{"id":305587,"date":"2026-05-28T10:59:28","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T14:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=305587"},"modified":"2026-06-02T15:16:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T19:16:04","slug":"right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/","title":{"rendered":"Right-Wing Populism in the Decade Since Brexit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-39372523 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\"><div style=\"--max-width__desktop: 100%; --max-width__tablet: ; --max-width__mobile: ;\" class=\"wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-controller has-global-padding is-layout-constrained 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\\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#B04331\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n         \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 900,\\n         \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1400,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 44 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 37 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 43 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 41 }\\n          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;National Rally\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#969D54\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          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\\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 35 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 32 }\\n          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;UK Independence Party (UKIP)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#2A4879\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: true,\\n          \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 0,\\n          \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 950,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 32 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2017-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 26 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2018-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 18 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2019-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 24 }\\n          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;Reform UK (Brexit Party)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#2A4879\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n          \\&quot;delay\\&quot;:  1000,\\n          \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1200,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2020-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 24 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2021-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 25 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 23 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 26 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 37 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 32 }\\n          ]\\n        }\\n      ],\\n      \\&quot;xDomain\\&quot;: [\\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2026-4-01\\&quot;],  \\n      \\&quot;yDomain\\&quot;: [0, 50],                       \\n      \\&quot;yTicks\\&quot;: [0],            \\n      \\&quot;xTicks\\&quot;: [\\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2018-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2020-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;],    \\n      \\&quot;labels\\&quot;: [                                \\n      ]\\n    },\\n    \\&quot;meta\\&quot;: {\\n      \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1200,\\n\\&quot;highlight\\&quot;: [\\&quot;Alternative for Germany (AfD)\\&quot;, \\&quot;National Rally\\&quot;],\\n      \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 0,\\n      \\&quot;animate\\&quot;: true,\\n      \\&quot;title\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;subtitle\\&quot;: 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Previously, we measured favorability toward the UK Independence Party.\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;yAxisLabel\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;xAxisLabel\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;\\n    }\\n  }&quot;},{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot; {\\n    \\&quot;data\\&quot;: {\\n      \\&quot;series\\&quot;: [\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;Alternative for Germany (AfD)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#618BCE\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n          \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 2200,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 13 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2017-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 12 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2018-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 17 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2019-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 15 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2020-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 14 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2021-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 14 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 15 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 17 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 19 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 21 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 21 }\\n          ]\\n        }, \\n{\\n\\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;Brothers of Italy (Fdl)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#B04331\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n         \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 900,\\n         \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1400,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 44 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 37 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 43 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 41 }\\n          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;National Rally\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#969D54\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          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\\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 35 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 32 }\\n          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;UK Independence Party (UKIP)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#2A4879\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: true,\\n          \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 0,\\n          \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 950,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 32 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2017-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 26 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2018-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 18 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2019-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 24 }          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;Reform UK (Brexit Party)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#2A4879\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n          \\&quot;delay\\&quot;:  1000,\\n          \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1200,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2020-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 24 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2021-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 25 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 23 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 26 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 37 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 32 }\\n          ]\\n        }\\n      ],\\n      \\&quot;xDomain\\&quot;: [\\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2026-4-01\\&quot;],  \\n      \\&quot;yDomain\\&quot;: [0, 50],                       \\n      \\&quot;yTicks\\&quot;: [0],            \\n      \\&quot;xTicks\\&quot;: [\\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2018-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2020-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;],    \\n      \\&quot;labels\\&quot;: [                                \\n      ]\\n    },\\n    \\&quot;meta\\&quot;: {\\n      \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1200,\\n\\&quot;highlight\\&quot;: [\\&quot;Brothers of Italy (Fdl)\\&quot;],\\n      \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 0,\\n      \\&quot;animate\\&quot;: true,\\n      \\&quot;title\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;subtitle\\&quot;: \\&quot;% in each country who have a &lt;tspan&gt;favorable&lt;\\\/tspan&gt; view of ...\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;note\\&quot;: \\&quot;Note: Since 2020, we have measured favorability toward Reform UK. Previously, we measured favorability toward the UK Independence Party.\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;yAxisLabel\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;xAxisLabel\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;\\n    }\\n  }&quot;},{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot; {\\n    \\&quot;data\\&quot;: {\\n      \\&quot;series\\&quot;: [\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;Alternative for Germany (AfD)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#618BCE\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n          \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 2200,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2016-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 13 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2017-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 12 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2018-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 17 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2019-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 15 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2020-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 14 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2021-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 14 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 15 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 17 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 19 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 21 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 21 }\\n          ]\\n        }, \\n{\\n\\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;Brothers of Italy (Fdl)\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#B04331\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dotRadius\\&quot;: 7,\\n          \\&quot;dashed\\&quot;: false,\\n         \\&quot;delay\\&quot;: 900,\\n         \\&quot;duration\\&quot;: 1400,\\n          \\&quot;values\\&quot;: [\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2022-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 31 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2023-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 44 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2024-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 37 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2025-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 43 },\\n            { \\&quot;date\\&quot;: \\&quot;2026-04-01\\&quot;, \\&quot;value\\&quot;: 41 }\\n          ]\\n        },\\n        {\\n          \\&quot;name\\&quot;: \\&quot;National Rally\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;color\\&quot;: \\&quot;#969D54\\&quot;,\\n          \\&quot;strokeWidth\\&quot;: 7,\\n          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\\&quot;showKey\\&quot;: true,\\n      \\&quot;note\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;yAxisLabel\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;,\\n      \\&quot;xAxisLabel\\&quot;: \\&quot;\\&quot;\\n    }\\n  }&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--left=\"context.positionLeft\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--top=\"context.positionTop\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.onSceneUpdate\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-scrolly\/controller\"><div style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0rem;width:100vw;height:100vh\" class=\"chart-mobile wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-dynamic-lines has-sans-serif-font-family\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-scrolly\/controller\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onLinesInit\" data-wp-context=\"[]\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.onLinesUpdate\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;250px&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;3ae466bf-8582-49fc-ae3b-7b9b2924a4b4&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:false,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:true,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;animate&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;fadeOut&quot;},{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;animate&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--bottom=\"context.positionBottom\" data-wp-style--left=\"context.positionLeft\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--right=\"context.positionRight\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.onSceneUpdate\" class=\"has-ui-gray-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color has-sans-serif-font-family wp-elements-30f001d883a517d3fcc9a1bad83c9b06 block-visibility-hide-large-screen wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:11px;bottom:250px;left:20px;position:absolute;right:20px;z-index:1;\">Note: Since 2020, we have measured favorability toward Reform UK. Previously, we measured favorability toward the UK Independence Party.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:200px;--max-width__desktop:640px;--max-width__tablet:;--max-width__mobile:;gap:60vh;\" class=\"pull-up--150vh wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-scenes is-vertical is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-platform-scrolly-scenes-is-layout-d4732e81 wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-scenes-is-layout-flex has-max-width-constraint\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-scrolly\/controller\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onScenesInit\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.onScenesUpdate\" data-wp-style--gap=\"context.gap\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;60vh&quot;,&quot;scrollSnapMobile&quot;:false,&quot;scrollSnapDesktop&quot;:false,&quot;scrollSnapTablet&quot;:false,&quot;scrollSnapMobileAlign&quot;:&quot;end&quot;,&quot;scrollSnapDesktopAlign&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;scrollSnapTabletAlign&quot;:&quot;end&quot;}\">\n\n<div data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:99,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;c62dc9c9-23d7-4d4c-90ec-7ef31e353ff9&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"wp-block-group is-style-dynamic-wide has-custom-css has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-930680ff wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-custom-css-73993076 is-scene-1 has-max-width-constraint\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);--max-width__desktop:640px;--max-width__tablet:;--max-width__mobile:;position:initial;z-index:99;\">\n<h1 style=\"position:initial;z-index:1;\" id=\"right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\" data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;a095f619-6ec6-4caa-9977-1a7e84f15f4f&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:false,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Right-Wing Populism in the Decade Since Brexit<\/h1>\n\n\n<div data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;32db8820-e126-4bef-aebe-e4bfd3f24880&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:false,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff00;position:initial;z-index:1;\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display has-background is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-cbcdc57d wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-flex\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__bylines\"><span class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__prefix\">By<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/richard-wike\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Richard Wike\">Richard Wike<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/jonathan-schulman\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Jonathan Schulman\">Jonathan Schulman<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/jordan-lippert\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Jordan Lippert\">Jordan Lippert<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/sofia-hernandez-ramones\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Sofia Hernandez Ramones\">Sofia Hernandez Ramones<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/andrew-prozorovsky\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Andrew Prozorovsky\">Andrew Prozorovsky<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/chris-baronavski\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Chris Baronavski\">Chris Baronavski<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/john-carlo-mandapat\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for John Carlo Mandapat\">John Carlo Mandapat<\/a> <span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__and-separator\">and<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/janakee-chavda\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Janakee Chavda\">Janakee Chavda<\/a><\/div>\n\n<div data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;c071e5d2-7718-403a-8e9d-00f99cf5458d&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:false,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;position:initial;z-index:1;\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-label-font-size has-text-align-center\"><time datetime=\"2026-05-28T10:59:28-04:00\">May 28, 2026<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:99,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;f12a6527-c177-4760-9b19-b5422937c8d2&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:2,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-255c5b02d707d80815d31769f994e886 is-scene-2 has-max-width-constraint wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);--max-width__desktop:100%;--max-width__tablet:;--max-width__mobile:;position:initial;z-index:99;\">The results of the June 23, 2016, Brexit vote were a shock to many in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:99,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;f12a6527-c177-4760-9b19-b5422937c8d2&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:2,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-f77ba81cd765917db617f22aba4da27c is-scene-2 has-max-width-constraint wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);--max-width__desktop:100%;--max-width__tablet:;--max-width__mobile:;position:initial;z-index:99;\">By a 52%-48% margin, British voters chose to leave the European Union. With its \u201cTake back control\u201d slogan, the \u201cVote Leave\u201d campaign tapped into anti-elite sentiments, concerns about immigration and a variety of other discontents,  stoking a populist backlash against the political classes in London and Brussels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:99,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;dc33bae4-40fe-402c-90c0-45b61223fca8&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:11,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ba8756dd686366c4ee25c0dd851bb6e1 is-scene-11 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:99;\">In the decade since, right-wing populism has gained influence and support in many European nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:99,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:3,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a24640f3717709c8746b5765079a708a is-scene-3 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:99;\">In France, the National Rally party led by right-wing populist Marine Le Pen held only two of the National Assembly\u2019s 577 seats in 2016. Today, it holds 123 \u2013 more than any other party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:4,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1231d16d2f7111132067dd4a0fcad5fa is-scene-4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:1;\">In 2016, the Alternative for Germany party (AfD) held zero seats in parliament, and no far-right party had been represented in the Bundestag since World War II. Today, AfD is its second-largest party, holding 150 of the 630 seats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:5,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-87dbd44a79dde7cd937fd58403d393e5 is-scene-5 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:1;\">Giorgia Meloni became prime minister of Italy after her Brothers of Italy party won parliamentary elections in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:6,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ba1c77210e9dd611d7b304bc64ee0f46 is-scene-6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:1;\">Our survey data highlights the degree to which right-wing populist parties in these four countries have become more popular over the past 10 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:7,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-3db03a8dd9f4110a9d45dd0c444f5a29 is-scene-7 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:1;\">National Rally and AfD get significantly higher ratings today than they did in spring 2016, just before the Brexit vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:8,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e0b8703bbbdf07ef918c0ac23bf7e18a is-scene-8 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:1;\">Brothers of Italy has increased in favorability by 10 percentage points since we first asked about it in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isSceneTriggerActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;24ab7ea0-b672-4104-868a-873c9cb44411&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:true,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:9,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top bottom&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\" class=\"has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-50cbe5f68f710a3b292406ef22453de9 is-scene-9 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#fffffff0;margin-top:0px;box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--medium);position:initial;z-index:1;\">Nigel Farage&#8217;s Reform UK gets positive reviews from 32% of the British public \u2013 the same share who gave the UK Independence Party favorable marks in 2016 when he was its leader. