{"id":374132,"date":"2026-08-31T14:55:27","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T18:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=374132"},"modified":"2026-08-31T15:11:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T19:11:01","slug":"who-sees-themselves-as-working-class","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Sees Themselves as Working Class?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<header class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3008fe19 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-ui-text-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-cd9d5d6a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h1 aria-level=\"1\" data-post-type=\"post\" style=\"line-height:1.15\" class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title has-fluid-3-to-2-font-size has-serif-font-family has-text-align-center\">Who Sees Themselves as Working Class?<\/h1>\n\n<div class=\"wp-elements-2 wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display has-small-label-font-size is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-cbcdc57d wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-flex\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__bylines\"><span class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__prefix\">By<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/steven-shepard\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Steven Shepard\">Steven Shepard<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/hannah-hartig\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Hannah Hartig\">Hannah Hartig<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/andy-cerda\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Andy Cerda\">Andy Cerda<\/a> <span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__and-separator\">and<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/jocelyn-kiley\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Jocelyn Kiley\">Jocelyn Kiley<\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-date has-text-align-center\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-31T14:55:27-04:00\">August 31, 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter has-small-icon-size has-icon-color has-icon-background-color is-style-pill-shape is-horizontal is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-470dabbf wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);font-size:14px;text-transform:capitalize\"><div style=\"--block-gap:inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-social-share-sheet\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/social-share-sheet&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Who Sees Themselves as Working Class?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Most Americans think of themselves as working class, and Republicans are more likely to do so than Democrats.&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/?p=374132&quot;,&quot;hashtags&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;image&quot;:false}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\" data-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.enabled\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=374132\" class=\"has-ui-gray-very-dark-color has-ui-white-background-color\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__prc icon__share\"><svg style=\"width: 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https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png?resize=1564,880 1564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png?resize=1600,900 1600w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png?resize=1920,1080 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 1200px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-376298 not-transparent\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photos, left to right: Al Drago, Miguel J. Rodriguez Carrillo, Katina Zentz, Jeffrey Greenberg, Paul Bersebach and Raquel Natalicchio all via Getty Images. Photo illustration by Pew Research Center.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">Most Americans think of themselves as \u201cworking class\u201d today: Overall, <strong>60% of U.S. adults say the term describes them well.<\/strong> And the identity is widely adopted by people across all income and educational groups \u2013 including half of both Americans who have a bachelor\u2019s degree and those who are upper income.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:310px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:374132,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/politics\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/31\\\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/many-americans-say-working-class-describes-them-well-but-some-are-more-likely-than-others-to-adopt-the-term\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-08-31&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:378296,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/many_americans_say_working_class_describes_them_well_but_some_are_more_likely_than_others_to_adopt_the_term-369845-1788202562.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Many Americans say \\u2018working class\\u2019 describes them well, but some are more likely than others to adopt the term&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% of U.S. adults who say \\u2018working class\\u2019 describes them \\u2026&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;* Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.&lt;br&gt;Note: White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2024 earnings.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Group&quot;,&quot;Extremely well&quot;,&quot;Very well&quot;,&quot;NET Extremely\\\/very well&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;32&quot;,&quot;60&quot;],[&quot;White&quot;,&quot;29&quot;,&quot;32&quot;,&quot;62&quot;],[&quot;Hispanic&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;32&quot;,&quot;59&quot;],[&quot;Black&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;26&quot;,&quot;54&quot;],[&quot;Asian*&quot;,&quot;19&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;52&quot;],[&quot;Ages 18-49&quot;,&quot;29&quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;59&quot;],[&quot;50+&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;61&quot;],[&quot;College grad+&quot;,&quot;20&quot;,&quot;30&quot;,&quot;50&quot;],[&quot;No college degree&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;66&quot;],[&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;Upper income&quot;,&quot;22&quot;,&quot;27&quot;,&quot;50&quot;],[&quot;Middle income&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;35&quot;,&quot;67&quot;],[&quot;Lower income&quot;,&quot;26&quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;57&quot;],[&quot;Rep\\\/Lean Rep&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;67&quot;],[&quot;Dem\\\/Lean Dem&quot;,&quot;25&quot;,&quot;30&quot;,&quot;55&quot;]]},&quot;isFreeformChart&quot;:false}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-wp-init--reset-tab-on-navigation=\"callbacks.resetTabOnNavigation\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/many_americans_say_working_class_describes_them_well_but_some_are_more_likely_than_others_to_adopt_the_term-369845-1788202562.