{"id":28529,"date":"2019-12-05T09:59:24","date_gmt":"2019-12-05T14:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2019\/12\/05\/appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T03:56:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T08:56:34","slug":"appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Appendix: Factors that influence views of China"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Factors<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

In this report, we explored factors related to people\u2019s perceptions of China for a subset of 15 non-European countries. To do this, we performed a multilevel regression analysis predicting favorable views of China as a function of people\u2019s attitudes about economic issues in their country and toward China\u2019s influence, as well as their demographic characteristics. We used Stata\u2019s melogit function to estimate a weighted, mixed-effect logistic model with random intercepts by country and robust standard errors. In addition to this pooled model, we evaluated the robustness of the results by estimating the model for each country separately. These country-specific models yielded similar conclusions.<\/p>\n\n

Favorable views of China is the dichotomous dependent variable, where 1 denotes that someone has a favorable view (those who say they have a very or somewhat favorable opinion) and 0 an unfavorable view (those who say they have a very or somewhat unfavorable<\/em> opinion). At the individual level, the independent, or predictor, variables include evaluations of the current domestic economic situation; seeing China as the leading economic power; saying China\u2019s growing military or economy is a good thing; thinking China\u2019s economic influence in a country is good; having positive views about foreign companies buying domestic companies or building factories in a country; saying current bilateral economic ties with China are good; and being above the country-level median (among these 15 countries) for buying Chinese exports. We also looked at demographic variables, including age and education.<\/p>\n\n

Overall, we find that favorable views of China have a strong association with both generally positive orientations toward global economic commerce and more specific evaluations of China\u2019s economic role in the world. Holding other variables constant, someone who thinks their country\u2019s current economic ties with China are good are 21% more likely than someone who thinks they are bad to have a favorable view of China (63.5% vs. 42.2%, respectively). Likewise, a person who says they see China\u2019s growing economy as a good thing for their country has a 64% chance of holding a generally positive opinion of China, versus just 47% who say China\u2019s economy is bad for them. In addition to China-specific attitudes, individuals who say their own national economy is doing well are, on average, 7 percentage points more likely to express favorable views of China than those who are pessimistic about their own economy (60.8% vs. 53.4%, respectively).<\/p>\n\n

Demographically, younger adults tend to be more favorable toward China, on average, than older adults. The relationship between educational attainment and views of China is relatively small, however, and not statistically significant in this case. But those who said they do not know to any questions are excluded from the model, and \u201cdon\u2019t know\u201d responses tend to be related to factors like education in some countries.<\/p>\n\n

At the country level, trade affects views of China. Individuals from countries that score above the sample median of the log amount of Chinese exports a country buys have more negative views of their trading partner. More exports from China leads to lower probability of favorable views of China by 21%, on average.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this report, we explored factors related to people\u2019s perceptions of China for a subset of 15 non-European countries. To do this, we performed a multilevel regression analysis predicting favorable views of China as a function of people\u2019s attitudes about economic issues in their country and toward China\u2019s influence, as well as their demographic characteristics. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":578,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[525],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-28529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-defense-national-security","formats-report","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":28559,"word_count":508,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":36737,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":36737,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":36737,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":36737,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":36737,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":36737,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_featured-jpg.webp?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":28559,"title":"China\u2019s Economic Growth Mostly Welcomed in Emerging Markets, but Neighbors Wary of Its Influence","slug":"chinas-economic-growth-mostly-welcomed-in-emerging-markets-but-neighbors-wary-of-its-influence","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/chinas-economic-growth-mostly-welcomed-in-emerging-markets-but-neighbors-wary-of-its-influence\/","is_active":false},{"id":28546,"title":"1. Views of the balance of power between U.S. and China","slug":"views-of-the-balance-of-power-between-u-s-and-china-2019","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/views-of-the-balance-of-power-between-u-s-and-china-2019\/","is_active":false},{"id":28537,"title":"2. Attitudes toward China","slug":"attitudes-toward-china-2019","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/attitudes-toward-china-2019\/","is_active":false},{"id":28529,"title":"Appendix: Factors that influence views of China","slug":"appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china\/","is_active":true},{"id":28517,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"balance-of-power-2019-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/balance-of-power-2019-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":28508,"title":"Methodology","slug":"balance-of-power-2019-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/balance-of-power-2019-methodology\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"0e805386-5ee5-42b4-864b-455fec7e13f9","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_FINAL.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"199036bd-5af5-4c5b-9883-c7e0eed2ed0f","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_TOPLINE.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"8b372392-b41f-4c8d-872b-2430cd02c5cd","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/12\/PG_2019.12.05_Balance-of-Power_Topline-Supplemental.xlsx","label":"Supplemental Topline","icon":"topline","attachmentId":""},{"type":"dataset","id":1016,"label":"Spring 2019 Survey Data","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/spring-2019-survey-data\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":28529,"title":"Appendix: Factors that influence views of China","slug":"appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china\/","is_active":true,"page_num":4},"next_post":{"id":28517,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"balance-of-power-2019-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/balance-of-power-2019-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},"previous_post":{"id":28537,"title":"2. Attitudes toward China","slug":"attitudes-toward-china-2019","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/attitudes-toward-china-2019\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},"pagination_items":[{"id":28559,"title":"China\u2019s Economic Growth Mostly Welcomed in Emerging Markets, but Neighbors Wary of Its Influence","slug":"chinas-economic-growth-mostly-welcomed-in-emerging-markets-but-neighbors-wary-of-its-influence","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/chinas-economic-growth-mostly-welcomed-in-emerging-markets-but-neighbors-wary-of-its-influence\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":28546,"title":"1. Views of the balance of power between U.S. and China","slug":"views-of-the-balance-of-power-between-u-s-and-china-2019","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/views-of-the-balance-of-power-between-u-s-and-china-2019\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":28537,"title":"2. Attitudes toward China","slug":"attitudes-toward-china-2019","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/attitudes-toward-china-2019\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":28529,"title":"Appendix: Factors that influence views of China","slug":"appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/appendix-factors-that-influence-views-of-china\/","is_active":true,"page_num":4},{"id":28517,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"balance-of-power-2019-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/balance-of-power-2019-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":28508,"title":"Methodology","slug":"balance-of-power-2019-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2019\/12\/05\/balance-of-power-2019-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"China\u2019s Economic Growth Mostly Welcomed in Emerging Markets, but Neighbors Wary of Its Influence","parent_id":28559},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Appendix: Factors that influence views of China","description":"In this report, we explored factors related to people\u2019s perceptions of China for a subset of 15 non-European countries. To do this, we performed a multilevel regression analysis predicting favorable…","og_title":"Appendix: Factors that influence views of China","og_description":"","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":[],"custom_schema":[],"og_image":36737,"indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"prepublish_checks":{"prc-image-alt-text":{"status":"complete","message":"All images have alt text.","data":null},"prc-about-this-research":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add an \"About this research\" details block.","data":null},"prc-paragraph-count":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 5 paragraphs.","data":{"count":5}},"prc-internal-link":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 1 internal link.","data":{"count":1}}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[],"bylinesOrdered":[],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/578"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28529"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120006,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28529\/revisions\/120006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"level_of_effort","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level_of_effort?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"primary_audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/primary_audience?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"information_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/information_type?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=28529"},{"taxonomy":"workflow-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/workflow-status?post=28529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}