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><style>\/* Custom CSS *\/\nhtml {\n\/*scroll-behavior: smooth;*\/\n}\n.wp-block-cover {\nheight:100vh!important;\n}\n\n.prc-scrolly-dynamic-map .country {\nstroke-width: 0.1 !important;\n}\n\n.chart-subtitle tspan{\nfont-weight:bold;\n}\n\n.pull-up--150vh{\nmargin-top: -150vh !important;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile styles *\/\n@media (max-width: 1023px) {\n.pull-up--150vh{\nmargin-top: -170vh !important;\n        padding-bottom: 40px !important;\n        gap: 80vh !important;\n}\n}\n\n\n.wp-block-cover, .wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-scenes {\npointer-events:none;\n}\n\n.chart-desktop .chart-subtitle {\ntransform:translate(-10px, -20px);\n}\n\nsvg.prc-scrolly-dynamic-lines  g g.y.axis  g text {\nfill:transparent !important;\npointer-events:none;\n}\n\/* National Rally*\/\n.series-end-labels  .series-end-label[data-name=\"National Rally\"]{\ntransform: translate(40px, 30px) !important;\n}\n.brush-value-label[data-name=\"National Rally\"][data-date=\"2021\"]{\ntransform:translate(0px, -30px);\n}\n.brush-value-label[data-name=\"National Rally\"][data-date=\"2024\"]{\ntransform:translate(0px, -30px);\n}\n\n\n.chart-mobile .series-end-labels  .series-end-label {\ndisplay:none !important;\n}\n\n.chart-mobile .series-key {\ntransform: scale(0.7) translate( -10px, -50vh);\n}\n\n.chart-mobile .point-value-label, .chart-mobile .brush-value-label{\nfont-size: 12px !important;\n}\n\/* UKIP *\/\n.series-end-labels  .series-end-label[data-name=\"UK Independence Party (UKIP)\"]{\ntransform: translate(81px, -130px);\n    text-anchor: end;\n}\n.point-value-label[data-name=\"UK Independence Party (UKIP)\"][data-date=\"2016\"]{\ntransform:translate(-10px, 10px);\n}\n.point-value-label[data-name=\"UK Independence Party (UKIP)\"][data-date=\"2019\"]{\ntransform: translate(0px, -25px);\n}\n.brush-value-label[data-name=\"UK Independence Party (UKIP)\"][data-date=\"2018\"]{\n    transform: translate(0px, -12px);\n}\n\/* Reform UK*\/\n.series-end-labels .series-end-label[data-name=\"Reform UK (Brexit Party)\"]{\ntransform: translate(40px, -30px);\n\n}\n.point-value-label[data-name=\"Reform UK (Brexit Party)\"][data-date=\"2020\"]{\ntransform: translate(0px, -25px) !important;\n}\n.point-value-label[data-name=\"Reform UK (Brexit Party)\"][data-date=\"2026\"]{\n    transform: translate(0px, -60px);\n}\n\n\/* Alternative for Germany (AfD) *\/\n.series-end-labels .series-end-label[data-name=\"Alternative for Germany (AfD)\"]{\ntransform: translate(40px, 0px);\n}\n\/* Brothers of Italy (Fdl) *\/\n.series-end-labels .series-end-label[data-name=\"Brothers of Italy (Fdl)\"]{\ntransform: translate(40px, 0px);\n}\n.point-value-label[data-name=\"Brothers of Italy (Fdl)\"][data-date=\"2022\"]{\n    transform: translate(-20px, -25px);\n}\n\n.chart-mobile .chart-subtitle {\nfont-size:12px!important;\ntransform:translate(0px, -10px);\n}\n.chart-mobile .brush-year-label {\nfont-size:10px!important;\n}\n\n\/* Dark mode *\/\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n.wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-scenes .wp-block-group, .wp-block-prc-platform-scrolly-scenes p {\n    background: #222222FE !important;\n}\n\n.point-value-label {\nstroke: var(--wp--preset--color--ui-white) !important;\n}\n}<\/style><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-wing populist parties have had a political impact in other European nations over the past decade. These include the Netherlands and Poland, where such parties have led governments or been included in governing coalitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, it\u2019s important to note that right-wing populists have also faced setbacks. In April, for instance, Viktor Orban and his Fidesz party lost Hungary\u2019s parliamentary elections. Fidesz had previously won four straight national elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the past decade, commentators have repeatedly assessed and reassessed right-wing populist fortunes in Europe based on the most recent election results. But the bigger story is that, regardless of any specific election outcome, right-wing populists have become a regular feature of the political landscape and significantly disrupted European politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the next year and a half, elections in countries such as France, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain and Sweden will tell us more about the direction of right-wing populism in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;what-has-driven-support-for-right-wing-populism&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"what-has-driven-support-for-right-wing-populism\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Has Driven Support for Right-Wing Populism?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/pg_2026.05.28_brexit_feat-sec1.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">People demonstrate against illegal immigration at an event organized by Patriots for Europe, a right-wing European Parliament group, in Milan on April 18, 2026.  (Andrea Carrubba\/Anadolu via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignleft is-style-200-wide has-sans-serif-font-family has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen block-visibility-hide-small-screen block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\"><ol style=\"line-height:1.2 --block-gap: var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);\" class=\"is-style-default has-text-color has--color has-background has--background-color wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents\" aria-role=\"navigation\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;unattachedPackagePart_305587&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Right-Wing Populism in the Decade Since Brexit&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;is_active&quot;:true,&quot;items&quot;:[],&quot;chapters&quot;:[],&quot;sections&quot;:[]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;_fs8x6hfeo&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305903,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Methodology&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;methodology&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/methodology-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_active&quot;:false,&quot;sections&quot;:[]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;_x3iaedf8i&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305911,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Appendix: Classifying European political parties&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;appendix-classifying-european-political-parties&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/appendix-classifying-european-political-parties-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_active&quot;:false,&quot;sections&quot;:[]}],&quot;highlightCurrentSection&quot;:true}\" data-wp-init--map-sections-to-chapters=\"callbacks.mapFoundSectionsToChapters\" data-wp-init--watch-for-section-scroll=\"callbacks.initWatchForSectionScroll\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.watchForSectionScroll\">\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--chapter=\"context.items\">\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">Right-Wing Populism in the Decade Since Brexit<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/methodology-brexit\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">Methodology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/appendix-classifying-european-political-parties-brexit\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">Appendix: Classifying European political parties<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-ui-white-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-large-screen block-visibility-hide-large-screen prc-block-visibility__desktop\" style=\"box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--shallow)\">\n<details data-wp-context=\"{&quot;closeWhenFocusLost&quot;:true}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/details\" data-wp-on-document--click=\"actions.handleOutsideClick\" class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-1f0f0af6 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>Table of Contents<\/summary><ol style=\"padding-right:0;padding-left:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0 --block-gap: inherit;\" class=\"has-text-color has--color has-background has--background-color wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents\" aria-role=\"navigation\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;unattachedPackagePart_305587&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Right-Wing Populism in the Decade Since Brexit&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;is_active&quot;:true,&quot;items&quot;:[],&quot;chapters&quot;:[],&quot;sections&quot;:[]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;_fs8x6hfeo&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305903,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Methodology&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;methodology&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/methodology-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_active&quot;:false,&quot;sections&quot;:[]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;_x3iaedf8i&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305911,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Appendix: Classifying European political