{"id":279543,"date":"2025-11-18T09:57:24","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T14:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=279543"},"modified":"2025-11-19T15:42:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T20:42:37","slug":"how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"b2a496\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #b2a496;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-279815 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=720,405 720w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=200,113 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=260,146 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=310,174 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=740,416 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=540,304 540w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=564,317 564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=1128,634 1128w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=690,388 690w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=268,151 268w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=536,302 536w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=194,110 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=148,84 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?resize=296,168 296w\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A 4-year-old boy picks out a bandage before getting vaccinated in San Jose, California, in 2022. (Jane Tyska\/Digital First Media\/The Mercury News via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-61b01db2 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>How we did this<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand Americans\u2019 views on childhood vaccines, vaccine research and vaccine policy. For this analysis, we surveyed 5,111 adults from Oct. 20 to 26, 2025. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), a group of people recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses who have agreed to take surveys regularly. This kind of recruitment gives nearly all U.S. adults a chance of selection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interviews were conducted either online or by telephone with a live interviewer. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education, presidential vote (among voters) and other factors. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">Read more about the ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_questionnaire.pdf\">questions used for this report<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_topline.pdf\">topline<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-methodology\/\">survey methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-takeaways\">Key takeaways<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A majority of Americans (63%) are highly confident that childhood vaccines are effective at preventing serious illness. And majorities say these vaccines protect both vaccinated children (69%) and the wider community (65%), though larger shares of Democrats than Republicans hold these views.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By comparison, smaller shares of U.S. adults \u2013 and Republicans in particular \u2013 are extremely or very confident that childhood vaccines have gotten enough safety testing (53%) or that the vaccine schedule is safe (51%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overwhelming majorities of both Democrats (92%) and Republicans (78%) say the benefits of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine outweigh the risks. Still, among Republicans, this share is down from 91% in 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Republican support for MMR vaccine school requirements also continues to slip, from 79% in 2019 to 52% today.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Democrats are far more likely than Republicans to say medical scientists should have a major role in childhood vaccine policy decisions. In turn, Republicans are much more likely than Democrats to say parents of young children should have a major role.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a year that has seen&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/09\/18\/nx-s1-5542082\/cdc-acip-vaccine-hepatitis-b-mmrv\">evolving federal vaccine recommendations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/publichealth.jhu.edu\/ivac\/2025\/us-measles-cases-hit-highest-level-since-declared-eliminated-in-2000\">historic measles outbreaks<\/a>, 63% of Americans have high confidence in the effectiveness of childhood vaccines. But trust dips somewhat when it comes to their safety testing (53%) and schedule (51%). This drop-off is especially pronounced among Republicans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279659\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d4dadf\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d4dadf;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"355\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Majority of Americans are confident that childhood vaccines are highly effective against serious illness\" class=\"wp-image-279659 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=300,254 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=768,649 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=479,405 479w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=200,169 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=260,220 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=310,262 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=420,355 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=640,541 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=740,625 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=160,135 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-01.png?resize=320,270 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A new Pew Research Center survey asked Americans about their views on childhood vaccines, vaccine research and related policy. This study builds on the Center\u2019s broader work tracking Americans\u2019 attitudes about <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/science\/science-issues\/medicine-health\/vaccines\/\">vaccines<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/science\/trust-in-science\/\">trust in science<\/a>. This analysis covers findings on the following topics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-and-safety\">Confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness and safety<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#views-of-mmr-vaccine-safety-and-school-requirements\">Views of MMR vaccine safety and school requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#What-influences-medical-scientists\u2019-research-on-childhood-vaccines\">What influences medical scientists\u2019 research on childhood vaccines?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#who-should-influence-childhood-vaccine-policy\">Who should influence childhood vaccine policy?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#to-what-extent-do-childhood-vaccines-protect-children-and-communities\">To what extent do childhood vaccines protect children and communities?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related:<\/em> <\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/11\/18\/have-changes-to-cdc-guidelines-influenced-americans-covid-19-vaccine-decisions\/\">How have changes to CDC recommendations influenced Americans\u2019 COVID-19 vaccine decisions?