{"id":29415,"date":"2017-04-24T16:54:31","date_gmt":"2017-04-24T21:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T03:56:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T08:56:54","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d\/","title":{"rendered":"Appendix D: Income tiers defined using the U.S. median disposable household income"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a class=\"image-box\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/middle-class-fortunes-in-western-europe\/st_2017-04-24_western-europe-middle-class_d-01\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37444\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e5dc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e5dc;\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" class=\"wp-image-37444 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/04\/20141755\/ST_2017.04.24_Western-Europe-Middle-Class_D-01.png\" alt=\"\" data-attachid=\"37444\"><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an alternative to using a country\u2019s own median household income to define the boundaries of income tiers, it is possible to apply a common income standard in all countries. This appendix shows the shares of adults who are in the lower-, middle- and upper-income tiers in all countries using the U.S. median disposable household income to define the boundaries of each tier. Incomes in each country are first expressed in 2011 purchasing power parity dollars to adjust for cost of living differences across countries. As usual, incomes are also adjusted for household size.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2010, the median disposable household income in the U.S. was considerably higher than the median in the selected countries from Western Europe, except for Luxembourg and Norway. Thus, the shares of adults who are lower income in many countries in Western Europe is much greater when the U.S. median is used as the standard instead of the nation\u2019s own median income, and the middle-income and upper-income shares decrease. In Germany, for example, using the U.S. median income as the standard instead of the German median income raises the lower-income share from 18% to 33%, decreases the middle-income share from 72% to 63%, and reduces the upper-income share from 10% to 4%.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As an alternative to using a country\u2019s own median household income to define the boundaries of income tiers, it is possible to apply a common income standard in all countries. 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The middle class is large in many Western European countries, but it is losing ground in places","slug":"the-middle-class-is-large-in-many-western-european-countries-but-it-is-losing-ground-in-places","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/the-middle-class-is-large-in-many-western-european-countries-but-it-is-losing-ground-in-places\/","is_active":false},{"id":29317,"title":"2. The financial well-being of income tiers varies across countries, and is evolving differently","slug":"the-financial-well-being-of-income-tiers-varies-across-countries-and-is-evolving-differently","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/the-financial-well-being-of-income-tiers-varies-across-countries-and-is-evolving-differently\/","is_active":false},{"id":29307,"title":"3. Share of aggregate household income held by the middle class is falling in many Western European nations and the U.S.","slug":"share-of-aggregate-household-income-held-by-the-middle-class-is-falling-in-many-western-european-nations-and-the-u-s","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/share-of-aggregate-household-income-held-by-the-middle-class-is-falling-in-many-western-european-nations-and-the-u-s\/","is_active":false},{"id":29421,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":29395,"title":"Methodology","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":29298,"title":"Appendix A: Data tables","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-a","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-a\/","is_active":false},{"id":29435,"title":"Appendix B: Middle-income boundaries depend on household size and vary over time","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-b","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-b\/","is_active":false},{"id":29427,"title":"Appendix C: Shares of adults who are lower, middle or upper income based on their gross household income","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-c","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-c\/","is_active":false},{"id":29415,"title":"Appendix D: Income tiers defined using the U.S. median disposable household income","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d\/","is_active":true},{"id":29402,"title":"Appendix E: Income distributions","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-e","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-e\/","is_active":false},{"id":29409,"title":"Appendix F: Changes in the shares of adults in lower-, middle- and upper-income tiers","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-f","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-f\/","is_active":false},{"id":29384,"title":"Appendix G: Changes in disposable household incomes, by income tier","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-g","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-g\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"185c36ce-d616-4b5c-b3ea-6bf870150fb5","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/04\/ST_2017.04.24_Western-Europe-Middle-Class_FINAL.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"9e1bff67-1ca6-4190-8ee6-053623a97311","type":"promo","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/04\/EUcalc-promo-140x140-jpg.webp","label":"Are you middle class in Western Europe?","icon":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/04\/EUcalc-promo-140x140.jpg?w=75&h=75&crop=1","attachmentId":38298}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":29415,"title":"Appendix D: Income tiers defined using the U.S. median disposable household income","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-d\/","is_active":true,"page_num":10},"next_post":{"id":29402,"title":"Appendix E: Income distributions","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-e","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-e\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11},"previous_post":{"id":29427,"title":"Appendix C: Shares of adults who are lower, middle or upper income based on their gross household income","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-appendix-c","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-appendix-c\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},"pagination_items":[{"id":29339,"title":"Middle Class Fortunes in Western Europe","slug":"middle-class-fortunes-in-western-europe","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/middle-class-fortunes-in-western-europe\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":29327,"title":"1. The middle class is large in many Western European countries, but it is losing ground in places","slug":"the-middle-class-is-large-in-many-western-european-countries-but-it-is-losing-ground-in-places","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/the-middle-class-is-large-in-many-western-european-countries-but-it-is-losing-ground-in-places\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":29317,"title":"2. The financial well-being of income tiers varies across countries, and is evolving differently","slug":"the-financial-well-being-of-income-tiers-varies-across-countries-and-is-evolving-differently","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/the-financial-well-being-of-income-tiers-varies-across-countries-and-is-evolving-differently\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":29307,"title":"3. Share of aggregate household income held by the middle class is falling in many Western European nations and the U.S.","slug":"share-of-aggregate-household-income-held-by-the-middle-class-is-falling-in-many-western-european-nations-and-the-u-s","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/share-of-aggregate-household-income-held-by-the-middle-class-is-falling-in-many-western-european-nations-and-the-u-s\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":29421,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":29395,"title":"Methodology","slug":"western-europe-middle-class-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2017\/04\/24\/western-europe-middle-class-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":29298,"title":"Appendix A: 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