parties&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;appendix-classifying-european-political-parties&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/appendix-classifying-european-political-parties-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_active&quot;:false,&quot;sections&quot;:[]}],&quot;highlightCurrentSection&quot;:false}\" data-wp-init--map-sections-to-chapters=\"callbacks.mapFoundSectionsToChapters\" data-wp-init--watch-for-section-scroll=\"callbacks.initWatchForSectionScroll\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.watchForSectionScroll\">\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--chapter=\"context.items\">\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">Right-Wing Populism in the Decade Since Brexit<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/methodology-brexit\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">Methodology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/appendix-classifying-european-political-parties-brexit\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">Appendix: Classifying European political parties<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/ol><\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many factors have shaped the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and elsewhere, including economic frustrations, cultural grievances and anger at the political class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"frustration-with-politics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frustration with politics<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are many definitions of populism, but most emphasize a belief that \u201cthe people\u201d have been led astray by a corrupt elite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our surveys over the past decade have regularly found a widespread sense of frustration with, and distrust in, political elites.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:430px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/many-europeans-say-elected-officials-dont-care-what-they-think\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-05-28&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:310322,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/many_europeans_say_elected_officials_dont_care_what_they_think-295533-1780427754.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Many Europeans say elected officials don&#039;t care what they think&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% who say elected officials __ what people like them think&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Those who did not answer are not shown.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey &quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Country&quot;,&quot;Don&#039;t care&quot;,&quot;Care&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Spain&quot;,&quot;85&quot;,&quot;15&quot;],[&quot;Greece&quot;,&quot;81&quot;,&quot;17&quot;],[&quot;Hungary&quot;,&quot;78&quot;,&quot;19&quot;],[&quot;Italy&quot;,&quot;77&quot;,&quot;22&quot;],[&quot;France&quot;,&quot;74&quot;,&quot;23&quot;],[&quot;U.K.&quot;,&quot;70&quot;,&quot;29&quot;],[&quot;Poland&quot;,&quot;69&quot;,&quot;25&quot;],[&quot;Netherlands&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;36&quot;],[&quot;Germany&quot;,&quot;63&quot;,&quot;35&quot;],[&quot;Sweden&quot;,&quot;43&quot;,&quot;56&quot;],[&quot;10-country median&quot;,&quot;72&quot;,&quot;24&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/many_europeans_say_elected_officials_dont_care_what_they_think-295533-1780427754.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/many-europeans-say-elected-officials-dont-care-what-they-think\/\" data-chart-title=\"Many Europeans say elected officials don&#039;t care what they think\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-4\" data-wp-key=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\" data-wp-router-region=\"chart-add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b-chart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:430px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:430px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Many Europeans say elected officials don&#8217;t care what they think<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say elected officials __ what people like them think<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/many_europeans_say_elected_officials_dont_care_what_they_think-295533-1780427754.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:430px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Those who did not answer are not shown.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:430px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b-table\" style=\"max-width:430px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 430px;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Many Europeans say elected officials don&#8217;t care what they think<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say elected officials __ what people like them think<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 430px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left\">Country<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Don&#8217;t care<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Care<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Spain<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">85<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greece<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">81<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">17<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Hungary<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">78<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">19<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Italy<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">77<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">France<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">74<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">23<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">U.K.<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">70<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">29<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Poland<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">69<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Netherlands<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">64<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">36<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Germany<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">63<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">43<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">56<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">10-country median<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">72<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">24<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Those who did not answer are not shown.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 430px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:430px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"add3cc16-cf76-4957-a86c-50d8d58f594b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a 2023 survey, majorities in nine of the 10 European countries we surveyed said most elected officials in their country do not care what people like them think. Roughly seven-in-ten or more held this view in Spain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, France, the U.K. and Poland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to our 2025 survey, many Europeans said few or none of the elected officials in their country are honest, understand the needs of ordinary people, focus on the most important problems, are ethical, or are well-qualified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When we asked people in 2023 in Europe and elsewhere to describe in their own words what would make democracy work better, the most common response was <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/what-can-improve-democracy\/\">changing their country\u2019s political leaders<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-wing populists have often emphasized messages about giving ordinary citizens \u2013 or at least some ordinary citizens \u2013 a stronger voice in politics and more control over political elites. For instance, during the battle over Brexit, the \u201cVote Leave\u201d campaign\u2019s \u201cTake back control\u201d slogan resonated with many voters who felt the U.K. had ceded too much power to distant European Union elites in Brussels. (For more information on European attitudes toward the EU, see &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2026\/05\/28\/in-several-european-countries-eu-gets-more-positive-ratings-today-than-during-brexit-vote\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2026\/05\/28\/in-several-european-countries-eu-gets-more-positive-ratings-today-than-during-brexit-vote\/\">In several European countries, EU gets more positive ratings today than during Brexit vote.<\/a>&#8220;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"economic-anxieties\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Economic anxieties<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A nation\u2019s economic problems can create challenges for mainstream political parties and opportunities for populist alternatives. Many scholars and writers have argued that the 2008 financial crisis set the stage for populist movements in Europe and other regions. And in the years that followed, Europeans experienced additional economic shocks, including the eurozone public debt crisis, the COVID-19 downturn and post-pandemic inflation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:430px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/europeans-say-their-children-will-be-financially-worse-off-than-them\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-05-28&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:310329,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/europeans_say_their_children_will_be_financially_worse_off_than_them-295530-1780427787.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Europeans say their children will be financially worse off than them&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% who say that when children in their country grow up, they will be __ financially than their parents&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Those who did not answer, or who volunteered \\&quot;Same,\\&quot; are not shown.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Spring 2024 Global Attitudes Survey.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Country&quot;,&quot;Worse off&quot;,&quot;Better off&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;France&quot;,&quot;81&quot;,&quot;14&quot;],[&quot;Italy&quot;,&quot;79&quot;,&quot;19&quot;],[&quot;U.K.