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-allow-data-download=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/many-americans-say-working-class-describes-them-well-but-some-are-more-likely-than-others-to-adopt-the-term\/\" data-chart-title=\"Many Americans say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them well, but some are more likely than others to adopt the term\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-2\" data-wp-key=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:310px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:310px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Many Americans say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them well, but some are more likely than others to adopt the term<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">% of U.S. adults who say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them \u2026<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/many_americans_say_working_class_describes_them_well_but_some_are_more_likely_than_others_to_adopt_the_term-369845-1788202562.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:310px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">* Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.<br>Note: White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2024 earnings.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:310px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-table\" style=\"max-width:310px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 310px;\">\n\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Many Americans say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them well, but some are more likely than others to adopt the term<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">% of U.S. adults who say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them \u2026<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 310px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><colgroup><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><\/colgroup><thead><tr><th>Group<\/th><th>Extremely well<\/th><th>Very well<\/th><th>NET Extremely\/very well<\/th><th class=\"is-column-hidden\">grouping<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Total<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">28<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">32<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">60<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">total<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">White<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">29<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">32<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">62<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Hispanic<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">28<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">32<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">59<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Black<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">28<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">26<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">54<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Asian*<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">19<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">52<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Ages 18-49<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">29<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">31<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">59<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">age<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">50+<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">28<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">61<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">age<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">College grad+<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">20<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">30<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">50<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">edu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">No college degree<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">66<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">edu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\"><\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\"><\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\"><\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\"><\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Upper income<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">22<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">27<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">50<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Middle income<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">35<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">67<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lower income<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">26<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">31<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">57<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Rep\/Lean Rep<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">33<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">67<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">party<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Dem\/Lean Dem<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">25<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">30<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">55<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"4\">party<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">* Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.<br>Note: White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2024 earnings.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 310px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:310px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"0577e79e-40db-4ea1-b71d-db3b507d3f99\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Working-class identification does vary by education and income: It is highest among Americans without a four-year degree and those who are middle income. But an analysis of data from a Pew Research Center survey conducted earlier this year finds that seeing oneself as working class also has a heavy political tinge and differs by race and ethnicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Republicans are more likely than Democrats to identify as working class \u2013 even after taking economics, occupation, education and other factors into account.<\/strong> Overall, 67% of Republicans and Republican leaners say \u201cworking class\u201d describes them well, as do 55% of Democrats. And wide partisan gaps are evident across many demographic and economic groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Working-class identification differs by race and ethnicity.<\/strong> In particular, White adults are more likely than Black adults to identify as working class. About six-in-ten White (62%) and Hispanic adults (59%) overall view themselves as working class, as do roughly half of Black (54%) and Asian adults (52%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;who-identifies-as-working-class-many-factors-matter&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"who-identifies-as-working-class-many-factors-matter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who identifies as working class? Many factors matter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans without a college degree and those who are middle income are most likely to identify as working class. But large shares of higher-income and more-educated adults <em>also say<\/em> they are part of the working class:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>66% of adults without bachelor\u2019s degrees say \u201cworking class\u201d describes them extremely or very well \u2013 but half of those with degrees (50%) say this, too.