{"id":48734,"date":"2014-06-26T11:52:45","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T16:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2014\/06\/26\/key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology\/"},"modified":"2026-08-27T09:26:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T13:26:12","slug":"key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology\/","title":{"rendered":"Key Facts from Pew Research\u2019s Political Typology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Our latest <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/the-political-typology-beyond-red-vs-blue\/\">Political Typology survey<\/a> sorts American voters into cohesive groups based on their attitudes and values and provides a field guide for the constantly changing political landscape. Here are some key facts and shareable findings about these groups and&nbsp;their views of the nation.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology\/pp_14-06-26_quizlandingimage-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ece6e8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ece6e8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"145\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.26_Quizlandingimage.png?resize=480,116 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.26_Quizlandingimage.png?resize=600,145 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.26_Quizlandingimage.png?w=600\" alt=\"PP_14.06.26_Quizlandingimage\" class=\"wp-image-65606 not-transparent\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"who-are-the-political-typology-groups\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;who-are-the-political-typology-groups&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Who are the political typology groups?<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__prc icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" transform=\"translate(0 0) scale(0.046875)\" d=\"M256 512A256 256 0 1 0 256 0a256 256 0 1 0 0 512zM232 344l0-64-64 0c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24l64 0 0-64c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24s24 10.7 24 24l0 64 64 0c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24l-64 0 0 64c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__prc icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" transform=\"translate(0 0) scale(0.046875)\" d=\"M256 512A256 256 0 1 0 256 0a256 256 0 1 0 0 512zM184 232l144 0c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24l-144 0c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Steadfast Conservatives<\/strong>: Generally critical of government, especially social safety net programs, but also critical of big business and immigrants. Most are very socially conservative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Business Conservatives<\/strong>: Overall, critical of government regulation and social-welfare spending, but not of big business. For the most part, moderate to liberal on social issues, with positive views toward immigrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Young Outsiders<\/strong>: Tend to be distrustful of government programs and fiscally conservative, but very liberal on social issues and not very religious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Hard-Pressed Skeptics<\/strong>: Generally distrustful of government, except for social safety net spending. On average, low-income, anti-immigrant compared with other groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Next Generation Left<\/strong>: Generally positive feelings about government, but less so for social programs. Tend to be business-oriented and individualistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Faith and Family Left<\/strong>: By and large, highly religious, socially conservative, but strongly support social safety net and government action more broadly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Solid Liberals<\/strong>: Overall, highly supportive of social programs, immigrants and government generally; very skeptical of business and markets. Consistently liberal on social issues, from homosexuality to environmental protection.\n<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>America\u2019s Political Spectrum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>America\u2019s political center is fractured into 4 groups that are as different from each other as from the left and right<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Groups in America\u2019s political middle are less partisan, less predictable, and less engaged in politics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There are three strongly partisan groups in the U.S. today &#8211; one left and two right &#8211; who make up 36% of the public<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10% of the public are political bystanders: a young, diverse group on the sidelines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Parties\u2019 Coalitions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cSolid Liberals\u201d (17% of RVs) anchor the Democrats&#8217; coalition, yet Dems must reach other groups<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Main anchors of Republican base are &#8220;Steadfast Conservatives&#8221; and &#8220;Business Conservatives&#8221;&#8211;27% of registered voters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both parties face formidable challenges in reaching beyond their bases to appeal to the middle of the electorate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Groups in the Middle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cYoung Outsiders\u201d lean Republican, but diverge from GOP orthodoxy on social and other issues<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Economically