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-and-safety&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-and-safety\"><strong>Confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness and safety<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A majority of Americans (63%) are extremely or very confident that childhood vaccines are highly effective at preventing serious illness<em>, <\/em>with Democrats and Democrat-leaners much more likely than Republicans and Republican-leaners to express a high level of confidence (80% vs. 48%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279660\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c3cdd5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c3cdd5;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"554\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness and safety\" class=\"wp-image-279660 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=227,300 227w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=768,1013 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=776,1024 776w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=307,405 307w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=200,264 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=260,343 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=310,409 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=420,554 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=640,844 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=740,976 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=160,211 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-02.png?resize=320,422 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Overall, there\u2019s somewhat less certainty, and more <em>uncertainty<\/em>, about these vaccines\u2019 safety testing and schedule <\/strong>\u2013 that is, the timing and number of vaccines children get. About half of Americans are extremely or very confident that childhood vaccines have been tested enough for safety (53%) or that the schedule is safe (51%). On the flip side, about one-in-five are not too or not at all confident in either.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This doubt is heavily driven by Republicans, who are divided between high and low confidence in childhood vaccine safety.<\/strong> For instance, 32% of Republicans have high confidence in the vaccine schedule\u2019s safety, and 31% have low confidence. Democrats are much more aligned: 71% have high confidence and 7% have low confidence in the schedule\u2019s safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"views-by-demographic-group\">Views by demographic group<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> Across all three vaccine dimensions we asked about, <strong>older adults are somewhat more likely than younger ones to trust childhood vaccines.<\/strong> For example, 63% of people ages 65 and older express high confidence in vaccine safety testing, compared with about half of adults under 50 (49%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Race and ethnicity:<\/strong> Asian (70%) and White (66%) adults are more likely to be highly confident childhood vaccines are effective against serious illness, compared with Black (54%) and Hispanic (58%) adults. When it comes to trust in their safety testing and schedule, Asian adults are more likely than other racial or ethnic groups to be extremely or very confident.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Education:<\/strong> Adults with more education are more likely than those with less education to express trust in the effectiveness, safety and schedule of childhood vaccines. For example, two-thirds of adults with a postgraduate degree say they are highly confident in the vaccine schedule, compared with less than half of those who have a high school education or less (44%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>But low confidence in vaccine safety testing and the schedule is not limited to adults with a high school degree or less.<\/strong> For example, similar shares of Americans with a four-year college degree (19%), some college (21%) or high school degree or less (19%) are not too or not at all confident in the vaccine schedule\u2019s safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279661\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c9d3db\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c9d3db;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"600\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?w=640\" alt=\"Chart shows Higher confidence in childhood vaccines among older Americans and those with more education\" class=\"wp-image-279661 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=300,281 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=768,720 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=1024,960 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=432,405 432w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=200,188 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=260,244 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=310,291 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=420,394 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=640,600 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=740,694 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=160,150 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-03.png?resize=320,300 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Parents of children under age 18, <\/strong>who are in the thick of childhood vaccine decisions, are slightly more likely than adults without minor children to have low confidence in the effectiveness, safety testing and schedule of these vaccines. For example, 24% of parents have low confidence in the safety of the childhood vaccine schedule, compared with 17% of adults who don\u2019t have minor children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For more on parents\u2019 views on childhood vaccines, refer to this additional analysis: <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule\/\">Parents\u2019 confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness, safety testing and schedule<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-of-mmr-vaccine-safety-and-school-requirements&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"views-of-mmr-vaccine-safety-and-school-requirements\">Views of MMR vaccine safety and school requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U.S. measles cases in 2025 reached their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/measles\/data-research\/index.html\">highest level in more than two decades<\/a>, with the vast majority of reported cases occurring among unvaccinated people. The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been part of routine child immunization in the United States <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/history-disease-outbreaks-vaccine-timeline\/measles\">since the 1970s<\/a>. But the <a href=\"https:\/\/publichealth.jhu.edu\/ivac\/2025\/across-the-us-childhood-vaccination-rates-continue-to-decline\">share of children receiving it<\/a> has dipped in recent years, according to CDC data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279662\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ced7e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ced7e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"592\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows 84% of Americans say the benefits of the MMR vaccine outweigh the risks\" class=\"wp-image-279662 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=213,300 213w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=768,1083 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=726,1024 726w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=287,405 287w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=200,282 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=260,366 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=310,437 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=420,592 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=640,902 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=740,1043 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=160,226 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-04.png?resize=320,451 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, <strong>Americans\u2019 positive views on the MMR vaccine have largely held since we first started asking about this in 2016.<\/strong> A solid majority (84%) says its benefits outweigh its risks. And seven-in-ten say the vaccine\u2019s preventative health benefits are high or very high, while just 15% say the same about the risk of side effects. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overwhelming majorities of both Democrats (92%) and Republicans (78%) say that the MMR vaccine\u2019s benefits outweigh its risks. Yet Republicans are more likely than Democrats to rate the risk of side effects as high (20% vs. 9%) and less likely to say the preventative health benefits are high (62% vs. 80%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279663\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeedea\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeedea;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"485\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Since 2019, Republicans and Democrats have diverged in their views of the MMR vaccine\" class=\"wp-image-279663 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=260,300 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=768,887 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=351,405 351w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=200,231 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=310,358 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=420,485 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=640,739 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=740,855 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=160,185 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-05.png?resize=320,370 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And Republicans have grown less positive about the MMR vaccine over time. In 2016, 75% of Republicans rated its preventive health benefits of highly, compared with 62% today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-appendix\/\">appendix<\/a> for views of the MMR vaccine by demographic group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"school-mmr-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">School MMR requirements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The MMR vaccine is currently required for children to enter public school <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/state-health-policy-data\/state-indicator\/state-vaccine-requirements-for-children\/?currentTimeframe=0&amp;sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D\">in every state<\/a>, but school vaccine policies have been a flashpoint of debate as Florida plans to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/healthcare-pharmaceuticals\/florida-plans-end-all-state-vaccine-mandates-including-schools-2025-09-03\/\">eliminate school vaccine requirements<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 2016, a vast majority of U.S. adults have said healthy children should be required to get the vaccine to attend public school because of the potential risks for others when children are not vaccinated. <strong>But support for school MMR requirements dropped from 82% in 2019 to 69% in 2025.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This decline is largely because of a steep slide in support among Republicans. <\/strong>In 2019, before the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/\">COVID-19 pandemic<\/a>, 79% of Republicans said healthy children should be required to get the MMR vaccine to attend school. This share sunk to 57% in 2023, then to 52% in 2025. In contrast, Democrats\u2019 views on school MMR requirements have remained stable, with solid majority support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For views on school vaccine requirements by demographic group, refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-appendix\/\">appendix<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279664\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0dcde\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0dcde;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"522\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?w=640\" alt=\"Chart shows Republican support for public school MMR vaccine requirements continues to slide\" class=\"wp-image-279664 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=300,245 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=768,626 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=1024,835 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=497,405 497w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=200,163 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=260,212 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=310,253 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=420,343 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=640,522 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=740,604 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=160,131 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-06.png?resize=320,261 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;what-influences-medical-scientists-research-on-childhood-vaccines&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-influences-medical-scientists-research-on-childhood-vaccines\">What influences medical scientists\u2019 research on childhood vaccines?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond trust in childhood vaccines, this survey also looks at Americans\u2019 impressions of the scientists who study them. Previous Center research has found that U.S. adults <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2024\/11\/14\/trust-in-science-2024-appendix\/ps_2024-11-14_trust-in-science_a-02\/\">largely trust medical scientists<\/a> to act in the public\u2019s interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279665\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c5d0d8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c5d0d8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"605\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Views of what influences medical scientists\u2019 childhood vaccine research findings differs by party\" class=\"wp-image-279665 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=208,300 208w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=768,1106 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=711,1024 711w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=281,405 281w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=200,288 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=260,375 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=310,447 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=420,605 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=640,922 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=740,1066 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=160,230 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-07.png?resize=320,461 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to research on childhood vaccine risks and benefits, a vast majority (87%) say medical scientists\u2019 findings are <strong>influenced by the best available scientific evidence<\/strong> either most of the time (49%) or some of the time (38%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, 85% say their research is <strong>influenced by concern for the best interests of children\u2019s health <\/strong>at least some of the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majorities also see the interests of <strong>pharmaceutical companies<\/strong> (77%) and scientists\u2019 own <strong>political leanings<\/strong> (64%) as influential at least some of the time. Smaller shares say these factors influence childhood vaccine research <em>most<\/em> of the time, compared with the role of scientific evidence and concern for children\u2019s health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partisans disagree about how often these factors influence medical scientists\u2019 research:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Democrats are much more likely than Republicans to say scientists are influenced most of the time by the best available scientific evidence (66% vs. 35%) and by the best interests of children\u2019s health (62% vs. 34%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say scientists are influenced most of the time by the interests of pharmaceutical companies (45% vs. 22%) or by their own political leanings (29% vs. 14%). The shares of Republicans saying medical scientists are influenced this much by concern for children and the best scientific evidence have dropped since 2016 (-18 and -13 percentage points, respectively).