{"id":269901,"date":"2025-07-15T11:55:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T15:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=269901"},"modified":"2026-03-26T08:12:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T12:12:03","slug":"views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Views of China in middle-income countries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In nine&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/world-bank-country-classifications-by-income-level-for-2024-2025\">middle-income countries<\/a>, we asked additional questions about relations with China and the U.S.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>People in most of the middle-income countries surveyed say investment from China is more of a good thing than a bad thing for their nation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In four countries, people are more likely to describe investment from China as a good thing than to say the same about investment from the U.S. In India, the reverse is true.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Out of five specific issues we asked about, people are most likely to describe the debt their country owes to China as a very serious problem. Other problems \u2013 including economic competition with China \u2013 tend to be seen as less serious for their nation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In most countries and across most issues, people are more likely to describe problems with the U.S. as very serious than to say the same about problems with China, or otherwise view problems with the U.S. and China in a similar light.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-of-investment-from-china&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"views-of-investment-from-china\">Views of investment from China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=269998\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d8ded7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d8ded7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"512\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Majorities across sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America see Chinese investment positively\" class=\"wp-image-269998 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=246,300 246w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=768,936 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=332,405 332w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=200,244 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=260,317 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=310,378 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=420,512 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=640,780 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=740,902 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=160,195 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_01.png?resize=320,390 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across the nine middle-income nations surveyed,&nbsp;<strong>a median of 58% say investment from China is a good thing because it creates jobs in their country.<\/strong>&nbsp;In comparison, a median of 35% say such investment is a bad thing because it gives China too much influence over their domestic affairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kenyans are the most positive about investment from China: 71% see it as good for their country. Around six-in-ten adults or more agree in five other countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, people in Argentina and India are more likely to describe investment from China as bad than good. Opinions in Indonesia are roughly divided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"views-over-time\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views over time<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-200-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=270003\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ececeb\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ececeb;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" height=\"434\" width=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?w=200\" alt=\"A table showing Changing views of investment from China\" class=\"wp-image-270003 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png 400w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=138,300 138w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=187,405 187w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=200,434 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=260,564 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=310,673 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=147,320 147w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_02.png?resize=295,640 295w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evaluations of investment from China have changed in some countries since the question was last asked in 2019. For example, people in Turkey have become 20 points more likely to say investment from China is good for their country. Views have also turned more positive in Indonesia, Kenya and India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nigeria stands out as the only country that has soured on investment from China. The share of Nigerians who call it a good thing has declined 18 points since 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparing-views-of-investment-from-china-and-the-u-s\">Comparing views of investment from China and the U.S.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=270002\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"488\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?w=420\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that More describe Chinese investment than U.S. investment as good in 4 middle-income countries\" class=\"wp-image-270002 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f1; width:420px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=258,300 258w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=768,892 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=349,405 349w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=200,232 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=260,302 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=310,360 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=420,488 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=640,744 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=740,860 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=160,186 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_03.png?resize=320,372 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People see investment from China more favorably than investment from the U.S. in four of the nine countries where we asked these questions. For instance, Turks are 19 points more likely to say investment from China is good for their country than to say the same about investment from the U.S. Chinese investment also gets higher ratings in Mexico, Indonesia and South Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The opposite is true in India, where 33% say investment from China is a good thing, compared with 59% who say the same about investment from the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In four countries, investment from both countries is seen in a similar light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/07\/15\/how-people-in-9-middle-income-countries-see-relations-with-the-us-china\">How people in 9 middle-income countries see relations with the U.S., China<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-of-bilateral-issues-with-china&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"views-of-bilateral-issues-with-china\">Views of bilateral issues with China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the middle-income countries surveyed, we also asked about five potential problems that might exist in their relations with China. People were asked whether each issue is very serious, somewhat serious, not too serious or not at all serious.