{"id":40476,"date":"2013-12-17T13:30:27","date_gmt":"2013-12-17T18:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2013\/12\/17\/chapter-4-remittances\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:09:10","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:09:10","slug":"chapter-4-remittances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2013\/12\/17\/chapter-4-remittances\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4: Remittances"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Total<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Remittances worldwide have nearly tripled since 2000 and experienced only a one-year dip during the recent recession. Remittances to middle-income countries\u2014the birthplace of a rising share of immigrants worldwide\u2014have more than tripled since 2000, and middle-income nations account for a markedly increased share of all remittances over that period.<\/p>\n\n

After a one-year decline in 2009 during the Great Recession, remittances worldwide recovered the following year and have continued to rise. Remittances to all nations declined 7% ($30 billion) in 2009, to $420 billion, but by 2010 were slightly higher ($452 billion) than they had been in 2008 ($450 billion).<\/p>\n\n

For those countries with available data, remittances rose 22% from 2009 to 2013, according to World Bank data. (The analysis in this chapter is based on remittances to 137 nations that receive 93% of estimated 2013 remittances in World Bank data. See Appendix A: Methodology for details.)<\/p>\n\n

In 2013, the world\u2019s middle-income nations as a group received an estimated $363 billion in remittances, according to World Bank data. That represented growth of 360% since 2000. As with remittances overall, remittances to middle-income countries declined in 2009 but picked up the following year to exceed the 2008 total. From 2009 to 2013, remittances to middle-income nations grew by 24%.<\/p>\n\n

From 2000 to 2013, remittances to high-income nations as a group grew 64% and to low-income nations increased more than sixfold.[5. numoffset=”5″ Because of a change in the World Bank\u2019s definition of remittances, there is discontinuity in data for 2004 and 2005. The change resulted in a lower level of remittances to high-income nations than would otherwise have been the case. See Appendix A: Methodology. Nonetheless, overall patterns are similar regardless of whether the new definition is used.] Remittances to high-income nations declined during the recession, but remittances to low-income nations did not.<\/p>\n\n

Remittances to high-income nations declined in 2009, rose in 2010 and by 2011 exceeded the total for 2008. Remittances to low-income nations have risen each year since 2000.<\/p>\n\n

By any measure, India and China are the top global recipients of remittances, according to World Bank data. They also are the top receiving nations among middle-income countries. In 2013, India received an estimated $71 billion in remittances, and China an estimated $60 billion. Among the other top middle-income receiving nations for remittances are the Philippines ($26 billion), Mexico ($22 billion) and Nigeria ($21 billion).<\/p>\n\n

Among high-income nations, the top five remittance receivers are France (with an estimated $22 billion in 2013), Germany ($15 billion), Belgium ($11 billion), Spain ($10 billion) and South Korea ($9 billion). The United States, which received an estimated $6 billion in remittances in 2013, ranks ninth among high-income nations.<\/p>\n\n

\"Top-10<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Among the world\u2019s poorest countries, Bangladesh ranks first as a remittance receiving nation, taking in $15 billion in 2013, according to World Bank estimates. Among the other top low-income receiving nations are Nepal ($5 billion), Tajikistan ($4 billion), Burma (Myanmar) ($3 billion) and Kyrgyzstan ($2 billion).<\/p>\n\n

Share of Remittances by Income Category<\/h3>\n\n
\"Share<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Middle-income nations receive the majority of remittances worldwide, 71% in 2013, according to World Bank estimates. Their share of the total has grown markedly since 2000, when it was 57%. That growth has slowed since the mid-2000s; middle-income nations have claimed 70% to 71% of the total since 2006.<\/p>\n\n

Low-income nations receive a small share of remittances worldwide, an estimated 6% in 2013, but that share has doubled since 2000. The growth in share of remittances to these nations has taken place since 2006.<\/p>\n\n

High-income nations receive 23% of worldwide remittances, according to World Bank 2013 estimates. That share has declined from 40% in 2000. Most of the decline came before the mid-2000s.<\/p>\n\n

Remittances as Share of GDP<\/h3>\n\n
\"Remittances<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

Remittances represent a higher share of GDP in poorer nations than in richer ones and also have grown more sharply as a share of GDP. Among all low-income nations, remittances accounted for an estimated 8% of GDP in 2012. The contribution of remittances to the GDP of low-income nations overall has more than doubled since 2000, when money sent home by migrants represented about 3% of those countries\u2019 GDP. These nations, however, receive a small share of all world remittances.<\/p>\n\n

Among middle-income nations, remittances represented less than 2% of GDP in 2012, according to an analysis of World Bank estimates.<\/p>\n\n

Meanwhile, among high-income nations, remittances are a much smaller share of 2012 GDP, less than 1%, according to an analysis of World Bank estimates.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Remittances worldwide have nearly tripled since 2000 and experienced only a one-year dip during the recent recession. Remittances to middle-income countries\u2014the birthplace of a rising share of immigrants worldwide\u2014have more than tripled since 2000, and middle-income nations account for a markedly increased share of all remittances over that period. After a one-year decline in 2009 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