{"id":28881,"date":"2018-07-12T09:31:38","date_gmt":"2018-07-12T14:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/"},"modified":"2024-09-10T17:19:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T21:19:08","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/","title":{"rendered":"Appendix B: Classifying the parties"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;classifying-parties-as-traditional&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"classifying-parties-as-traditional\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classifying parties as traditional<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the purposes of this study, we defined \u201ctraditional\u201d parties as those that have led the government \u2013 whether as president, prime minister or chancellor \u2013 at least once during the past 25 years, have competed in at least two national elections, and still compete in elections today. Many of these parties have sustained their success over decades and are likely to be well-known to respondents.[19. numoffset=&#8221;19&#8243; Although En Marche won the 2017 French elections, the party was only created in 2016 and 2017 was the first year in which it competed; as a result, we have categorized En Marche as a \u201ckey nontraditional party\u201d.]<\/p>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;classifying-parties-as-populist&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"classifying-parties-as-populist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classifying parties as populist<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We define \u201cpopulist\u201d parties as those that display high levels of anti-elitism. We do this on the basis of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chesdata.eu\/1999-2014-chapel-hill-expert-survey-ches-trend-file-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chapel Hill Expert Survey<\/a>. For all countries but Denmark, we rely on the 2017 CHES. This survey, which was carried out in January and February 2018, asked 228 regional experts to evaluate the 2017 party positions of 132 European political parties across 14 European Union member states. CHES results are regularly used by academics to classify parties with regard to their left-right ideological leanings, their key party platform positions and their degree of populism, among other things. Measures for Denmark come from the 2014 CHES, as this is the most recent year that Danish parties were included in the survey.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For all countries but Denmark, we measure anti-elitism using an average of two variables in the CHES data. First, we used \u201cPEOPLE_VS_ELITE,\u201d which asked the experts to measure the parties with regard to their position on direct vs. representative democracy, where 0 means that the parties support elected officeholders making the most important decisions and 10 means that \u201cthe people,\u201d not politicians, should make the most important decisions. Second, we used \u201cANTIELITE_SALIENCE,\u201d which is a measure of the salience of anti-establishment and anti-elite rhetoric for that particular party, with 0 meaning not at all salient and 10 meaning extremely salient. The average of these two measures is shown in the table below as \u201canti-elitism.\u201d In all countries, we consider parties that score above 7.5 as \u201cpopulist.\u201d In Denmark, because PEOPLE_VS_ELITE was not asked in 2014, we use only one question: ANTIELITE_SALIENCE. Additionally, because no party scored above 7.5 on anti-elitism, we include the highest-scoring party: the Danish People\u2019s Party (6.9).<\/p>\n\n<p>[European Parliament]<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;classifying-parties-as-left-or-right&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"classifying-parties-as-left-or-right\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classifying parties as left or right<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can further classify these traditional and populist parties into two groups: left and right. When classifying parties as left and right, we relied on the variable \u201cLRGEN\u201d in the CHES dataset, which asked experts to rate the positions of each party in terms of its overall ideological stance, with 0 meaning extreme left, 5 meaning center and 10 meaning extreme right. We define left parties as those that score below 5 and right parties as those above 5. Most traditional parties fall between 2.5 and 7.5 on this scale, while most populist parties fall outside this range.<\/p>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;other-key-nontraditional-parties&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"other-key-nontraditional-parties\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other key nontraditional parties<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, we discuss two key parties that 1) are not traditional parties insofar as they have not competed in more than one national election or have not run the government; 2) are not defined by high levels of anti-elitism; 3) have had some level of electoral success in recent elections (which we define as receiving at least 10% of the vote share in the most recent election); and 4) with which 15% or more of people in this survey identify as partisans. We refer to these parties as \u201ckey nontraditional parties.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/pg_2018-07-12_westerneuropepolitics-9-01\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41487\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeedec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeedec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"892\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_2018.