battered \u201cHard-Pressed Skeptics\u201d supported Obama in 2012, but more divided today<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cNext Generation Left\u201d &#8212; young, affluent, liberal but skeptical about cost of social programs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Racially diverse \u201cFaith and Family Left\u201d lean heavily Democratic, but some uneasy with social change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rifts on the Right<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>73% of \u201cSteadfast Conservatives\u201d see immigrants as a burden; just 21% of \u201cBusiness Conservatives\u201d agree<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gap between &#8220;Business Conservatives&#8221; and &#8220;Steadfast Conservatives&#8221; on whether Wall St. helps or hurts economy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cSteadfast Conservatives\u201d deeply skeptical of US global involvement; \u201cBusiness Conservatives\u201d favor an active US role<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rifts on the Left<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Just 37% of \u201cFaith and Family Left\u201d support same-sex marriage, unlike &#8220;Solid Liberals&#8221; (89%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Solid Liberals&#8221; more supportive of gov&#8217;t spending for poor than &#8220;Next Generation Left&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>91% of \u201cFaith and Family Left\u201d say belief in God is necessary to be moral compared with 11% of \u201cSolid Liberals\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Views of the Nation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>76% of \u201cSteadfast Conservatives\u201d say the U.S.\u2019s best years are behind us compared with 49% of overall public<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cSolid Liberals\u201d (70%) and the \u201cNext Generation Left\u201d (65%) say the best is yet to come for the U.S.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Steadfast Conservatives&#8221; say reliance on principles key to U.S. success; &#8220;Solid Liberals&#8221; say it&#8217;s ability to change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Majorities of all typology groups, especially conservative\u00a0groups, express low levels of trust in government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our latest Political Typology survey sorts American voters into cohesive groups based on their attitudes and values and provides a field guide for the constantly changing political landscape. Here are some key facts and shareable findings about these groups and&nbsp;their views of the nation.&nbsp; America\u2019s Political Spectrum The Parties\u2019 Coalitions The Groups in the Middle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":65552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"wpai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[724],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0},"categories":[3082],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"datasets":[1240],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[520],"workflow-status":[],"collection":[],"class_list":["post-48734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","datasets-2014-political-polarization-survey","formats-report","research-teams-politics"],"label":"Report","post_parent":48721,"word_count":572,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":"65552","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png?w=260&h=260&crop=1","width":260,"height":260,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":"65552","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png?w=260&h=151&crop=1","width":260,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":"65552","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":"65552","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png?w=260&h=151&crop=1","width":260,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":"65552","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png?w=260&h=260&crop=1","width":260,"height":260,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":"65552","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2014\/06\/PP_14.06.25_typologyPromo-260.png?w=260&h=260&crop=1","width":260,"height":260,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"prc_checklist":{"prc-image-alt-text":{"status":"complete","message":"All images have alt text.","data":null},"prc-about-this-research":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add an \"About this research\" details block.","data":null},"prc-paragraph-count":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 14 paragraphs.","data":{"count":14}},"prc-internal-link":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 2 internal links.","data":{"count":2}},"prc-environment-link":{"status":"complete","message":"No links to other Pew Research environments.","data":{"count":0,"hosts":[]}}},"watchChildPosts":false,"watchers":[{"id":724,"name":"msolorzano","email":"msolorzano-temp@pewresearch.org","slack_user_id":"","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f86893a13d28433dcc6c4512a48b171b84ea93b30b59a30560a70570b12b1dec?s=48&d=mm&r=g"}],"table_of_contents":[{"id":48721,"title":"Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology","slug":"the-political-typology-beyond-red-vs-blue-2014","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/the-political-typology-beyond-red-vs-blue-2014\/","is_active":false},{"id":48756,"title":"Section 1: The Political Typology, Identity and Attitudes","slug":"section-1-the-political-typology-identity-and-attitudes","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-1-the-political-typology-identity-and-attitudes\/","is_active":false},{"id":48765,"title":"Section 