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>67% of middle-income Americans say \u201cworking class\u201d describes them well \u2013 but so do plenty of lower- (57%) and upper-income adults (50%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2130f694 wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 id=\"the-many-meanings-of-working-class\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-small-font-size\">The many meanings of \u2018working class\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">While the working class is central to many social and political discussions in America today, those discussions often use the term in different ways \u2013 sometimes referring to very different groups of people. Is the working class made up of adults who:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\">Don\u2019t have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/06\/13\/us\/politics\/trump-white-working-class-voters-economy.html?unlocked_article_code=1.6lA.Lbyw.QncYCPL_E7mH&amp;smid=url-share\">bachelor\u2019s degree<\/a>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\">Earn less than a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.finance.senate.gov\/chairmans-news\/one-big-beautiful-bill-new-tax-relief-overwhelmingly-benefits-working-class\">certain amount of income<\/a>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\">Work in <a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2025\/01\/13\/america-working-class-service-jobs\/\">\u201cblue-collar,\u201d service or manual labor occupations<\/a>, such as manufacturing, construction or the skilled trades?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\">Earn their living <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reels\/DYXu9gEx5RT\/\">primarily through work in any way<\/a> \u2013 <em>regardless of their income, occupation or education<\/em>?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The term&#8217;s ambiguity has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slowboring.com\/p\/the-futile-quest-to-define-class\">gotten attention<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/08\/11\/nx-s1-5927233\/who-really-counts-as-working-class\">its own right<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/opinion\/whos-working-class-anymore-47e87ac0?st=JsNDpt&amp;reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink\">recent months<\/a>. At the same time, some political figures \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/07\/18\/magazine\/zohran-mamdani-interview.html?unlocked_article_code=1.7FA.2K5P.7cvKnjwAcDvK&amp;smid=url-share\">particularly on the left<\/a> \u2013 have been pressed to explain who they are including when they invoke the term.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Looking at Americans\u2019 self-reported financial stressors, rather than income, those with lower financial stress are less likely than others to describe themselves as working class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even so, 50% of Americans who consistently pay their bills in full, have several months of emergency savings and report being able to meet their expenses comfortably say they consider themselves to be working class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>And<\/strong> <strong>while those working in blue-collar occupations are particularly likely to identify as working class (77%), so do a majority of those working in other occupations (61%).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-4031d49d wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>How we defined \u2018blue-collar\u2019<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the purposes of this analysis, we defined \u201cblue-collar workers\u201d as those who do manual or physical labor in their jobs&nbsp;<em>and<\/em>&nbsp;work in one of five specific industrial sectors: manufacturing, mining and construction; agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting; retail and trade; hospitality and service; and transportation. The data on occupation and physical labor was collected in an October 2024 Pew Research Center American Trends Panel survey and linked to the January 2026 survey analyzed here. For more details on the blue-collar analysis and the 2024 survey, read our <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/03\/31\/blue-collar-workers-are-less-satisfied-at-work-less-attached-to-their-jobs-than-other-us-workers\/\">2025 analysis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Working-class identification has ticked up from a few years ago:<\/strong> In 2024, 54% of Americans said the term described them well, and 60% do so today. The shift is seen across many demographic, socioeconomic and political groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;partisanship-is-associated-with-working-class-identification&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"partisanship-is-associated-with-working-class-identification\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partisanship is associated with working-class identification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majorities of Republicans across every educational, economic and occupational groups see themselves as working class. Democrats are generally less likely to do so \u2013 especially among higher-income and financially comfortable adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"education-and-party\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Education and party<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While college graduates are less likely to identify as working class than those without a degree, the partisan gap is nearly identical among both those with and without a bachelor\u2019s degree:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>72% of Republicans without a bachelor\u2019s degree describe themselves as working class, compared with 61% of Democrats without a degree \u2013 an 11 percentage point gap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a 12-point gap among those with a four-year degree: 56% of Republican college grads say they\u2019re working class vs. 44% of Democratic college grads.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:374132,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/politics\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/31\\\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/republicans-are-more-likely-than-democrats-to-identify-as-working-class-regardless-of-education-occupation-or-financial-situation\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-08-31&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:378295,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/republicans_are_more_likely_than_democrats_to_identify_as_working_class_regardless_of_education_occupation_or_financial_situation-369905-1788202544.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Republicans are more likely than Democrats to identify as \\u2018working class&#039; regardless of education, occupation or financial situation&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% of U.S. adults who say \\u2018working class\\u2019 describes them extremely\\\/very well&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2024 earnings. Read \\u201cAbout this research\\u201d for details on \\u201cfinancial stress\\u201d and \\u201ctype of work.