{"id":46451,"date":"2022-08-09T13:55:01","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T18:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2022\/08\/09\/why-people-identify-with-or-lean-toward-a-political-party\/"},"modified":"2025-12-15T15:52:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T20:52:25","slug":"why-people-identify-with-or-lean-toward-a-political-party","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2022\/08\/09\/why-people-identify-with-or-lean-toward-a-political-party\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Why people identify with \u2013 or lean toward \u2013 a political party"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Republicans and Democrats are as likely to point to the harm of the other party\u2019s policies as a major reason for affiliating with their party as they are to point to the good of their party\u2019s policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who don\u2019t identify as a partisan, but lean toward one of the parties, are most likely point to the negative impacts they see coming from the other party\u2019s agenda as a major reason for why they lean toward that party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About eight-in-ten Republicans (78%) and seven-in-ten Democrats (68%) say that the harm of the other party\u2019s policies to the country is a major reason they identify with their own party. The shares citing these negative factors for their partisan affiliation have increased since Pew Research Center\u2019s 2016 study of partisanship<\/a>. At that time, 68% of Republicans and 62% of Democrats cited the harm to the country by the other party\u2019s policies as a major reason for their decision to identify with their party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About three-quarters of Republicans (76%) and 68% of Democrats say their own party\u2019s policies being good for the country is a major reason they affiliate with their party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Just over half of Republicans (56%) and Democrats (55%) say that their party sticking up for people like them leads them to adopt the party label. Around four-in-ten in each party (40% of Republicans, 45% of Democrats) say having a lot in common with people who are members of their party is a major reason for their affiliation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Few in either party point to most of their friends and family being of the same party as a major contributor to their partisan identity: Just 12% of Republicans and 15% of Democrats say this is a major reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why partisan leaners lean \u2013 and why they don\u2019t identify with a party<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Those who lean toward one of the two major parties but do not identify as partisans most commonly cite harm to the country from the other party\u2019s policies as a reason for why they choose to lean as they do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Majorities of Republican leaners (57%) and Democratic leaners (55%) say the other party\u2019s policies being harmful to the country is a major reason why they lean toward their party. Nearly four-in-ten Republican leaners (39%) and about a quarter of Democratic leaners (27%) say the policies of the party they lean toward being good for the country is a major reason they lean in that direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About a quarter of both GOP leaners (27%) and Democratic leaners (24%) say the party sticking up for people like them is a major reason for their leaning. About two-in-ten say having a lot in common with party members is a major reason (21% of Republican leaners and 20% of Democratic leaners).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asked why they lean toward a party but do not identify with it, about four-in-ten leaners say a major reason is that they do not like putting labels on their political views (45% of Republican leaners and 43% of Democratic leaners). Nearly as many cite frustration with the party\u2019s leaders as a major reason keeping them from embracing the party more (39% of Republican leaners, 40% of Democratic leaners).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About three-in-ten leaners (31% of Republican leaners and 30% of Democratic leaners) say disagreeing with the party on important issues is a major reason why they don\u2019t embrace the party label, while about two-in-ten cite not caring enough about politics to identify with a party as a major reason (21% and 19%, respectively).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Since 2016, the share of Democratic leaners who say frustration with party leadership is a major reason they don\u2019t identify with the Democratic Party has increased. At the same time, the share of Republican leaners who cite frustration with GOP leaders as a major reason for not identifying as Republicans has declined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result, today there is essentially no difference in the shares of Republican (39%) and Democratic leaners (40%) who say frustration with party leaders is a major reason they don\u2019t identify with the party. Six years ago, there was a 24 percentage point gap between Republican and Democratic leaners (52% of Republican leaners vs. 28% of Democratic leaners) on this question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The share of Republican leaners citing disagreement with GOP policies as a major reason for not identifying as a partisan has declined over the last several years: Today, 31% say this is a major reason, while 37% said this in 2018 and 40% said this in 2016. Democratic leaners are also less likely to cite this as a major reason for not identifying as a Democrat than they were four years ago (30% now, 38% then), though the share saying this today is little different than it was in 2016 (when 33% said this).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Non-college adults are more likely than college graduates to cite the party \u2018sticking up for people like them\u2019 as a major reason for identifying with it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Partisans without four-year college degrees are more likely than those with degrees to say a major reason for affiliating with their party is because it \u201csticks up for people like me\u201d \u2013 and this is especially the case among Republicans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A 61% majority of Republicans who do not have bachelor\u2019s degrees say the party sticking up for them is a major reason for their party identification; 43% of Republicans with more education say the same. There is a narrower but still significant gap among Democrats: 59% without college degrees say the Democratic Party sticking up for people like them is a major reason for identifying as a Democrat. By comparison, 50% of Democrats with bachelor\u2019s degrees or more education say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Republican leaners without bachelor\u2019s degrees (29%) also are more likely than those with a bachelor\u2019s or more education (22%) to cite the GOP standing up for them as a major reason for their leaning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democrats and Democratic leaners with <\/em>four-year degrees are more likely than those without degrees to say policies play a major role in their political affiliation \u2013 especially in negative views of Republican policies. Two-thirds or more of Democrats (75%) and Democratic leaners (67%) with college degrees say negative views of Republican policies are a major reason they identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. Democrats and Democratic leaners without college degrees are less likely to say this (64% of Democrats and 49% of Democratic leaners without four-year degrees).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Few voters say it is likely they will vote for the other party<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Most registered voters \u2013 regardless of whether they identify with a party or are independents who lean toward a party \u2013 say it is unlikely they will cast a ballot for a candidate from the other party for any office over the next several years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About eight-in-ten or more Democrats (83%) and Republicans (87%) say it is at least somewhat unlikely they will cast a ballot for a candidate from the other party, including 63% of Democrats and 71% of Republicans who say it is very unlikely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most voters who lean toward a party also say they\u2019re unlikely to cast ballots for the other party\u2019s candidates for any political offices. About seven-in-ten of those who lean toward the Democratic Party (68%) or the Republican Party (73%) say it is somewhat or very unlikely they would vote for the other side. About half of these voters say it is very <\/em>unlikely they would do this (46% of Democratic leaners and 49% of GOP leaners).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, leaners are somewhat more likely than those who identify with the parties to say it is somewhat or very likely they would swing to vote for the other party: 27% of Democratic leaners and 22% of Republican leaners say it is somewhat or very likely they will vote for the other party\u2019s candidates in the next several years, compared with just 15% of Democrats and 11% of Republicans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Republicans and Democrats are as likely to point to the harm of the other party\u2019s policies as a major reason for affiliating with their party as they are to point to the good of their party\u2019s policies. Those who don\u2019t identify as a partisan, but lean toward one of the parties, are most likely point […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[520],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-46451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-politics"],"label":false,"post_parent":46426,"word_count":1252,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2022\/08\/09\/why-people-identify-with-or-lean-toward-a-political-party\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":58406,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_topic.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":58409,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":true},"A3":{"id":58409,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_crop.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"","chartArt":true},"A4":{"id":58409,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":true},"XL":{"id":58406,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_topic.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":58412,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/08\/PP_22.07.20_Parties_feature.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":46426,"title":"As Partisan Hostility Grows, Signs of Frustration With the Two-Party System","slug":"as-partisan-hostility-grows-signs-of-frustration-with-the-two-party-system","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2022\/08\/09\/as-partisan-hostility-grows-signs-of-frustration-with-the-two-party-system\/","is_active":false},{"id":46457,"title":"1. 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