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics-9-01.png?resize=480,671 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_2018.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics-9-01.png?resize=638,892 638w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" class=\"wp-image-37471 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_2018.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics-9-01.png\" alt=\"Table showing European political party classifications.\"><\/a><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Classifying parties as traditional For the purposes of this study, we defined \u201ctraditional\u201d parties as those that have led the government \u2013 whether as president, prime minister or chancellor \u2013 at least once during the past 25 years, have competed in at least two national elections, and still compete in elections today. Many of these [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[{"key":"e0b22c251cb5fa2998ffdfd1950ff4bf","termId":841},{"key":"5bd834fffbc39e752b70de850760ca10","termId":954},{"key":"92608bcb5be386c1796204776e144257","termId":868},{"key":"c606c8fe923eb3954a7e40e61760b2c7","termId":937}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[868,841,954,937],"collection":[],"datasets":[1025],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[516,514],"research-teams":[525],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-28881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","bylines-courtney-johnson","bylines-katie-simmons","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-richard-wike","datasets-fall-2017-media-and-politics-in-western-europe-survey-data","formats-report","mode-of-analysis-survey","regions-countries-europe-russia","regions-countries-international","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":29004,"word_count":567,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":"37628","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":"37628","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":"37628","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":"37628","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":"37628","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg?w=640&h=320&crop=1","width":640,"height":320,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":"37628","rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/07\/PG_18.07.12_WesternEuropePolitics_Featured-Image.jpg?w=640&h=320&crop=1","width":640,"height":320,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":29004,"title":"In Western Europe, Populist Parties Tap Anti-Establishment Frustration but Have Little Appeal Across Ideological Divide","slug":"in-western-europe-populist-parties-tap-anti-establishment-frustration-but-have-little-appeal-across-ideological-divide","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/in-western-europe-populist-parties-tap-anti-establishment-frustration-but-have-little-appeal-across-ideological-divide\/","is_active":false},{"id":28994,"title":"1. Mapping the political space in Western Europe","slug":"mapping-the-political-space-in-western-europe","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/mapping-the-political-space-in-western-europe\/","is_active":false},{"id":28987,"title":"2. On economic policy, Western European public opinion deeply divided along traditional ideological lines","slug":"on-economic-policy-western-europe-public-opinion-deeply-divided-along-traditional-ideological-lines","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/on-economic-policy-western-europe-public-opinion-deeply-divided-along-traditional-ideological-lines\/","is_active":false},{"id":28977,"title":"3. Ideological right more traditional on social issues","slug":"ideological-right-more-traditional-on-social-issues","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/ideological-right-more-traditional-on-social-issues\/","is_active":false},{"id":28929,"title":"4. Stark left-right divides on attitudes about immigration","slug":"stark-left-right-divides-on-attitudes-about-immigration","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/stark-left-right-divides-on-attitudes-about-immigration\/","is_active":false},{"id":28967,"title":"5. Populist groups across the ideological spectrum have low trust in institutions","slug":"populist-groups-across-the-ideological-spectrum-have-low-trust-in-institutions","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/populist-groups-across-the-ideological-spectrum-have-low-trust-in-institutions\/","is_active":false},{"id":28955,"title":"6. People who hold populist views are less likely to see EU membership bringing economic benefits","slug":"people-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-likely-to-see-eu-membership-bringing-economic-benefits","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/people-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-likely-to-see-eu-membership-bringing-economic-benefits\/","is_active":false},{"id":28943,"title":"7. Left-right ideology influences political party support across Western Europe more than populist views","slug":"left-right-ideology-influences-political-party-support-across-western-europe-more-than-populist-views","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/left-right-ideology-influences-political-party-support-across-western-europe-more-than-populist-views\/","is_active":false},{"id":28868,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":28857,"title":"Methodology","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":28914,"title":"Appendix A: Defining the