Political Engagement and Activism","slug":"section-5-political-engagement-and-activism","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-5-political-engagement-and-activism\/","is_active":false},{"id":48830,"title":"For Further Reading","slug":"for-further-reading","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/for-further-reading\/","is_active":true},{"id":48920,"title":"Appendix A: The Ideological Consistency Scale","slug":"appendix-a-the-ideological-consistency-scale","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/appendix-a-the-ideological-consistency-scale\/","is_active":false},{"id":48899,"title":"Appendix B: Why We Include Leaners With Partisans","slug":"appendix-b-why-we-include-leaners-with-partisans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/appendix-b-why-we-include-leaners-with-partisans\/","is_active":false},{"id":48926,"title":"About the Surveys","slug":"about-the-surveys-25","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/about-the-surveys-25\/","is_active":false},{"id":48922,"title":"Key Shareable Findings","slug":"key-shareable-findings","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/key-shareable-findings\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"403804db-4da8-4707-9ddc-74f090b15e9a","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2014\/06\/6-12-2014-Political-Polarization-Release.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"7e231855-a44e-4664-bbc0-b0a4dba426e6","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2014\/06\/2014-Polarization-Topline-for-Release.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"44df3321-0b36-4b7e-999e-d157622375a3","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/political-polarization-detailed-tables\/","label":"Detailed Tables","icon":"detailed-tables","attachmentId":""},{"key":"559ef887-40f0-4c96-908f-90926ffb97d4","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/key-shareable-findings\/","label":"Key Shareable Findings","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"23cdca28-9995-406f-b928-007b2ecedfc5","type":"promo","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.10_polarizationTiles_75x75.png","label":"Interactive<span aria-hidden=\"true\">:<\/span> U.S. Political Polarization:  1994 - 2014","icon":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.10_polarizationTiles_75x75.png?w=75&h=75&crop=1","attachmentId":66104},{"type":"dataset","id":1240,"label":"2014 Political Polarization Survey","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/2014-political-polarization-survey\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":48830,"title":"For Further Reading","slug":"for-further-reading","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/for-further-reading\/","is_active":true,"page_num":7},"next_post":{"id":48920,"title":"Appendix A: The Ideological Consistency Scale","slug":"appendix-a-the-ideological-consistency-scale","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/appendix-a-the-ideological-consistency-scale\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},"previous_post":{"id":48910,"title":"Section 5: Political Engagement and Activism","slug":"section-5-political-engagement-and-activism","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-5-political-engagement-and-activism\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},"pagination_items":[{"id":48880,"title":"Political Polarization in the American Public","slug":"political-polarization-in-the-american-public","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/political-polarization-in-the-american-public\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":48991,"title":"Section 1: Growing Ideological Consistency","slug":"section-1-growing-ideological-consistency","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-1-growing-ideological-consistency\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":48892,"title":"Section 2: Growing Partisan Antipathy","slug":"section-2-growing-partisan-antipathy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-2-growing-partisan-antipathy\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":48891,"title":"Section 3: Political Polarization and Personal Life","slug":"section-3-political-polarization-and-personal-life","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-3-political-polarization-and-personal-life\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":48870,"title":"Section 4: Political Compromise and Divisive Policy Debates","slug":"section-4-political-compromise-and-divisive-policy-debates","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-4-political-compromise-and-divisive-policy-debates\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":48910,"title":"Section 5: Political Engagement and Activism","slug":"section-5-political-engagement-and-activism","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/section-5-political-engagement-and-activism\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":48830,"title":"For Further Reading","slug":"for-further-reading","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/for-further-reading\/","is_active":true,"page_num":7},{"id":48920,"title":"Appendix A: The Ideological Consistency Scale","slug":"appendix-a-the-ideological-consistency-scale","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/appendix-a-the-ideological-consistency-scale\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":48899,"title":"Appendix B: Why We Include Leaners With Partisans","slug":"appendix-b-why-we-include-leaners-with-partisans","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/appendix-b-why-we-include-leaners-with-partisans\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},{"id":48926,"title":"About the Surveys","slug":"about-the-surveys-25","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/about-the-surveys-25\/","is_active":false,"page_num":10},{"id":48922,"title":"Key Shareable Findings","slug":"key-shareable-findings","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/12\/key-shareable-findings\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Political Polarization in the American Public","parent_id":48880},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"For Further Reading","description":"This study draws upon a rich set of existing research on the topics of political polarization and ideological consistency in the American public, from both academics and political journalists. The&hellip;","og_title":"For Further Reading","og_description":"","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":{"research-teams":520},"custom_schema":[],"og_image":66114,"indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"prepublish_checks":{"prc-image-alt-text":{"status":"complete","message":"No image blocks in content.","data":null},"prc-about-this-research":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add an \"About this research\" details block.","data":null},"prc-paragraph-count":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 12 paragraphs.","data":{"count":12}},"prc-internal-link":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add at least one internal link.","data":{"count":0}}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[],"bylinesOrdered":[],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/131"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48830"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111975,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48830\/revisions\/111975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"level_of_effort","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level_of_effort?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"primary_audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/primary_audience?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"information_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/information_type?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=48830"},{"taxonomy":"workflow-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/workflow-status?post=48830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}