\\u201d&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Group&quot;,&quot;Rep\\\/Lean Rep&quot;,&quot;Dem\\\/Lean Dem&quot;,&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;grouping&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;60&quot;,&quot;total&quot;],[&quot;College grad+&quot;,&quot;56&quot;,&quot;44&quot;,&quot;50&quot;,&quot;edu&quot;],[&quot;No college degree&quot;,&quot;72&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;66&quot;,&quot;edu&quot;],[&quot;Upper income&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;38&quot;,&quot;50&quot;,&quot;income&quot;],[&quot;Middle income&quot;,&quot;72&quot;,&quot;63&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;income&quot;],[&quot;Lower income&quot;,&quot;62&quot;,&quot;52&quot;,&quot;57&quot;,&quot;income&quot;],[&quot;Low&quot;,&quot;60&quot;,&quot;39&quot;,&quot;50&quot;,&quot;financial stress&quot;],[&quot;Medium&quot;,&quot;71&quot;,&quot;60&quot;,&quot;65&quot;,&quot;financial stress&quot;],[&quot;High&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;financial stress&quot;],[&quot;Blue-collar workers&quot;,&quot;82&quot;,&quot;72&quot;,&quot;77&quot;,&quot;type of work&quot;],[&quot;All other workers&quot;,&quot;68&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;type of work&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]},&quot;isFreeformChart&quot;:false}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-wp-init--reset-tab-on-navigation=\"callbacks.resetTabOnNavigation\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/republicans_are_more_likely_than_democrats_to_identify_as_working_class_regardless_of_education_occupation_or_financial_situation-369905-1788202544.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-allow-data-download=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/republicans-are-more-likely-than-democrats-to-identify-as-working-class-regardless-of-education-occupation-or-financial-situation\/\" data-chart-title=\"Republicans are more likely than Democrats to identify as \u2018working class&#039; regardless of education, occupation or financial situation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-4\" data-wp-key=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Republicans are more likely than Democrats to identify as \u2018working class&#8217; regardless of education, occupation or financial situation<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">% of U.S. adults who say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them extremely\/very well<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/republicans_are_more_likely_than_democrats_to_identify_as_working_class_regardless_of_education_occupation_or_financial_situation-369905-1788202544.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">Note: Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2024 earnings. Read \u201cAbout this research\u201d for details on \u201cfinancial stress\u201d and \u201ctype of work.\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Republicans are more likely than Democrats to identify as \u2018working class&#8217; regardless of education, occupation or financial situation<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">% of U.S. adults who say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them extremely\/very well<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><colgroup><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><\/colgroup><thead><tr><th>Group<\/th><th>Rep\/Lean Rep<\/th><th>Dem\/Lean Dem<\/th><th>Total<\/th><th>grouping<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Total<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">67<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">55<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">60<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">total<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">College grad+<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">56<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">44<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">50<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">edu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">No college degree<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">72<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">61<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">66<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">edu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Upper income<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">61<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">38<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">50<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Middle income<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">72<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">63<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">67<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lower income<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">62<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">52<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">57<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Low<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">60<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">39<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">50<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">financial stress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Medium<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">71<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">60<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">65<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">financial stress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">High<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">67<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">58<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">61<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">financial stress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Blue-collar workers<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">82<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">72<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">77<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">type of work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">All other workers<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">68<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">55<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">61<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">type of work<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">Note: Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2024 earnings. Read \u201cAbout this research\u201d for details on \u201cfinancial stress\u201d and \u201ctype of work.\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"3b08e36f-e0a5-4ec5-92c0-f40cd8082307\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h5 id=\"income-and-party\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Income and party<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among both low- and middle-income adults, Republicans are about 10 points more likely than Democrats to identify as working class. For instance, 72% of middle-income Republicans identify as working class, compared with 63% of Democrats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The partisan gap is much wider \u2013 23 points \u2013 among upper-income adults, reflecting that upper-income Democrats are much less likely than middle- or lower-income Democrats to see themselves as working class, while <strong>upper-income Republicans are <em>about<\/em> <em>as likely as<\/em> lower-income Republicans to say \u201cworking class\u201d describes them well<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"financial-stress-and-party\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Financial stress and party<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As with income, the partisan gap is widest among those who are the most financially