{"id":47254,"date":"2021-03-09T11:50:16","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T16:50:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2021\/03\/09\/covid-aid-package-appendix\/"},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:57:13","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:57:13","slug":"covid-aid-package-appendix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/03\/09\/covid-aid-package-appendix\/","title":{"rendered":"Appendix: Defining income tiers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create upper-, middle- and lower-income tiers, respondents\u2019 2019 family incomes were adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and for household size. \u201cMiddle-income\u201d adults live in families with annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median family income in the panel (after incomes have been adjusted for the local cost of living and for household size). The middle-income range for the American Trends Panel is about $38,900 to $116,800 annually for an average family of three. Lower-income families have incomes less than roughly $38,900, and upper-income families have incomes greater than roughly $116,800 (all figures expressed in 2019 dollars).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on these adjustments, 31% are lower income, 45% are middle income and 19% fall into the upper-income tier. An additional 4% either didn\u2019t offer a response to the income question or the household size question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information about how the income tiers were determined, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2020\/09\/24\/covid-19-financial-hardships-methodology\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To create upper-, middle- and lower-income tiers, respondents\u2019 2019 family incomes were adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and for household size. \u201cMiddle-income\u201d adults live in families with annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median family income in the panel (after incomes have been adjusted for the local cost of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[520],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-47254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-politics"],"label":false,"post_parent":47237,"word_count":143,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/03\/09\/covid-aid-package-appendix\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":59210,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":true},"XL":{"id":59208,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_topic.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":59210,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_crop.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":true},"A4":{"id":59210,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":true},"A1":{"id":59208,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_topic.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":59207,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/03\/PP_21.03.09_BidenEcon_feature.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":47237,"title":"Broad Public Support for Coronavirus Aid Package; 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