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;who-should-influence-childhood-vaccine-policy&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"who-should-influence-childhood-vaccine-policy\">Who should influence childhood vaccine policy?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many groups \u2013 from scientists to parents to government and heads of industry \u2013 have a stake in childhood vaccine policy. How much influence do Americans think they should have?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279666\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c3ced6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c3ced6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"476\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows 73% of U.S. adults say scientists should have a major role in policy decisions about childhood vaccines\" class=\"wp-image-279666 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=265,300 265w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=768,870 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=357,405 357w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=200,227 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=260,295 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=310,351 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=420,476 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=640,725 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=740,839 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=160,181 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-08.png?resize=320,363 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Americans largely say medical scientists should play a major role in childhood vaccine policy.<\/strong> Roughly three-quarters say scientists should have a major role in these decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A smaller majority (59%) see a major role for <strong>parents of young children <\/strong>in vaccine policy decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Around four-in-ten or fewer say the general public (37%), federal officials (27%), state officials (26%), pharmaceutical leaders (25%) or health insurance providers (17%) should play a major role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About half of Americans say <strong>health insurance company leaders should<\/strong> <strong>have <em>no<\/em> role<\/strong> in making decisions on childhood vaccine policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"views-by-party\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views by party<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Previous Center work has found that Democrats are more likely than Republicans to support scientists playing an active role in <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2024\/11\/14\/public-trust-in-scientists-and-views-on-their-role-in-policymaking\/ps_2024-11-14_trust-in-science_00-08\/\">policy debates about scientific issues<\/a>. Similarly, a much larger share of Democrats (85%) than Republicans (62%) say medical scientists should have a major role in decisions about childhood vaccine policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279667\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f2f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f2f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"547\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Far more Republicans than Democrats say parents with young children should have a major role in policy decisions about childhood vaccines\" class=\"wp-image-279667 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=230,300 230w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=768,1000 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=786,1024 786w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=311,405 311w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=200,260 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=260,339 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=310,404 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=420,547 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=640,834 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=740,964 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=160,208 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-09.png?resize=320,417 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views are reversed when it comes to the role of parents with young children. <strong>Republicans are far more likely than Democrats to say parents of young children should have a major role <\/strong>in policy decisions about childhood vaccines (71% vs. 46%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are smaller partisan differences for the other groups we asked about. For example, 44% of Republicans say the general public should play a major role, compared with 30% of Democrats. And small shares in both parties say health insurance company leaders should have a major role (14% Republicans and 18% Democrats).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"views-by-education\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views by education<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Adults with more education are more likely to say medical scientists should have a major role in childhood vaccine policy decisions.<\/strong> Americans with a postgraduate degree (86%) overwhelmingly hold this view, compared with a smaller majority among those who have a high school education or less (65%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adults with a high school education or less are more likely than those with at least a four-year college degree to support a major role for parents with young children (68% vs. 49%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;to-what-extent-do-childhood-vaccines-protect-children-and-communities&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"to-what-extent-do-childhood-vaccines-protect-children-and-communities\">To what extent do childhood vaccines protect children and communities?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vaccines can protect a vaccinated child from serious illness, but broad vaccine coverage also protects the wider community \u2013 a concept often called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/historyofvaccines.org\/vaccines-101\/what-do-vaccines-do\/how-herd-immunity-works\">herd immunity<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mirroring their overall confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness, majorities of U.S. adults see both of these preventive qualities. About seven-in-ten say childhood vaccines help prevent serious illness among vaccinated children a great deal or quite a bit. A similar share (65%) say the same about vaccines protecting everybody in the local community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both parties share these attitudes at least somewhat, though they are more common among Democrats than Republicans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=279668\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ccd3db\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ccd3db;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"468\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows About two-thirds of Americans say childhood vaccines help protect both vaccinated children and the local community from serious illness\" class=\"wp-image-279668 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=269,300 269w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=768,856 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=363,405 363w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=200,223 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=260,290 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=310,345 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=420,468 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=640,713 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=740,825 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=160,178 