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=270001\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dee1ce\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dee1ce;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"442\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?w=420\" alt=\"A chart showing that the Debt owed to China is seen as a very serious problem in several middle-income countries\" class=\"wp-image-270001 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=285,300 285w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=768,808 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=385,405 385w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=200,210 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=260,274 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=310,326 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=420,442 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=640,674 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=740,779 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=160,168 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_04.png?resize=320,337 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, around half of adults or more tend to say each issue is at least&nbsp;<em>somewhat<\/em>&nbsp;serious. But far fewer describe each as&nbsp;<em>very<\/em>&nbsp;serious. (The latter responses are what we analyze here, consistent with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/06\/29\/negative-views-of-china-tied-to-critical-views-of-its-policies-on-human-rights\/\">our 2022 study based on a similar survey question<\/a>&nbsp;that was asked in high-income countries.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In five countries, people are most likely to describe&nbsp;<strong>the amount of debt their country owes to China<\/strong>&nbsp;as a very serious issue. These include Kenya, Indonesia, Nigeria and Brazil, where six-in-ten adults or more say debt to China is a very serious problem. Overall, a median of 50% across all nine middle-income countries consider debt to China a very serious problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aside from debt, no problem is seen as&nbsp;<em>very<\/em>&nbsp;serious by a majority in any country. In general, only around a third of adults or fewer see each of the other problems as very serious.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A median of 35% consider\u00a0<strong>China\u2019s military power<\/strong>\u00a0to be a very serious problem for their country. The shares describing China\u2019s military power as a very serious issue range from 50% in Brazil to 22% in Mexico.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A similar median of 34% consider\u00a0<strong>China\u2019s involvement in their country\u2019s politics<\/strong>\u00a0to be a very serious problem. This view is most widely held in Indonesia (45%) and Brazil (44%).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, people in Mexico (17%) and Turkey (18%) are the least likely to say China\u2019s involvement in their politics is a very serious problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 32% median consider&nbsp;<strong>economic competition with China&nbsp;<\/strong>to be a very serious problem. Again, these views are particularly common in Indonesia (49%) and Brazil (46%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>China\u2019s human rights policies&nbsp;<\/strong>tend to be one of the issues of least concern in the middle-income countries surveyed, with a median of 28% saying they are a very serious problem. In Brazil, 39% describe China\u2019s human rights policies as a very serious problem, but elsewhere, around a third of adults or fewer take this stance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People in India were additionally asked about&nbsp;<strong>China\u2019s territorial disputes with India,&nbsp;<\/strong>which 46% say are a very serious problem. This issue and China\u2019s military power concern Indians the most, labeled very serious problems by around four-in-ten or more. Their views of these territorial disputes are largely unchanged since we first asked this question in 2016: At that time, 45% called them a very serious problem. (Trend data for other countries is not available.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comparing-concerns-about-china-and-the-u-s\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing concerns about China and the U.S.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We asked these same questions about the U.S., too, and can compare what problems people see in their country\u2019s relationship with each superpower.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In most countries and across most issues, people are more likely to describe problems with the U.S. as very serious than to say the same about problems with China \u2013 or otherwise view them in a similar light.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=270000\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d3dad3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d3dad3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"540\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that U.S. human rights policies are seen as more of a problem than China\u2019s in some middle-income countries\" class=\"wp-image-270000 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=233,300 233w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=768,987 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=796,1024 796w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=315,405 315w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=200,257 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=260,334 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=310,399 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=420,540 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=640,823 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=740,951 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=160,206 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_05.png?resize=320,411 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, more adults in Mexico, South Africa and Turkey say U.S. human rights policies are a very serious problem for their country than say the same about Chinese human rights policies. In Mexico, this gap is particularly sizable at 20 points.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(The South African survey was conducted after President Donald Trump signed an executive order\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sabcnews.com\/sabcnews\/1036660-2\/\">halting U.S. aid to South Africa<\/a>, but before a group of White Afrikaners <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2025\/05\/12\/trump-afghanistan-south-africa-refugees\">arrived in the U.S. as refugees<\/a>. The survey was also conducted before South African President Cyril Ramaphosa\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/americas\/20250522-trump-showed-ramaphosa-a-photo-from-drc-as-proof-of-white-genocide-in-south-africa\">met with Trump<\/a>\u00a0at the White House.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Indonesia, Kenya, Brazil, Argentina and Nigeria, similar shares see each superpower\u2019s human rights policies as a very serious problem for their country. Only in India do more people describe Chinese human rights policies than U.S. policies as a very serious problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=269999\"><img data-dominant-color=\"cfd7d1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #cfd7d1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"560\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that In some middle-income countries, people see economic competition with the U.S. as a bigger problem than economic competition with China \" class=\"wp-image-269999 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=225,300 225w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=768,1024 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=304,405 304w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=200,267 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=260,347 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=310,413 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=420,560 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=640,853 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=740,987 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=160,213 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_3_06.png?resize=320,427 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similar patterns appear on other issues we asked about, including economic competition. In Turkey, Mexico and South Africa, more say economic competition with the U.S. is a very serious problem for their country than say the same about economic competition with China. In Brazil, Argentina, Nigeria and Kenya, economic competition with the U.S. and China are seen in a similar light. Only in India do more see economic competition with China as a very serious problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To see how views of U.S. and Chinese military power, political influence and debt ownership compare, refer to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/appendix-b-how-people-in-middle-income-countries-see-bilateral-issues-with-the-u-s-and-china-detailed-tables\/\">Appendix B<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For more about views of these bilateral issues with the U.S., read \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/07\/15\/how-people-in-9-middle-income-countries-see-relations-with-the-us-china\">How people in 9 middle-income countries see relations with the U.S., China.