&quot;,&quot;79&quot;,&quot;19&quot;],[&quot;Spain&quot;,&quot;75&quot;,&quot;20&quot;],[&quot;Greece&quot;,&quot;72&quot;,&quot;25&quot;],[&quot;Netherlands&quot;,&quot;69&quot;,&quot;27&quot;],[&quot;Germany&quot;,&quot;61&quot;,&quot;35&quot;],[&quot;Sweden&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;32&quot;],[&quot;Hungary&quot;,&quot;43&quot;,&quot;30&quot;],[&quot;Poland&quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;41&quot;],[&quot;10-country median&quot;,&quot;70&quot;,&quot;26&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/europeans_say_their_children_will_be_financially_worse_off_than_them-295530-1780427787.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/europeans-say-their-children-will-be-financially-worse-off-than-them\/\" data-chart-title=\"Europeans say their children will be financially worse off than them\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-6\" data-wp-key=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\" data-wp-router-region=\"chart-cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547-chart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:430px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:430px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Europeans say their children will be financially worse off than them<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say that when children in their country grow up, they will be __ financially than their parents<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/europeans_say_their_children_will_be_financially_worse_off_than_them-295530-1780427787.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:430px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Those who did not answer, or who volunteered &#8220;Same,&#8221; are not shown.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2024 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:430px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547-table\" style=\"max-width:430px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 430px;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Europeans say their children will be financially worse off than them<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say that when children in their country grow up, they will be __ financially than their parents<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 430px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left\">Country<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Worse off<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Better off<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">France<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">81<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Italy<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">79<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">19<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">U.K.<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">79<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">19<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Spain<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">75<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greece<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">72<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Netherlands<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">69<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Germany<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">61<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">58<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">32<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Hungary<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">43<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Poland<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">31<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">41<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">10-country median<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">70<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">26<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Those who did not answer, or who volunteered &#8220;Same,&#8221; are not shown.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2024 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 430px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:430px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"cbfe8162-e8b8-4e81-bc73-da200293c547\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More broadly, the rise of an increasingly interconnected global economy in recent decades has created resentments among those who feel <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/10\/05\/in-u-s-and-uk-globalization-leaves-some-feeling-left-behind-or-swept-up\/\">left behind by globalization<\/a>. Often, this group includes many working-class people with less education who in previous decades tended to vote for left-of-center parties but have increasingly turned to the populist right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All of these economic anxieties have left Europeans pessimistic about the long-term economic future. Across 10 European countries we surveyed in 2024, a median of 70% said that when children in their country grow up, they will be financially worse off than their parents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This economic pessimism and anxiety has shaken confidence in mainstream parties and the political status quo. And it has been fertile ground for the growth of right-wing populism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"cultural-grievances\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural grievances<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to economic frustrations, support for right-wing populism is associated with cultural grievances and reactions to rapid social change.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/supporters-of-right-wing-populist-parties-prefer-sticking-to-traditions-more-than-nonsupporters\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-05-28&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:310325,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/supporters_of_right-wing_populist_parties_prefer_sticking_to_traditions_more_than_nonsupporters-292808-1780427765.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Supporters of right-wing populist parties prefer sticking to traditions more than nonsupporters&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;&lt;em&gt;% who say their country will be better off in the future if it &lt;strong&gt;sticks to its traditions and way of life,&lt;\\\/strong&gt; by support for each right-wing populist party&lt;\\\/em&gt;&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Spring 2022 Global Attitudes Survey.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Party&quot;,&quot;Supporters&quot;,&quot;Nonsupporters&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Sweden Democrats&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;26&quot;],[&quot;PiS (Poland)&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;21&quot;],[&quot;Fidesz (Hungary)&quot;,&quot;62&quot;,&quot;27&quot;],[&quot;Reform UK&quot;,&quot;52&quot;,&quot;22&quot;],[&quot;Vox (Spain)&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;27&quot;],[&quot;Lega (Italy)&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;31&quot;],[&quot;AfD (Germany)&quot;,&quot;59&quot;,&quot;33&quot;],[&quot;Greek Solution&quot;,&quot;77&quot;,&quot;52&quot;],[&quot;PVV (Netherlands)&quot;,&quot;56&quot;,&quot;31&quot;],[&quot;Brothers of Italy&quot;,&quot;53&quot;,&quot;30&quot;],[&quot;National Rally (France)&quot;,&quot;57&quot;,&quot;39&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/supporters_of_right-wing_populist_parties_prefer_sticking_to_traditions_more_than_nonsupporters-292808-1780427765.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/supporters-of-right-wing-populist-parties-prefer-sticking-to-traditions-more-than-nonsupporters\/\" data-chart-title=\"Supporters of right-wing populist parties prefer sticking to traditions more than nonsupporters\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-8\" data-wp-key=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\" data-wp-router-region=\"chart-72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b-chart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Supporters of right-wing populist parties prefer sticking to traditions more than nonsupporters<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\"><em>% who say their country will be better off in the future if it <strong>sticks to its traditions and way of life,<\/strong> by support for each right-wing populist party<\/em><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/supporters_of_right-wing_populist_parties_prefer_sticking_to_traditions_more_than_nonsupporters-292808-1780427765.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2022 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Supporters of right-wing populist parties prefer sticking to traditions more than nonsupporters<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\"><em>% who say their country will be better off in the future if it <strong>sticks to its traditions and way of life,<\/strong> by support for each right-wing populist party<\/em><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left\">Party<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Supporters<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Nonsupporters<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden Democrats<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">64<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">26<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PiS (Poland)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">58<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">21<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Fidesz (Hungary)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">62<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Reform UK<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">52<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Vox (Spain)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">55<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lega (Italy)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">58<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">AfD (Germany)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">59<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">33<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greek Solution<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">77<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">52<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PVV (Netherlands)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">56<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Brothers of Italy<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">53<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">National Rally (France)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">57<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">39<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2022 