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_0-010.png?resize=320,357 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Democrats overwhelmingly think childhood vaccines do a lot to prevent illness among children (82%) and across the local community (80%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Republicans\u2019 views are more tepid: 57% say these vaccines do a lot to protect vaccinated children, while 52% say they do a lot to protect the community. Roughly one-in-ten say childhood vaccines <em>do not help much or at all<\/em> on these fronts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Older adults and those with more education are more likely than younger and those with less education to say childhood vaccines protect both vaccinated children and the broader community, though majorities across age and education groups still say this is the case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A majority of Americans say childhood vaccines are effective at preventing illness, but slightly fewer are confident that the vaccine schedule is safe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":279815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"Nearly two-thirds have high confidence in vaccine effectiveness, and about half trust their safety testing and schedule; Republican support for school vaccine requirements continues to slide","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","bylines":[{"key":"_cvzlxw7oc","termId":2365},{"key":"_7hv7p45ut","termId":569},{"key":"_2r0cqb8lx","termId":541}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[{"key":"_eavnfxi69","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","attachmentId":279939},{"key":"_ji6thbzvx","type":"questionnaire","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_questionnaire.pdf","label":"Questionnaire","attachmentId":279740},{"key":"_bi9y0udof","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_topline.pdf","label":"Topline","attachmentId":279741}],"multiSectionReport":[{"key":"_uj7vo3pus","postId":279549},{"key":"_qvqee9qsk","postId":279553},{"key":"_sxla4kgcp","postId":279555},{"key":"_yrcjcwrif","postId":279561}],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[105,267,33,261,256,269],"tags":[],"bylines":[2365,569,541],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[518],"class_list":["post-279543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-policy","category-medicine-health","category-science","category-science-issues","category-trust-in-science","category-vaccines","bylines-eileen-yam","bylines-emma-kikuchi","bylines-isabelle-pula","formats-report","research-teams-science"],"label":false,"post_parent":0,"word_count":2085,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":279815,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":279815,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":279815,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":279815,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A1":{"id":279815,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":279815,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":279543,"title":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?","slug":"how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy\/","is_active":true},{"id":279549,"title":"Parents\u2019 confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness, safety testing and schedule","slug":"parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule\/","is_active":false},{"id":279553,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"childhood-vaccines-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":279555,"title":"Methodology","slug":"childhood-vaccines-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":279561,"title":"Appendix","slug":"childhood-vaccines-appendix","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-appendix\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_eavnfxi69","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","icon":"","attachmentId":279939},{"key":"_ji6thbzvx","type":"questionnaire","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_questionnaire.pdf","label":"Questionnaire","attachmentId":279740},{"key":"_bi9y0udof","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_topline.pdf","label":"Topline","attachmentId":279741}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":279543,"title":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?","slug":"how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy\/","is_active":true,"page_num":1},"next_post":{"id":279549,"title":"Parents\u2019 confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness, safety testing and schedule","slug":"parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},"previous_post":null,"pagination_items":[{"id":279543,"title":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?","slug":"how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/how-do-americans-view-childhood-vaccines-vaccine-research-and-policy\/","is_active":true,"page_num":1},{"id":279549,"title":"Parents\u2019 confidence in childhood vaccine effectiveness, safety testing and schedule","slug":"parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/parents-confidence-in-childhood-vaccine-effectiveness-safety-testing-and-schedule\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":279553,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"childhood-vaccines-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":279555,"title":"Methodology","slug":"childhood-vaccines-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":279561,"title":"Appendix","slug":"childhood-vaccines-appendix","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2025\/11\/18\/childhood-vaccines-appendix\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?","parent_id":279543},"materialsOrdered":[{"key":"_eavnfxi69","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","attachmentId":279939,"icon":""},{"key":"_ji6thbzvx","type":"questionnaire","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_questionnaire.pdf","label":"Questionnaire","attachmentId":279740},{"key":"_bi9y0udof","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_2025.11.18_childhood-vaccines_topline.pdf","label":"Topline","attachmentId":279741}],"chaptersOrdered":[{"key":"_uj7vo3pus","postId":279549},{"key":"_qvqee9qsk","postId":279553},{"key":"_sxla4kgcp","postId":279555},{"key":"_yrcjcwrif","postId":279561}],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?","description":"A majority of Americans say childhood vaccines are effective at preventing illness, but slightly fewer are confident that the vaccine schedule is safe.","og_title":"How Do Americans View Childhood Vaccines, Vaccine Research and Policy?","og_description":"A majority of Americans say childhood vaccines are effective at preventing illness, but slightly fewer are confident that the vaccine schedule is safe.","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":{"category":269,"formats":458,"research-teams":518},"custom_schema":[],"og_image":279815,"indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/11\/PS_25.11.18_ChildhoodVax_featured.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[],"bylinesOrdered":[{"key":"_cvzlxw7oc","termId":2365},{"key":"_7hv7p45ut","termId":569},{"key":"_2r0cqb8lx","termId":541}],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/581"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=279543"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280991,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279543\/revisions\/280991"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/279815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"level_of_effort","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level_of_effort?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"primary_audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/primary_audience?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"information_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/information_type?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=279543"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=279543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}