comfortable: 60% of Republicans with few financial stresses say \u201cworking class\u201d describes them well, compared with 39% of Democrats who are similarly financially comfortable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, there is a relatively modest partisan gap among those under substantial financial stress: 67% of Republicans and 58% of Democrats who have substantial financial strain see themselves as working class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"type-of-work-and-party\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Type of work and party<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The partisan gap in self-identification as working class is also evident among both blue-collar workers and workers in other fields. Drawing upon occupational data collected in a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/03\/31\/blue-collar-workers-are-less-satisfied-at-work-less-attached-to-their-jobs-than-other-us-workers\/\">2024 Pew Research Center survey<\/a>, we find:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>82% of Republicans with blue-collar jobs identify as working class, compared with 72% of Democrats in these types of jobs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Among all other workers, 68% of Republicans and 55% of Democrats identify with the term.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;how-identification-as-working-class-differs-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"how-identification-as-working-class-differs-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How identification as working class differs across racial and ethnic groups<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller--freeform wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:374132,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/politics\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/31\\\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/working-class-identification-varies-by-education-and-partisanship-particularly-among-white-adults\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-08-31&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:378293,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/working-class_identification_varies_by_education_and_partisanship_particularly_among_white_adults-369943-1788202526.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Working-class identification varies by education and partisanship \\u2013 particularly among White adults&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% who say \\u2018working class\\u2019 describes them extremely\\\/very well \\u2026&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;* Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.&lt;br&gt;Note: White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Relatively small sample sizes for Black Republicans (N=114, margin of error +\\\/- 12.2 percentage points at the 95% confidence level), Asian Republicans (N=181, margin of error +\\\/- 10.2 percentage points) and Asian adults with no college degree (N=142, margin of error +\\\/- 11.1 percentage points).&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Group&quot;,&quot;College grad+&quot;,&quot;No college degree&quot;,&quot;Dem\\\/Lean Dem&quot;,&quot;Rep\\\/Lean Rep&quot;,&quot;Total&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;50&quot;,&quot;66&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;60&quot;],[&quot;White&quot;,&quot;48&quot;,&quot;71&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;69&quot;,&quot;62&quot;],[&quot;Hispanic&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;59&quot;],[&quot;Black&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;54&quot;],[&quot;Asian*&quot;,&quot;45&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;49&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;52&quot;]]},&quot;isFreeformChart&quot;:true}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-wp-init--reset-tab-on-navigation=\"callbacks.resetTabOnNavigation\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/working-class_identification_varies_by_education_and_partisanship_particularly_among_white_adults-369943-1788202526.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-allow-data-download=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/working-class-identification-varies-by-education-and-partisanship-particularly-among-white-adults\/\" data-chart-title=\"Working-class identification varies by education and partisanship \u2013 particularly among White adults\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Working-class identification varies by education and partisanship \u2013 particularly among White adults<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">% who say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them extremely\/very well \u2026<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-chart-builder-freeform-chart has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"36130c26-b87d-48da-863f-27e7f56a4a05-2\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;36130c26-b87d-48da-863f-27e7f56a4a05-2&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:374132,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/politics\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/31\\\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/politics\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/31\\\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-08-31&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:376298,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Dot Plot Chart&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;A subtitle for the chart&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Add note about the chart&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Add source note here&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Group&quot;,&quot;College degree&quot;,&quot;No college degree&quot;,&quot;Dem\\\/Lean Dem&quot;,&quot;Rep\\\/Lean Rep&quot;,&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;grouping&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;50&quot;,&quot;66&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;60&quot;,&quot;total&quot;],[&quot;White&quot;,&quot;48&quot;,&quot;71&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;69&quot;,&quot;62&quot;,&quot;race&quot;],[&quot;Hispanic&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;race&quot;],[&quot;Black&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;race&quot;],[&quot;Asian*&quot;,&quot;45&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;49&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;52&quot;,&quot;race&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]},&quot;isFreeformChart&quot;:false}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-wp-init--reset-tab-on-navigation=\"callbacks.resetTabOnNavigation\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-allow-data-download=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-title=\"Dot Plot Chart\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-11\" data-wp-key=\"36130c26-b87d-48da-863f-27e7f56a4a05-2-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"36130c26-b87d-48da-863f-27e7f56a4a05-2-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;36130c26-b87d-48da-863f-27e7f56a4a05-2-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\"><div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"><div id=\"36130c26-b87d-48da-863f-27e7f56a4a05-2-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"c6bb6441-4ab2-4b45-9598-3da3c12b1f42-2\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" 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Add source note here&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Group&quot;,&quot;College