{"id":28702,"date":"2019-01-22T09:52:20","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T14:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2019\/01\/22\/educational-attainment-methodology-high0skilled-immigration\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T00:10:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T05:10:09","slug":"educational-attainment-methodology-high0skilled-immigration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/educational-attainment-methodology-high0skilled-immigration\/","title":{"rendered":"Educational attainment methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data on the educational attainment level of populations for advanced economies (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/Issues\/2016\/12\/31\/Adjusting-to-Lower-Commodity-Prices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Monetary Fund\u2019s 2015 list<\/a>) with immigrant populations of 500,000 or more and an immigrant share of about 10% or greater in 2015 are based on United Nations <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates17.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data<\/a>. Education data were collected and harmonized between 2016 and 2018.[5. numoffset=&#8221;5&#8243; Hong Kong was not included as most of its immigrants are from China; they are considered by some as not being international migrants.] Data used in this report were obtained from publicly available online sources, micro-data approved for use by Pew Research Center, and customized tabulations provided by national statistical offices.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unless otherwise noted, figures in this report are based on 2015 populations ages 25 years and older. Also, in most countries, <a href=\"http:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011<\/a> education levels are used for categorizing educational attainment. Categories include level 2 or lower (less than secondary), 3 (secondary) and 4 or higher (postsecondary). Below is a list of data sources for each country, as well as country-specific assumptions.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respondents in censuses and surveys not indicating their place of birth or education level are not included.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immigrants are those born outside of the country, even if they were born to citizen parents living outside of the country or born in territories outside of these countries (for example, American citizens in Puerto Rico, UK citizens born in UK territories, French citizens born in French overseas departments).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most data are from 2015, but data were unavailable for some countries for that year. Since characteristics of migrant populations do not change dramatically in a single year, slight differences in years are assumed to be minor.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"australia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Australia<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australia Survey of Education and Work (2015) accessed as customized tables provided by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Australian Bureau of Statistics<\/a>. \u201cYear 11 or under\u201d is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cYear 12 or equivalent\u201d is considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cAdvanced diploma\/Diploma\/Certificate III &amp; IV\u201d and \u201cBachelor degree or higher\u201d is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>. The analysis in this report for Australia covers adults ages 25 to 74.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"austria\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Austria<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"belgium\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Belgium<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"canada\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Canada<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2016) accessed as customized data tables provided by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/eng\/start\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistics Canada<\/a>. \u201cNo certificate\u201d is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cHigh school completed\u201d and \u201cHigh school graduate, some postsecondary\u201d is considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cPostsecondary certificate, diploma or degree\u201d is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decennial figures are from the Canadian census provided via <a href=\"https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPUMS International<\/a> for years 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"denmark\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Denmark<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Population register (2015) from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statbank.dk\/statbank5a\/default.asp?w=1680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistics Denmark<\/a>, accessed as online tables in June 2018. \u201cPrimary education\u201d is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>, \u201cUpper secondary education\u201d is considered <em>secondary<\/em>, \u201cVocational Education and Training, Qualifying educational programmes, short cycle higher education, vocational bachelors educations, bachelors programmes, masters programmes, PhD programmes\u201d is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>. The analysis in this report for Denmark covers adults ages 25 to 69.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"france\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">France<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015). Those living in French Overseas Departments are not included in figures. In the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/documents\/1978984\/6037342\/Country-codification-from-2012-onwards.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Labor Force Survey<\/a> those born outside of France, even in overseas departments, are categorized as immigrants.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decennial figures are from French censuses via <a href=\"https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPUMS International<\/a> for years 1968, 1982, 1990, and 1999. The year 2011 is based on combined data for 2009 to 2013, but unlike other years, includes those born in overseas departments.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"germany\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Germany<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Publicly available education shares (2015) from <a href=\"http:\/\/appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/nui\/show.do?dataset=edat_lfs_9912&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat<\/a> based on Germany\u2019s Labor Force Survey were applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 numbers, 2015 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates). \u201cLess than primary, primary and lower secondary education\u201d (ISCED 2011 levels 0 to 2) is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cUpper secondary and postsecondary non-tertiary education\u201d (ISCED 2011 levels 3 and 4) is considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cTertiary completed (ISCED 2011 levels 5 to 8) is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>. The analysis in this report for Germany covers adults ages 25 to 74.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"greece\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Greece<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"ireland\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ireland<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"israel\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Israel<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Israel Labor Force Survey (2015) accessed as customized tables of population estimates provided by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbs.gov.il\/he\/pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Israel\u2019s Central Bureau of Statistics<\/a>. Education levels based on ISCED 1997.