{"id":46974,"date":"2021-09-23T14:04:45","date_gmt":"2021-09-23T19:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-appendix\/"},"modified":"2024-04-13T23:55:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T04:55:48","slug":"biden-economy-appendix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-appendix\/","title":{"rendered":"Appendix: Defining income tiers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create upper-, middle- and lower-income tiers, respondents\u2019 2020 family incomes were adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and household size. \u201cMiddle-income\u201d adults live in families with annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median family income in the panel (after incomes have been adjusted for the local cost of living and household size). The middle-income range for the American Trends Panel is about $42,000 to $125,900 annually for an average family of three. Lower-income families have incomes less than roughly $42,000, and upper-income families have incomes greater than roughly $125,900 (all figures expressed in 2020 dollars).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on these adjustments, 31% of respondents are lower income, 47% are middle income and 16% fall into the upper-income tier. An additional 6% either didn\u2019t offer a response to the income question or the household size question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information about how the income tiers were determined, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2021\/09\/15\/covid19-restrictions-methodology\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To create upper-, middle- and lower-income tiers, respondents\u2019 2020 family incomes were adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and household size. \u201cMiddle-income\u201d adults live in families with annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median family income in the panel (after incomes have been adjusted for the local cost of living [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[520],"class_list":["post-46974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-politics"],"label":false,"post_parent":46987,"word_count":143,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-appendix\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":58864,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_topic.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":58867,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":true},"A3":{"id":58867,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_crop.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":true},"A4":{"id":58867,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":true},"XL":{"id":58864,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_topic.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":58871,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_21.09.20_BidenEconomy_feature.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":46987,"title":"Biden Loses Ground With the Public on Issues, Personal Traits and Job Approval","slug":"biden-loses-ground-with-the-public-on-issues-personal-traits-and-job-approval","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-loses-ground-with-the-public-on-issues-personal-traits-and-job-approval\/","is_active":false},{"id":46967,"title":"1. Views of Biden and congressional leaders","slug":"views-of-biden-and-congressional-leaders","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/views-of-biden-and-congressional-leaders\/","is_active":false},{"id":46963,"title":"2. National economic ratings and concerns","slug":"national-economic-ratings-and-concerns","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/national-economic-ratings-and-concerns\/","is_active":false},{"id":46979,"title":"3. Biden administration\u2019s handling of Afghanistan and views of accepting Afghan refugees in the U.S.","slug":"biden-administrations-handling-of-afghanistan-and-views-of-accepting-afghan-refugees-in-the-u-s","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-administrations-handling-of-afghanistan-and-views-of-accepting-afghan-refugees-in-the-u-s\/","is_active":false},{"id":46971,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"biden-economy-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":46974,"title":"Appendix: Defining income tiers","slug":"biden-economy-appendix","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-appendix\/","is_active":true},{"id":46983,"title":"Methodology","slug":"biden-economy-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-methodology\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_qaw3nhnjm","type":"report","attachmentId":58877,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_2021.09.23_biden-economy_REPORT.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"key":"_i3j5c7z47","type":"topline","attachmentId":58875,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/09\/PP_2021.09.23_Biden-economy_TOPLINE.pdf","label":"","icon":""}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":46974,"title":"Appendix: Defining income tiers","slug":"biden-economy-appendix","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-appendix\/","is_active":true,"page_num":6},"next_post":{"id":46983,"title":"Methodology","slug":"biden-economy-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},"previous_post":{"id":46971,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"biden-economy-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},"pagination_items":[{"id":46987,"title":"Biden Loses Ground With the Public on Issues, Personal Traits and Job Approval","slug":"biden-loses-ground-with-the-public-on-issues-personal-traits-and-job-approval","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-loses-ground-with-the-public-on-issues-personal-traits-and-job-approval\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":46967,"title":"1. Views of Biden and congressional leaders","slug":"views-of-biden-and-congressional-leaders","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/views-of-biden-and-congressional-leaders\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":46963,"title":"2. National economic ratings and concerns","slug":"national-economic-ratings-and-concerns","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/national-economic-ratings-and-concerns\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":46979,"title":"3. Biden administration\u2019s handling of Afghanistan and views of accepting Afghan refugees in the U.S.","slug":"biden-administrations-handling-of-afghanistan-and-views-of-accepting-afghan-refugees-in-the-u-s","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-administrations-handling-of-afghanistan-and-views-of-accepting-afghan-refugees-in-the-u-s\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":46971,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"biden-economy-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/09\/23\/biden-economy-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":46974,"title":"Appendix: Defining income 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