groups","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-a-defining-the-groups","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-a-defining-the-groups\/","is_active":false},{"id":28881,"title":"Appendix B: Classifying the parties","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/","is_active":true},{"id":28900,"title":"Appendix C: References","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-c-references","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-c-references\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"efb2c6b6-9025-4f22-830e-e5a21ce7fc87","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/Pew-Research-Center_Western-Europe-Political-Ideology-Report_2018-07-12.pdf"},{"key":"129cf83d-9dbc-455c-91a7-dc303ee45f0d","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/Pew-Research-Center_Western-Europe-Politcal-Ideology_2018-07-12_Topline.pdf"},{"key":"_ziv9yeu4r","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2018\/09\/12\/how-traditional-and-populist-party-support-differs-across-western-europe\/","label":"Explore traditional and populist party support in Western European countries","icon":"supplemental"},{"key":"43265016-a74f-4844-8bf6-e4a2bdac885f","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/i-vesteuropa-lever-populistiske-partier-hojt-pa-frustrationer-imod-det-etablerede-men-har-svaert-ved-at-appellere-pa-tvaers-af-den-ideologiske-afgrund\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Danish | Dansk)","icon":"report"},{"key":"0cac12b5-db8c-4a12-9f3f-4228dab6d2c4","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/in-west-europa-spelen-populistische-partijen-in-op-frustratie-over-de-gevestigde-orde-maar-vinden-ze-weinig-aansluiting-binnen-het-ideologische-spectrum\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Dutch | Nederlands)","icon":"report"},{"key":"32abe972-c354-4245-9636-a0eca2041f8a","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/en-europe-de-louest-les-partis-populistes-exploitent-le-sentiment-de-mecontentement-vis-a-vis-du-systeme-anti-establishment-mais-leur-attrait-au-dela-du-clivage-ide\/","label":"Summary of findings: (French | Fran\u00e7ais)","icon":"report"},{"key":"3c23eeb7-1a3a-453e-9019-7c38c7f44136","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/populistische-parteien-in-westeuropa-machen-sich-anti-establishment-frustgefuhle-zu-nutze-finden-aber-wenig-anklang-unter-vertretern-der-jeweils-anderen-ideologischen-uberzeugung\/","label":"Summary of findings: (German | Deutsch)","icon":"report"},{"key":"7ca648eb-d0f5-42f6-8c65-c456742c3e81","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/nelleuropa-occidentale-i-partiti-populisti-fanno-leva-sulla-frustrazione-anti-sistema-ma-hanno-unattrattiva-minima-nella-divisione-ideologica\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Italian | Italiano)","icon":"report"},{"key":"d93884e2-eb65-426a-ad14-acaabacbff6d","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/en-europa-occidental-los-partidos-populistas-aprovechan-la-frustracion-contra-la-clase-dirigente-pero-son-poco-atractivos-dentro-del-espectro-ideologico\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Spanish | Espa\u00f1ol)","icon":"report"},{"key":"dc884b04-c540-4114-9ca5-3cb299970eb1","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/09\/12\/i-vasteuropa-forsoker-populistiska-partier-utnyttja-frustrationen-mot-etablissemanget-men-de-har-inte-lockat-personer-pa-bada-sidor-om-den-ideologiska-klyftan\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Swedish | Svenska)","icon":"report"},{"key":"8f646f1a-18bb-44f3-9caa-5f1280c5eb67","type":"promo","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/fact-sheet\/news-media-and-political-attitudes-in-the-united-kingdom\/","label":"Country-specific data on news media and political attitudes","icon":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/PJ_18.04.16_MediaPolitics_FactSheet_140x140promo.png?w=75&h=75&crop=1","attachmentId":40942},{"key":"c83c92a0-69e2-490e-92f7-1fb20a2e7dee","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2018\/05\/14\/in-western-europe-public-attitudes-toward-news-media-more-divided-by-populist-views-than-left-right-ideology\/","label":"In Western Europe, Public Attitudes Toward News Media More Divided by Populist Views Than Left-Right Ideology","icon":"report"},{"type":"dataset","id":1025,"label":"Fall 2017 Media and Politics in Western Europe Survey Data","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/fall-2017-media-and-politics-in-western-europe-survey-data\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":28881,"title":"Appendix B: Classifying the parties","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/","is_active":true,"page_num":12},"next_post":{"id":28900,"title":"Appendix C: References","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-c-references","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-c-references\/","is_active":false,"page_num":13},"previous_post":{"id":28914,"title":"Appendix A: Defining the groups","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-a-defining-the-groups","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-a-defining-the-groups\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11},"pagination_items":[{"id":29004,"title":"In Western Europe, Populist Parties Tap Anti-Establishment Frustration but Have Little Appeal Across Ideological Divide","slug":"in-western-europe-populist-parties-tap-anti-establishment-frustration-but-have-little-appeal-across-ideological-divide","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/in-western-europe-populist-parties-tap-anti-establishment-frustration-but-have-little-appeal-across-ideological-divide\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":28994,"title":"1. Mapping the political space in Western