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"72a432f5-026f-49d5-b8e8-0b6c74ad0c1b\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to many scholars, including the political scientists Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart, right-wing populism has been fueled by a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/cultural-backlash\/3C7CB32722C7BB8B19A0FC005CAFD02B\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/cultural-backlash\/3C7CB32722C7BB8B19A0FC005CAFD02B\">cultural backlash<\/a>\u201d against the progressive social changes that have taken place in high-income countries over the past few decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These nations have experienced deepening cultural divides over issues such as women\u2019s rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial and ethnic diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a 2022 survey, we posed a question that captures many of these cultural divisions. Respondents were asked if their country would be better off if it sticks to its traditions and way of life or if it is open to changing them. Overall, Europeans said their nation should embrace change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, substantial shares preferred sticking with traditions, and this view was especially common among those who support right-wing populist parties. For example, 64% of Swedes with a favorable view of the Sweden Democrats think their country would be better off keeping its traditions and way of life, compared with 26% among those who rate the party negatively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-wing populists also tend to have a more exclusionary view of national identity. They are particularly likely to say that to truly be a part of their country\u2019s nationality it is <em>very<\/em> important to speak the country\u2019s language, to share its customs and traditions, and to have been born in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"aligncenter wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/right-wing-populists-are-especially-likely-to-emphasize-being-born-in-their-country-as-part-of-national-identity\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-05-28&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:310328,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/right-wing_populists_are_especially_likely_to_emphasize_being_born_in_their_country_as_part_of_national_identity-292795-1780427776.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Right-wing populists are especially likely to emphasize being born in their country as part of national identity&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% who say that having been born in the country is &lt;strong&gt;very important&lt;\\\/strong&gt; to being truly [country nationality], by support for each right-wing populist party&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Only statistically significant differences are shown. Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Party&quot;,&quot;Supporters&quot;,&quot;Nonsupporters&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Vox (Spain)&quot;,&quot;55&quot;,&quot;25&quot;],[&quot;Reform UK&quot;,&quot;32&quot;,&quot;9&quot;],[&quot;AfD (Germany)&quot;,&quot;32&quot;,&quot;10&quot;],[&quot;PiS (Poland)&quot;,&quot;58&quot;,&quot;41&quot;],[&quot;Fidesz (Hungary)&quot;,&quot;40&quot;,&quot;23&quot;],[&quot;Greek Solution&quot;,&quot;49&quot;,&quot;35&quot;],[&quot;Brothers of Italy&quot;,&quot;36&quot;,&quot;22&quot;],[&quot;National Rally (France)&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;14&quot;],[&quot;Lega (Italy)&quot;,&quot;38&quot;,&quot;25&quot;],[&quot;Sweden Democrats&quot;,&quot;7&quot;,&quot;2&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/right-wing_populists_are_especially_likely_to_emphasize_being_born_in_their_country_as_part_of_national_identity-292795-1780427776.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/right-wing-populists-are-especially-likely-to-emphasize-being-born-in-their-country-as-part-of-national-identity\/\" data-chart-title=\"Right-wing populists are especially likely to emphasize being born in their country as part of national identity\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-10\" data-wp-key=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\" data-wp-router-region=\"chart-df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774-chart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Right-wing populists are especially likely to emphasize being born in their country as part of national identity<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say that having been born in the country is <strong>very important<\/strong> to being truly [country nationality], by support for each right-wing populist party<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/right-wing_populists_are_especially_likely_to_emphasize_being_born_in_their_country_as_part_of_national_identity-292795-1780427776.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Only statistically significant differences are shown. Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Right-wing populists are especially likely to emphasize being born in their country as part of national identity<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say that having been born in the country is <strong>very important<\/strong> to being truly [country nationality], by support for each right-wing populist party<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left\">Party<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Supporters<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Nonsupporters<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Vox (Spain)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">55<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Reform UK<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">32<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">AfD (Germany)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">32<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PiS (Poland)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">58<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">41<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Fidesz (Hungary)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">40<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">23<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greek Solution<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">49<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Brothers of Italy<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">36<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">National Rally (France)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">28<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lega (Italy)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">38<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden Democrats<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">7<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Only statistically significant differences are shown. Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"df52d913-8957-46fb-b491-ba0a380e8774\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, roughly half or more of those with positive views of right-wing populist parties in Spain, Poland and Greece think it is very important to have been born in their country. This view is significantly less common among those who rate these parties negatively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-wing populists also stand out for their views on social issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage. Even though right-wing populists typically say abortion should be legal in all or most cases, they are less likely than others to hold this view in some European countries. Similarly, most tend to support same sex-marriage, but they are less likely than others to support it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;who-supports-right-wing-populism&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"who-supports-right-wing-populism\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Supports Right-Wing Populism?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/pg_2026.05.28_brexit_feat-sec2.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Supporters of the right-wing Alternative for Germany party wave flags at a campaign rally in Erfurt, Germany, on Aug. 31, 2024. (Sean Gallup\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-wing populists typically differ from others in their country on a few demographic factors, most notably education.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"alignright wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/people-with-less-education-express-more-positive-views-about-right-wing-populist-parties\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-05-28&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:310331,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/people_with_less_education_express_more_positive_views_about_right-wing_populist_parties-300071-1780427808.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;People with less education express more positive views about right-wing populist parties&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% who have a &lt;strong&gt;favorable&lt;\\\/strong&gt; opinion of each right-wing populist party, by education&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: Only statistically significant differences are shown.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Spring 2025 Global Attitudes Survey.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Party&quot;,&quot;More education &quot;,&quot;Less education&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;National Rally (France)&quot;,&quot;22&quot;,&quot;43&quot;],[&quot;PVV (Netherlands) &quot;,&quot;18&quot;,&quot;38&quot;],[&quot;Reform UK&quot;,&quot;26&quot;,&quot;44&quot;],[&quot;Lega (Italy) &quot;,&quot;16&quot;,&quot;32&quot;],[&quot;Fidesz (Hungary)&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;47&quot;],[&quot;Brothers of Italy &quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;45&quot;],[&quot;Sweden Democrats&quot;,&quot;19&quot;,&quot;33&quot;],[&quot;Greek Solution&quot;,&quot;16&quot;,&quot;28&quot;],[&quot;PiS (Poland) &quot;,&quot;23&quot;,&quot;34&quot;],[&quot;AfD (Germany) &quot;,&quot;15&quot;,&quot;23&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/people_with_less_education_express_more_positive_views_about_right-wing_populist_parties-300071-1780427808.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/people-with-less-education-express-more-positive-views-about-right-wing-populist-parties\/\" data-chart-title=\"People with less education express more positive views about right-wing populist parties\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-12\" data-wp-key=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\" data-wp-router-region=\"chart-13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9-chart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">People with less education express more positive views about right-wing populist parties<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who have a <strong>favorable<\/strong> opinion of each right-wing populist party, by education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/people_with_less_education_express_more_positive_views_about_right-wing_populist_parties-300071-1780427808.