<\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Across nine middle-income countries, people generally see investment from China as a good thing because it creates jobs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":648,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,125],"tags":[],"bylines":[738,2745,633,954,589],"collection":[],"datasets":[3043],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[506,514,505],"research-teams":[525],"class_list":["post-269901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-china-global-image","category-global-economy-trade","bylines-christine-huang","bylines-jonathan-schulman","bylines-laura-clancy","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-william-miner","datasets-spring-2025-survey-data","formats-report","regions-countries-china","regions-countries-international","regions-countries-multiple-regions-worldwide","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":269886,"word_count":1258,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":270038,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"People walk through a shopping area in a historic neighborhood of Beijing on Oct. 3, 2024. (Kevin Frayer\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":270038,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"People walk through a shopping area in a historic neighborhood of Beijing on Oct. 3, 2024. (Kevin Frayer\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":270038,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"People walk through a shopping area in a historic neighborhood of Beijing on Oct. 3, 2024. (Kevin Frayer\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":270038,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"People walk through a shopping area in a historic neighborhood of Beijing on Oct. 3, 2024. (Kevin Frayer\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A1":{"id":270038,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/PG_25.07.15_ViewsOfChina_featured@2x.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"People walk through a shopping area in a historic neighborhood of Beijing on Oct. 3, 2024. 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(Kevin Frayer\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":269886,"title":"International Views of China Turn Slightly More Positive","slug":"international-views-of-china-turn-slightly-more-positive","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/international-views-of-china-turn-slightly-more-positive\/","is_active":false},{"id":269894,"title":"1.\u00a0\u00a0Views of China and Xi Jinping","slug":"views-of-china-and-xi-jinping-2025","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/views-of-china-and-xi-jinping-2025\/","is_active":false},{"id":269898,"title":"2. China\u2019s economic power and economic relations","slug":"chinas-economic-power-and-economic-relations","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/chinas-economic-power-and-economic-relations\/","is_active":false},{"id":269901,"title":"3. Views of China in middle-income countries","slug":"views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries\/","is_active":true},{"id":269906,"title":"4. Where China is seen as an ally or threat","slug":"where-china-is-seen-as-an-ally-or-threat","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/where-china-is-seen-as-an-ally-or-threat\/","is_active":false},{"id":269911,"title":"Appendix A: Global Attitudes Survey fieldwork timeline","slug":"appendix-a-global-attitudes-survey-fieldwork-timeline-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/appendix-a-global-attitudes-survey-fieldwork-timeline-2\/","is_active":false},{"id":269916,"title":"Appendix B: How people in middle-income countries see bilateral issues with the U.S. and China (detailed tables)","slug":"appendix-b-how-people-in-middle-income-countries-see-bilateral-issues-with-the-u-s-and-china-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/appendix-b-how-people-in-middle-income-countries-see-bilateral-issues-with-the-u-s-and-china-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false},{"id":269923,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments-global-views-china-2025","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/acknowledgments-global-views-china-2025\/","is_active":false},{"id":269920,"title":"Methodology","slug":"methodology-global-views-china-2025","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/methodology-global-views-china-2025\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_wkq2kx3nx","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_topline.pdf","label":"Topline","attachmentId":269956},{"key":"_l5ck7r779","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/07\/pg_2025.07.15_global-views-china-2025_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","icon":"","attachmentId":270059},{"type":"dataset","id":3043,"label":"Spring 2025 Survey Data","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/spring-2025-survey-data\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":269901,"title":"3. 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China\u2019s economic power and economic relations","slug":"chinas-economic-power-and-economic-relations","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/chinas-economic-power-and-economic-relations\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},"pagination_items":[{"id":269886,"title":"International Views of China Turn Slightly More Positive","slug":"international-views-of-china-turn-slightly-more-positive","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/international-views-of-china-turn-slightly-more-positive\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":269894,"title":"1.\u00a0\u00a0Views of China and Xi Jinping","slug":"views-of-china-and-xi-jinping-2025","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/views-of-china-and-xi-jinping-2025\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":269898,"title":"2. China\u2019s economic power and economic relations","slug":"chinas-economic-power-and-economic-relations","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/chinas-economic-power-and-economic-relations\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":269901,"title":"3. Views of China in middle-income countries","slug":"views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/views-of-china-in-middle-income-countries\/","is_active":true,"page_num":4},{"id":269906,"title":"4. Where China is seen as an ally or threat","slug":"where-china-is-seen-as-an-ally-or-threat","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/where-china-is-seen-as-an-ally-or-threat\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":269911,"title":"Appendix A: Global Attitudes Survey fieldwork timeline","slug":"appendix-a-global-attitudes-survey-fieldwork-timeline-2","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/07\/15\/appendix-a-global-attitudes-survey-fieldwork-timeline-2\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":269916,"title":"Appendix B: How people in middle-income countries see bilateral issues with the U.S. and China (detailed 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