degree&quot;,&quot;No college degree&quot;,&quot;Dem\\\/Lean Dem&quot;,&quot;Rep\\\/Lean Rep&quot;,&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;grouping&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Total&quot;,&quot;50&quot;,&quot;66&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;60&quot;,&quot;total&quot;],[&quot;White&quot;,&quot;48&quot;,&quot;71&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;69&quot;,&quot;62&quot;,&quot;race&quot;],[&quot;Hispanic&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;race&quot;],[&quot;Black&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;54&quot;,&quot;race&quot;],[&quot;Asian*&quot;,&quot;45&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;49&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;52&quot;,&quot;race&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]},&quot;isFreeformChart&quot;:false}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-wp-init--reset-tab-on-navigation=\"callbacks.resetTabOnNavigation\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-allow-data-download=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/08\/31\/who-sees-themselves-as-working-class\/\" data-chart-title=\"Dot Plot Chart\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-13\" data-wp-key=\"c6bb6441-4ab2-4b45-9598-3da3c12b1f42-2-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"c6bb6441-4ab2-4b45-9598-3da3c12b1f42-2-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;c6bb6441-4ab2-4b45-9598-3da3c12b1f42-2-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\"><div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"><div id=\"c6bb6441-4ab2-4b45-9598-3da3c12b1f42-2-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_featured.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">* Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.<br>Note: White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Relatively small sample sizes for Black Republicans (N=114, margin of error +\/- 12.2 percentage points at the 95% confidence level), Asian Republicans (N=181, margin of error +\/- 10.2 percentage points) and Asian adults with no college degree (N=142, margin of error +\/- 11.1 percentage points).<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Working-class identification varies by education and partisanship \u2013 particularly among White adults<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">% who say \u2018working class\u2019 describes them extremely\/very well \u2026<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><colgroup><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><col\/><\/colgroup><thead><tr><th>Group<\/th><th>College grad+<\/th><th>No college degree<\/th><th>Dem\/Lean Dem<\/th><th>Rep\/Lean Rep<\/th><th>Total<\/th><th class=\"is-column-hidden\">grouping<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Total<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">50<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">66<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">55<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">67<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"5\">60<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"6\">total<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">White<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">48<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">71<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">54<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">69<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"5\">62<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"6\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Hispanic<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">61<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">59<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">58<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">64<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"5\">59<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"6\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Black<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">58<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">53<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">54<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">53<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"5\">54<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"6\">race<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Asian*<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">45<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"2\">59<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"3\">49<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"4\">55<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"5\">52<\/td><td class=\"is-column-hidden\" data-prc-v-col=\"6\">race<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">* Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.<br>Note: White, Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Relatively small sample sizes for Black Republicans (N=114, margin of error +\/- 12.2 percentage points at the 95% confidence level), Asian Republicans (N=181, margin of error +\/- 10.2 percentage points) and Asian adults with no college degree (N=142, margin of error +\/- 11.1 percentage points).<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Survey of U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"5cad4864-40b5-400d-a81f-66ec57671be0\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, 62% of White adults, 59% of Hispanic adults, 54% of Black adults and 52% of Asian adults identify as working class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are wide differences within educational and partisan groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"education\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Education<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About seven-in-ten White adults without a college degree (71%) identify as working class, compared with smaller shares of Hispanic (59%), Asian (59%) and Black adults without bachelor\u2019s degrees (53%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, about six-in-ten Hispanic (61%) and Black adults <em>with<\/em> college degrees (58%) describe themselves as working class. Smaller shares of White (48%) and Asian college graduates (45%) also say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, while there are wide differences between the share of college grads and non-college grads who say they are working class among White and Asian Americans, there is not a substantial educational gap in this identification among Hispanic and Black Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 id=\"partisanship\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partisanship<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The partisan gap in identification as working class is also particularly pronounced among White adults: 69% of White Republicans and 54% of White Democrats say this description applies to them. That is a larger partisan gap than among Black adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-4031d49d wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>About this research<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This Pew Research Center data essay examines which Americans do and do not refer to themselves as working class. It focuses on demographic and attitudinal factors, like partisan identification, educational attainment, income, and race and ethnicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why did we do this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducts research to help the public, media and decision-makers understand important