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Only statistically significant differences are shown.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2025 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">People with less education express more positive views about right-wing populist parties<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who have a <strong>favorable<\/strong> opinion of each right-wing populist party, by education<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left\">Party<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">More education <\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Less education<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">National Rally (France)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">22<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">43<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PVV (Netherlands) <\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">18<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">38<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Reform UK<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">26<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">44<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lega (Italy) <\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">16<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">32<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Fidesz (Hungary)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">33<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">47<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Brothers of Italy <\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">31<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden Democrats<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">19<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">33<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greek Solution<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">16<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">28<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PiS (Poland) <\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">23<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">34<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">AfD (Germany) <\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">15<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">23<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: Only statistically significant differences are shown.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2025 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"13105322-e0e5-4de8-a2bd-b072452912d9\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Generally, those with less education hold right-wing populist parties in higher regard than those with more education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider the Netherlands: Roughly four-in-ten people with a secondary education or less gave Geert Wilders\u2019 Party for Freedom positive ratings, according to our 2025 survey. Among those with at least some postsecondary education, 18% saw the party favorably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, across levels of educational attainment, no right-wing populist party received majority favorable marks in any of the European countries we surveyed in 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Favorable views of these parties are sometimes related to other demographics such as gender, but we see these differences less frequently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where there are gender gaps, men are more supportive of these parties than women. For example, Swedish men tend to support the Sweden Democrats at a higher rate than women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other data suggests that right-wing populist party supporters can also be more religious than nonsupporters. For instance, those who say religion plays an important role in their personal life are also often more likely to hold a favorable view of many right-wing populist parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;how-do-right-wing-populists-view-democracy&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"how-do-right-wing-populists-view-democracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Do Right-Wing Populists View Democracy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/pg_2026.05.28_brexit_feat-sec3.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A voter steps out of a polling booth during first-round parliamentary elections in Le Touquet, France, on June 30, 2024. (Ludovic Marin\/AFP via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/02\/28\/attitudes-toward-different-types-of-government-systems\/\">2023 Pew Research Center survey<\/a>, we asked respondents in 24 nations whether certain types of governments would be good or bad ways to govern countries. Majorities in every place \u2013 including 10 European nations \u2013 described representative democracy as a good way of governing their country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among both those with favorable views of populist parties and unfavorable views of them, support for representative democracy was generally high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, supporters of right-wing populist parties were more likely than others to say that a system in which a strong leader can make decisions without interference from parliament or the courts was a <em>good<\/em> way of governing their country.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"aligncenter wp-block-prc-chart-builder-synced-chart\"><figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:305587,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/28\\\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/supporters-of-right-wing-populist-parties-tend-to-be-more-supportive-of-a-system-of-government-in-which-leaders-act-without-interference-from-parliament-or-courts\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-05-28&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:310330,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/supporters_of_right-wing_populist_parties_tend_to_be_more_supportive_of_a_system_of_government_in_which_leaders_act_without_interference_from_parliament_or_courts-297433-1780427797.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Supporters of right-wing populist parties tend to be more supportive of a system of government in which leaders act without interference from parliament or courts&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;% who say rule by a strong leader without interference from parliament or courts would be a &lt;strong&gt;good&lt;\\\/strong&gt; way of governing their country, by support for each right-wing populist party&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: All differences are statistically significant. Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party. Full question wording: \\u201cA system in which a strong leader can make decisions without interference from [country-specific legislative body: e.g. parliament or Congress] or the courts.\\u201d&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey.&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Party&quot;,&quot;Supporters&quot;,&quot;Nonsupporters&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Reform UK&quot;,&quot;48&quot;,&quot;25&quot;],[&quot;AfD (Germany)&quot;,&quot;33&quot;,&quot;12&quot;],[&quot;Lega (Italy)&quot;,&quot;30&quot;,&quot;15&quot;],[&quot;Brothers of Italy&quot;,&quot;27&quot;,&quot;14&quot;],[&quot;PVV (Netherlands)&quot;,&quot;22&quot;,&quot;9&quot;],[&quot;National Rally (France)&quot;,&quot;21&quot;,&quot;8&quot;],[&quot;PiS (Poland)&quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;21&quot;],[&quot;Fidesz (Hungary)&quot;,&quot;19&quot;,&quot;10&quot;],[&quot;Vox (Spain)&quot;,&quot;22&quot;,&quot;14&quot;],[&quot;Greek Solution&quot;,&quot;19&quot;,&quot;11&quot;],[&quot;Sweden Democrats&quot;,&quot;10&quot;,&quot;3&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]}}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/supporters_of_right-wing_populist_parties_tend_to_be_more_supportive_of_a_system_of_government_in_which_leaders_act_without_interference_from_parliament_or_courts-297433-1780427797.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2026\/05\/28\/right-wing-populism-in-the-decade-since-brexit\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/supporters-of-right-wing-populist-parties-tend-to-be-more-supportive-of-a-system-of-government-in-which-leaders-act-without-interference-from-parliament-or-courts\/\" data-chart-title=\"Supporters of right-wing populist parties tend to be more supportive of a system of government in which leaders act without interference from parliament or courts\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-inner wp-block-prc-chart-builder-chart\" id=\"chart-block-14\" data-wp-key=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11-chart\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-prc-chart-id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11-chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11-chart&quot;}\" data-wp-watch--init-render=\"callbacks.watchForRender\" data-wp-watch--sync-navigation=\"callbacks.syncOnNavigation\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.watchForResize\" data-wp-router-region=\"chart-126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11-chart\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Supporters of right-wing populist parties tend to be more supportive of a system of government in which leaders act without interference from parliament or courts<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say rule by a strong leader without interference from parliament or courts would be a <strong>good<\/strong> way of governing their country, by support for each right-wing populist party<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11-chart\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/supporters_of_right-wing_populist_parties_tend_to_be_more_supportive_of_a_system_of_government_in_which_leaders_act_without_interference_from_parliament_or_courts-297433-1780427797.png\" alt=\"Chart\" class=\"chart-fallback chart-fallback--png\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto;\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: All differences are statistically significant. Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party. Full question wording: \u201cA system in which a strong leader can make decisions without interference from [country-specific legislative body: e.g. parliament or Congress] or the courts.