Europe","slug":"mapping-the-political-space-in-western-europe","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/mapping-the-political-space-in-western-europe\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":28987,"title":"2. On economic policy, Western European public opinion deeply divided along traditional ideological lines","slug":"on-economic-policy-western-europe-public-opinion-deeply-divided-along-traditional-ideological-lines","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/on-economic-policy-western-europe-public-opinion-deeply-divided-along-traditional-ideological-lines\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":28977,"title":"3. Ideological right more traditional on social issues","slug":"ideological-right-more-traditional-on-social-issues","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/ideological-right-more-traditional-on-social-issues\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":28929,"title":"4. Stark left-right divides on attitudes about immigration","slug":"stark-left-right-divides-on-attitudes-about-immigration","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/stark-left-right-divides-on-attitudes-about-immigration\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":28967,"title":"5. Populist groups across the ideological spectrum have low trust in institutions","slug":"populist-groups-across-the-ideological-spectrum-have-low-trust-in-institutions","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/populist-groups-across-the-ideological-spectrum-have-low-trust-in-institutions\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":28955,"title":"6. People who hold populist views are less likely to see EU membership bringing economic benefits","slug":"people-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-likely-to-see-eu-membership-bringing-economic-benefits","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/people-who-hold-populist-views-are-less-likely-to-see-eu-membership-bringing-economic-benefits\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":28943,"title":"7. Left-right ideology influences political party support across Western Europe more than populist views","slug":"left-right-ideology-influences-political-party-support-across-western-europe-more-than-populist-views","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/left-right-ideology-influences-political-party-support-across-western-europe-more-than-populist-views\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":28868,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},{"id":28857,"title":"Methodology","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":10},{"id":28914,"title":"Appendix A: Defining the groups","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-a-defining-the-groups","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-a-defining-the-groups\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11},{"id":28881,"title":"Appendix B: Classifying the parties","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-b-classifying-the-parties\/","is_active":true,"page_num":12},{"id":28900,"title":"Appendix C: References","slug":"western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-c-references","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2018\/07\/12\/western-europe-political-ideology-appendix-c-references\/","is_active":false,"page_num":13}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"In Western Europe, Populist Parties Tap Anti-Establishment Frustration but Have Little Appeal Across Ideological Divide","parent_id":29004},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Western Europe: People Favor Political Parties Based on Ideological Beliefs","description":"Regardless of populist sentiments, anti-establishment frustration and the rise of populism in Western Europe, people tend to favor parties that reflect their own ideological orientation.","og_title":"Appendix B: Classifying the parties","og_description":"","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":{"formats":458,"regions-countries":514,"research-teams":525},"custom_schema":[],"og_image":"37628","indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"prepublish_checks":{"prc-image-alt-text":{"status":"complete","message":"All images have alt text.","data":null},"prc-about-this-research":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add an \"About this research\" details block.","data":null},"prc-paragraph-count":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 5 paragraphs.","data":{"count":5}},"prc-internal-link":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 1 internal link.","data":{"count":1}}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[],"bylinesOrdered":[{"key":"e0b22c251cb5fa2998ffdfd1950ff4bf","termId":841},{"key":"5bd834fffbc39e752b70de850760ca10","termId":954},{"key":"92608bcb5be386c1796204776e144257","termId":868},{"key":"c606c8fe923eb3954a7e40e61760b2c7","termId":937}],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28881"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":187002,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28881\/revisions\/187002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"level_of_effort","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level_of_effort?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"primary_audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/primary_audience?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"information_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/information_type?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=28881"},{"taxonomy":"workflow-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/workflow-status?post=28881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}