topics, like the social and political discussions over definitions of the American working class. We have studied Americans\u2019 views of politics and major policy issues for decades, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/economy-work\/\">economy and work<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/about\/\">Learn more<\/a> about Pew Research Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How did we do this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data for the question on working-class identification comes from a Center survey of 8,512 U.S. adults conducted Jan. 20-26, 2026. Everyone who took this survey is part of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel. The survey reflects the views of all U.S. adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the January <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/06\/PP_2026.5.10_political-typology_questionnaire.pdf\">survey questions<\/a> we used for this analysis, the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/06\/PP_2026.5.10_political-typology_topline.pdf\">detailed responses<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/08\/PP_2026.8.31_working-class_methodology.pdf\">survey methodology<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additional analysis in this piece links the respondents from the January survey to two other surveys \u2013 one conducted in conducted Nov. 17-30, 2025 (the questions making up the financial stress scale) and one conducted Oct. 7-13, 2024, (the questions on occupation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the November 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/06\/PP_2026.5.10_political-typology_questionnaire.pdf\">survey questions<\/a>, along with <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/06\/PP_2026.5.10_political-typology_topline.pdf\">responses<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2026\/06\/10\/typology-2026-appendix-a-survey-methodology\/\">survey methodology.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the October 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PST_2024.12.10_americans-jobs_questionnaire.pdf\">survey questions<\/a>, along with <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PST_2024.12.10_americans-jobs_topline.pdf\">responses<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2024\/12\/10\/americans-jobs-methodology\/\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>More about the data<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis explores how various demographic and economic factors are related to working-class identification. The survey that asked about working-class identification was conducted in January 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some variables in the analysis are a combination of multiple questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Financial stress scale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The financial stress scale combines the results from three questions asked in the November 2025 survey. (Read \u201cAbout this research\u201d for more details on the surveys). Each question was standardized and converted to z-scores before combining to ensure equal weighting across items regardless of their original response scales. The three standardized items were summed to create the final scale. In instances where a respondent did not respond to a particular question, their result was imputed as the midpoint of each item\u2019s range before standardization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The full question wording for each item is below:<br><br>1. Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full in a typical month?<br><br>1=I can typically pay all of my bills in full<br>2=I cannot pay some bills or can only make a partial payment on some of them<br>99=Don\u2019t know\/Refused<br>(recoded 0=I can typically pay all of my bills in full, 1=I cannot pay some bills or can only make a partial payment on some of them, 0.5=Don\u2019t know\/Refused)<br><br>2. Do you have emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1=Yes<br>2=No<br>99=Don\u2019t know\/Refused<br>(recoded 0=yes, 1=no, 0.5=Don\u2019t know\/Refused)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. How would you describe your household\u2019s financial situation? Do you\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1=Live comfortably<br>2=Meet your basic expenses with a little left over for extras<br>3=Just meet your basic expenses<br>4=Not even have enough to meet basic expenses<br>99=Don\u2019t know\/Refused<br>(recoded so scores 1-4 were retained; 4=more hardship, 1=less hardship, 2.5=Don\u2019t know\/Refused)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After creating a standardized scale, cut points were chosen to fall in natural valleys between the six major discrete value clusters in the distribution. Categories were further reduced to account for the distribution of the scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lower stress scores indicate a person can pay all bills in full, has emergency savings and lives comfortably. Higher stress scores indicate a person cannot pay all their bills in full, has no emergency savings and does not have enough to meet basic expenses. Medium stress scores indicate a person may not have emergency savings but can pay bills in full \u2013 among other response combinations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Blue-collar workers<\/strong><br><br>Data about blue-collar workers was collected in an October 2024 Pew Research Center American Trends Panel survey and linked to the January 2026 survey analyzed here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The analyses in this data essay are based on blue-collar workers who completed both the October 2024 and January 2026 surveys, and are weighted following the weighting procedure described <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2024\/12\/10\/americans-jobs-methodology\/\">here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more details on the blue-collar analysis and the 2024 survey, read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/03\/31\/blue-collar-workers-are-less-satisfied-at-work-less-attached-to-their-jobs-than-other-us-workers\/\">2025 report<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Multivariate analysis of working-class identification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to looking at the overall percentages within demographic and political groups who identify as working class, we conducted a multivariate analysis \u2013 a logistic regression \u2013 to see how a number of variables are related to working class identification once they are all taken into account together. A logistic regression is a statistical method often used when working with binary dependent variables. In this case, those who said working class described them extremely or very well were coded as 1, while all other responses were coded as 0. We also ran the models as an ordinary least squares regression, with the full five-point scale of the question. Results were consistent across model specifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We looked at how income, partisan identification, self-identified ideology, gender, financial stress, race and ethnicity, education and age are related to working-class identification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, we ran a separate model for income, partisan identification, ideology, gender, race and ethnicity, education, age and occupation-type.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most Americans think of themselves as working class, and Republicans are more likely to do so than 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