\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0; max-width:420px;\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\">Supporters of right-wing populist parties tend to be more supportive of a system of government in which leaders act without interference from parliament or courts<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\">% who say rule by a strong leader without interference from parliament or courts would be a <strong>good<\/strong> way of governing their country, by support for each right-wing populist party<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left\">Party<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Supporters<\/th><th style=\"text-align:center\">Nonsupporters<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Reform UK<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">48<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">AfD (Germany)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">33<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lega (Italy)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">30<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Brothers of Italy<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">27<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PVV (Netherlands)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">22<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">National Rally (France)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">21<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">PiS (Poland)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">31<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">21<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Fidesz (Hungary)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">19<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Vox (Spain)<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">22<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greek Solution<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">19<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden Democrats<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"1\">10<\/td><td style=\"text-align:center\" data-prc-v-col=\"2\">3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\">Note: All differences are statistically significant. Supporters are those with a favorable view of each party; nonsupporters are those with an unfavorable view of each party. Full question wording: \u201cA system in which a strong leader can make decisions without interference from [country-specific legislative body: e.g. parliament or Congress] or the courts.\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\">Source: Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"126ae58c-7b81-40b4-a049-e25f7a98dc11\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, British adults with a favorable view of Reform UK were nearly twice as likely as those with an unfavorable view of the party to say this system would be a good way of governing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who support right-wing populist parties were also more likely to think military rule could be a good way to govern. Although it is worth noting that in most cases, fewer than a third of right-wing populists expressed support for either a strong leader model or military rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;what-about-right-wing-populism-outside-of-europe&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"what-about-right-wing-populism-outside-of-europe\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What About Right-Wing Populism Outside of Europe?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/pg_2026.05.28_brexit_feat-sec4.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A crowd surrounds former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro (right, in yellow) as he arrives at a rally in Sao Paulo on Feb. 25, 2024, to reject claims he plotted a coup with allies to remain in power after failing his 2022 reelection bid. (Miguel Schincariol\/AFP via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of the forces that have driven support for right-wing populism in Europe are found in other regions as well. Over the past decade, varieties of right-wing populism have gained strength in nations across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2016, only months after the Brexit vote, <strong>Donald Trump<\/strong> won the U.S. presidency. In the decade since, his \u201cMake America Great Again\u201d movement has become the dominant force within the Republican Party, which has moved in a populist direction that looks very different from the pre-Trump GOP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across Latin America, right-wing populists have found electoral success, built on promises of economic reform and addressing crime rates. In 2019, <strong>Jair Bolsonaro<\/strong> and <strong>Nayib Bukele<\/strong> ascended to the presidencies of Brazil and El Salvador, respectively. While Bolsonaro failed to secure a second term, Bukele was overwhelmingly reelected. Populist <strong>Javier Milei <\/strong>became the president of Argentina in 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Asia, too, leaders that many have characterized as right-wing populists have won national elections, like <strong>Narendra Modi <\/strong>in India, <strong>Prabowo Subianto<\/strong> in Indonesia and <strong>Rodrigo Duterte<\/strong> in the Philippines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Australia, <strong>Pauline Hanson\u2019s<\/strong> One Nation has seen a recent revival after an electoral decline in the 2000s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And Turkish President <strong>Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019s <\/strong>religious populism and strongman rhetoric has helped him retain power since 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-61b01db2 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>About this research<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This Pew Research Center essay combines global public opinion data from various surveys we have conducted with election data retrieved from outside sources to examine the rise of right-wing populism and how right-wing populist parties have performed politically in Europe over the last decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why did we do this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center does research to help the public, media and decision-makers understand important topics. This analysis is part of our longstanding research on attitudes toward political, economic and cultural issues in Europe and around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Learn more <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/about\/\">about Pew Research Center<\/a> and our <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/international-surveys\/\">international surveys<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How did we do this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data for this essay comes from previous Pew Research Center Global Attitudes surveys, namely those conducted in spring 2026, spring 2025, spring 2024, spring 2023 and spring 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Favorability toward political parties in France, Germany, Italy and the U.K. are from spring 2026. We interviewed a total of 4,027 people over the phone in these four countries from Feb. 9 to April 20, 2026. The surveys represent the views of each country\u2019s full adult population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:false,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/pg_2026.05.28_brexit_topline.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/05\/pg_2026.05.28_brexit_topline.pdf\">favorability questions used<\/a> for this analysis, along with responses, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2026\/05\/28\/global\/methodology-brexit\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2026\/05\/28\/global\/methodology-brexit\/\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" data-wp-bind--aria-hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;position&quot;:&quot;initial&quot;,&quot;zIndex&quot;:1,&quot;positionTop&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionLeft&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionBottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;positionRight&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sceneDetails&quot;:{&quot;controllerUuid&quot;:&quot;c6f76142-271a-4fc3-ba76-d14c9451f448&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hasSceneTrigger&quot;:false,&quot;sceneTriggerNumber&quot;:1,&quot;sceneTriggerPosition&quot;:&quot;top center&quot;,&quot;debug&quot;:false,&quot;respondToScene&quot;:false,&quot;sceneResponses&quot;:[{&quot;sceneResponseNumberMin&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseNumberMax&quot;:1,&quot;sceneResponseActions&quot;:&quot;data&quot;,&quot;sceneResponseActionsValues&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onSceneInit\" data-wp-style--position=\"context.position\" data-wp-style--z-index=\"context.zIndex\">We classified parties as populist using ratings from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chesdata.eu\/ches-europe\">2024 Chapel Hill Expert Survey<\/a> (CHES), the <a href=\"https:\/\/poppa-data.eu\/\">2023 Populism and Political Parties Expert Survey<\/a> (POPPA) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/popu-list.org\/\">2023 PopuList<\/a>. For more information, read our <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2026\/05\/28\/global\/appendix-classifying-european-political-parties-brexit\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2026\/05\/28\/global\/appendix-classifying-european-political-parties-brexit\/\">appendix on classifying European political parties<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"acknowledgments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This essay was written by Richard Wike, director of Global Attitudes research; Jonathan Schulman, research associate; Jordan Lippert, research analyst; Sofia Hernandez Ramones, research assistant; and Andrew Prozorovsky, research assistant. Chris Baranovski, lead engineer, editorial content, contributed to web development. Janakee Chavda, associate digital producer, produced the report for web. John Carlo Mandapat, information graphics designer, created the graphics. The essay was checked by Laura Clancy, research analyst; and Julia Armeli, research assistant. It was copy edited by Anna Jackson, editorial specialist; and Mia Hennen, editorial assistant. Jacob Poushter, associate director of Global Attitudes research, provided editorial guidance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since the U.K. voted to leave the European Union, right-wing populists and their parties have regularly disrupted Europe\u2019s political 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