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"italy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Italy<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"netherlands\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Netherlands<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"new-zealand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">New Zealand<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">New Zealand census (2013) accessed as customized tables provided by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stats.govt.nz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistics New Zealand<\/a> for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand license. \u201cNo qualification\u201d is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cSchool qualification\u201d is considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cVocational qualification and university\u201d is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"norway\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Norway<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Population register (2015) data from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/en\/utdanning\/statistikker\/utniv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistics Norway<\/a>, accessed as online tables in October 2016. \u201cNo education\u201d is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cUpper secondary education\u201d is considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cTertiary vocational education, higher education long and short\u201d is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"singapore\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Singapore<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Singapore census (2010) accessed as customized tables provided by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.singstat.gov.sg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Singapore Department of Statistics<\/a>. Highest qualification achieved of \u201cno qualification, primary, lower secondary\u201d considered as <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cSecondary\u201d considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cPostsecondary, polytechnic, professional qualification and other diploma and university\u201d considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>. Figures do not include non-permanent migrants, a population that could result in an additional population of a million or more. The analysis in this report for Singapore covers non-students ages 15 and older.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"spain\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spain<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"sweden\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sweden<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Population register (2015) from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se\/pxweb\/en\/ssd\/START__UF__UF0506\/UtbSUNBef\/?rxid=30f915d7-af7a-4ed6-98a6-fb03c121bfcf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistics Sweden<\/a>, accessed as online tables in October 2016. ISCED 1997 categories of \u201c1 and 2\u201d considered less than secondary, \u201c3C and 3A\u201d considered secondary and \u201c4 or higher\u201d considered postsecondary. The analysis in this report for Sweden covers adults ages 25 to 74.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"switzerland\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Switzerland<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"united-kingdom\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">United Kingdom<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labor Force Survey (2015) education-level shares from <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-labour-force-survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eurostat micro-data<\/a> applied to foreign-born and native-born population counts in 2015 from the United Nations Population Division (2017 revision of <a href=\"https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Population Prospects<\/a> for 2015 population numbers, 2017 revision of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/data\/estimates2\/estimates15.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN migrant stock<\/a> estimates for 2015).<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"united-states\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">United States<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2015 figure is from the American Community Survey (2015) accessed via <a href=\"https:\/\/usa.ipums.org\/usa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPUMS<\/a>. \u201cNo schooling\u201d through \u201c12th grade, no diploma\u201d is considered <em>less than secondary<\/em>. \u201cRegular high school diploma, GED, some college, 1 or more years of college credit, but no degree\u201d is considered <em>secondary<\/em>. \u201cAssociate\u2019s, Bachelor\u2019s, Master\u2019s, professional and Doctoral degree\u201d is considered <em>postsecondary<\/em>. Person weights provided by IPUMS used to compute population counts by nativity and education levels.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decennial figures are from the U.S. decennial census provided via <a href=\"https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPUMS International<\/a> for years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010. Postsecondary technical education considered some college.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data on the educational attainment level of populations for advanced economies (International Monetary Fund\u2019s 2015 list) with immigrant populations of 500,000 or more and an immigrant share of about 10% or greater in 2015 are based on United Nations data. Education data were collected and harmonized between 2016 and 2018.[5. numoffset=&#8221;5&#8243; Hong Kong was not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[234,361,27,129],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[525],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-28702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-workplace","category-education","category-immigration-migration","category-immigration-attitudes","formats-report","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":28727,"word_count":1275,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/educational-attainment-methodology-high0skilled-immigration\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":37054,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":37054,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":37054,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":37054,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":37054,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":37054,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/01\/GMD_19.01.22_HighSkill-Immigration_Featured-Image-jpg.webp?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":28727,"title":"Majority of U.S. Public Supports High-Skilled Immigration","slug":"majority-of-u-s-public-supports-high-skilled-immigration","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/majority-of-u-s-public-supports-high-skilled-immigration\/","is_active":false},{"id":28716,"title":"Acknowledgements","slug":"acknowledgements-high-skilled-education","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/acknowledgements-high-skilled-education\/","is_active":false},{"id":28708,"title":"Survey methodology","slug":"survey-methodology-high-skilled-immigration","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/survey-methodology-high-skilled-immigration\/","is_active":false},{"id":28702,"title":"Educational attainment methodology","slug":"educational-attainment-methodology-high0skilled-immigration","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/educational-attainment-methodology-high0skilled-immigration\/","is_active":true},{"id":28692,"title":"Appendix A: References","slug":"appendix-a-references-high-skilled-immigration","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/01\/22\/appendix-a-references-high-skilled-immigration\/","is_active":false},{"id":28697,"title":"Appendix B: Detailed demographic 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