2: Views of the Nation, the Constitution and Government","slug":"section-2-views-of-the-nation-the-constitution-and-government","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-2-views-of-the-nation-the-constitution-and-government\/","is_active":false},{"id":48743,"title":"Section 3: Fairness of the Economic System, Views of the Poor and the Social Safety Net","slug":"section-3-fairness-of-the-economic-system-views-of-the-poor-and-the-social-safety-net","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-3-fairness-of-the-economic-system-views-of-the-poor-and-the-social-safety-net\/","is_active":false},{"id":48784,"title":"Section 4: Views on Immigration and Race","slug":"section-4-views-on-immigration-and-race","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-4-views-on-immigration-and-race\/","is_active":false},{"id":48775,"title":"Section 5: Views on Religion, the Bible, Evolution and Social Issues","slug":"section-5-views-on-religion-the-bible-evolution-and-social-issues","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-5-views-on-religion-the-bible-evolution-and-social-issues\/","is_active":false},{"id":48790,"title":"Section 6: Foreign Affairs, Terrorism and Privacy","slug":"section-6-foreign-affairs-terrorism-and-privacy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-6-foreign-affairs-terrorism-and-privacy\/","is_active":false},{"id":48800,"title":"Section 7: Global Warming, Environment and Energy","slug":"section-7-global-warming-environment-and-energy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-7-global-warming-environment-and-energy\/","is_active":false},{"id":48811,"title":"Section 8: Health Care, Marijuana, Common Core, Other Domestic Issues","slug":"section-8-health-care-marijuana-common-core-other-domestic-issues","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-8-health-care-marijuana-common-core-other-domestic-issues\/","is_active":false},{"id":48826,"title":"Section 9: Patriotism, Personal Traits, Lifestyles and Demographics","slug":"section-9-patriotism-personal-traits-lifestyles-and-demographics","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-9-patriotism-personal-traits-lifestyles-and-demographics\/","is_active":false},{"id":48819,"title":"Section 10: Political Participation, Interest and Knowledge","slug":"section-10-political-participation-interest-and-knowledge","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-10-political-participation-interest-and-knowledge\/","is_active":false},{"id":48836,"title":"Appendix 1: Typology Group Profiles","slug":"appendix-1-typology-group-profiles","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/appendix-1-typology-group-profiles\/","is_active":false},{"id":48850,"title":"Appendix 2: About the Political Typology","slug":"appendix-2-about-the-political-typology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/appendix-2-about-the-political-typology\/","is_active":false},{"id":48859,"title":"Appendix 3: About the Surveys","slug":"appendix-3-about-the-surveys","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/appendix-3-about-the-surveys\/","is_active":false},{"id":48734,"title":"Key Facts from Pew Research\u2019s Political Typology","slug":"key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology\/","is_active":true},{"id":48842,"title":"Typology Detailed Tables","slug":"typology-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/typology-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_wc0u276wm","type":"link","attachmentId":0,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2014\/06\/6-26-14-Political-Typology-release1.pdf","label":"Report PDF","icon":"report"},{"key":"_gvmbb0ag7","type":"link","attachmentId":0,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2014\/06\/APPENDIX-4-Typology-Topline-for-Release.pdf","label":"Topline Questionnaire","icon":"topline"},{"key":"_nbqiaec3o","type":"link","attachmentId":0,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/typology-detailed-tables\/","label":"Detailed 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Typology","slug":"key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/key-facts-from-pew-researchs-political-typology\/","is_active":true,"page_num":15},"next_post":{"id":48842,"title":"Typology Detailed Tables","slug":"typology-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/typology-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false,"page_num":16},"previous_post":{"id":48859,"title":"Appendix 3: About the Surveys","slug":"appendix-3-about-the-surveys","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/appendix-3-about-the-surveys\/","is_active":false,"page_num":14},"pagination_items":[{"id":48721,"title":"Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology","slug":"the-political-typology-beyond-red-vs-blue-2014","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/the-political-typology-beyond-red-vs-blue-2014\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":48756,"title":"Section 1: The Political Typology, Identity and Attitudes","slug":"section-1-the-political-typology-identity-and-attitudes","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-1-the-political-typology-identity-and-attitudes\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":48765,"title":"Section 2: Views of the Nation, the Constitution and Government","slug":"section-2-views-of-the-nation-the-constitution-and-government","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2014\/06\/26\/section-2-views-of-the-nation-the-constitution-and-government\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":48743,"title":"Section 3: Fairness of the Economic System, Views of the Poor and the Social Safety 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