{"id":260452,"date":"2025-06-09T13:47:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T17:47:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=260452"},"modified":"2025-08-14T10:29:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T14:29:39","slug":"religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific\/","title":{"rendered":"9. Religion in Asia and the Pacific"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

As of 2020, the Asia-Pacific region is home to 4.5 billion people, 10% more than in 2010. This large and religiously diverse region \u2013 where no single religious group constitutes a majority of the population \u2013 includes more than 1 billion each of Hindus, Muslims and religiously unaffiliated people. The region also has hundreds of millions of Buddhists, Christians and people in the \u201cother religions\u201d umbrella category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The vast majority of the world\u2019s Hindus (99%) and Buddhists (98%) live in the Asia-Pacific region. Most of the world\u2019s Muslims (59%), adherents of other religions (65%) and religiously unaffiliated people (78%) also reside in this region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The heavy concentration of all these groups in Asia and the Pacific is due to the region\u2019s religious diversity and history, as well as its massive population (a majority of the world\u2019s inhabitants). Hinduism, Buddhism and many religions that fall into the \u201cother religions\u201d category \u2013 including Daoism (also spelled Taoism), Jainism, Shintoism and Sikhism \u2013 were founded in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nearly 95% of the world\u2019s Hindus live in one country: India, where Hindus make up 79% of the nation\u2019s 1.4 billion people. Adherents in the \u201cother religions\u201d category make up less than 3% of India\u2019s population as of 2020, but even that small share is a lot of people. India contains 21% of all the people in the world who belong to the \u201cother religions\u201d category. (For more about India\u2019s religious landscape, refer to our 2021 report on how the religious composition of India changed from the 1990s through 2010<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A majority of the world\u2019s religiously unaffiliated people live in China (67%), which was the world\u2019s most populous country in 2020, though it has since been surpassed in size by India<\/a>. Fully 90% of China\u2019s population is religiously unaffiliated. (Refer to our 2023 report \u201cMeasuring Religion in China<\/a>\u201d for additional context, including a summary of recent Chinese government policy toward religion.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Table<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Religious change<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Most groups in the Asia-Pacific region grew in absolute number between 2010 and 2020. Growth in population count<\/em> was greatest for Muslims (up 16%), Hindus (up 12%) and the religiously unaffiliated (up 10%). As of 2020, the religiously unaffiliated were the largest group in the region, with nearly 1.5 billion people. Muslims and Hindus each numbered about 1.2 billion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buddhists are the only group that shrank in number, to 316 million in 2020, down 6% over the preceding decade. This decline was partly due to religious disaffiliation, particularly in some East Asian countries with large Buddhist populations. In addition, Buddhism is declining for demographic reasons, including relatively low fertility rates and an older age distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There were modest changes in the percentage (or share<\/em>) that each religion made up of the region\u2019s overall population. The share of the region\u2019s population that is Muslim grew to 26% (up about 1 percentage point), while the share of the population that is Buddhist decreased by about 1 point, to about 7%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overall, the share of the region\u2019s population that is religiously unaffiliated was stable. However, this stability masks more complex patterns at the individual country-level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Substantial change within countries<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Several countries in the Asia-Pacific region saw a substantial shift (of at least 5 percentage points) in one or more religious group\u2019s share of the total population between 2010 and 2020. The religiously unaffiliated grew considerably in five countries (Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Vietnam and Japan), while Christians shrank in three (Kazakhstan, New Zealand and Australia). Buddhists declined in South Korea and Muslims grew in Kazakhstan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How is \u2018substantial change\u2019 defined?<\/summary>\n

This section highlights countries that experienced substantial change in the size of their religious populations between 2010 and 2020. We focus on cases where a religious group\u2019s share of a country\u2019s population grew or shrank by at least 5 percentage points. We set that threshold because wide variations in data sources make it difficult to test the statistical significance of differences in population estimates in 2010 and 2020. Refer to the Methodology<\/a> for details.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Australia<\/strong> showed the most change. Between 2010 and 2020, Australia\u2019s Christian population fell from 67% to 47% of the country\u2019s total population (down 20 points), while the religiously unaffiliated grew to represent 42% of the country\u2019s inhabitants (up 17 points). Australia is one of four countries around the world that had a Christian majority in 2010 but not in 2020<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Table<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Median age of religious groups<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The age structure of populations varies greatly by religion across Asia and the Pacific. Three groups \u2013 Muslims (26 years), Hindus (29) and Christians (31) \u2013 have median ages that are lower than the region\u2019s overall median age (32). The figure is much higher among religiously unaffiliated people (38), Buddhists (40) and Jews (40).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Table<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The age patterns by religion in Asia and the Pacific mirror those in other regions. Globally, Muslims have the lowest median age of all major religious groups, followed by Hindus; most members of these two religions around the world are under 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Christians, followers of other religions, and religiously unaffiliated people are the next-youngest groups, both in the Asia-Pacific region and worldwide. Both in the Asia-Pacific region and globally, Buddhists and Jews have the highest median ages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hindus, Muslims and the unaffiliated each make up about a quarter or more of the Asia-Pacific population. These groups all grew there from 2010-2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":675,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[192,179,193,189,188,412,406,174,160,195,405],"tags":[],"bylines":[723,934,689,2754,871,680],"collection":[],"datasets":[2763],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[499,507,506,516,504,498,514,501,497,513,509,510,505,512,500,508,511,496,515],"research-teams":[517],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-260452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-buddhism","category-christianity","category-hinduism","category-islam","category-judaism","category-pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project","category-religious-characteristics-of-demographic-groups","category-religious-demographics","category-religious-identity-affiliation","category-religiously-unaffiliated","category-size-demographic-characteristics-of-religious-groups","bylines-anne-shi","bylines-conrad-hackett","bylines-dalia-fahmy","bylines-marcin-stonawski","bylines-stephanie-kramer","bylines-yunping-tong","datasets-dataset-of-global-religious-composition-estimates-for-2010-and-2020","formats-report","regions-countries-afghanistan","regions-countries-asia-pacific","regions-countries-china","regions-countries-europe-russia","regions-countries-germany","regions-countries-india","regions-countries-international","regions-countries-iran","regions-countries-israel","regions-countries-latin-america","regions-countries-mexico","regions-countries-middle-east-north-africa","regions-countries-multiple-regions-worldwide","regions-countries-north-america","regions-countries-north-korea","regions-countries-russia","regions-countries-sub-saharan-africa","regions-countries-syria","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-religion"],"label":false,"post_parent":260333,"word_count":809,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":260814,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":260816,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_topic.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":260814,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_crop.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":260814,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_crop.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_crop.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A1":{"id":260816,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_topic.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/05\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_topic.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"","char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the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020","slug":"how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020\/","is_active":false},{"id":260365,"title":"1. Factors driving religious change, 2010-2020","slug":"factors-driving-religious-change-2010-2020","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/factors-driving-religious-change-2010-2020\/","is_active":false},{"id":260372,"title":"2. Christian population change","slug":"christian-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/christian-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260385,"title":"3. Muslim population change","slug":"muslim-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/muslim-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260391,"title":"4. Religiously unaffiliated population change","slug":"religiously-unaffiliated-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religiously-unaffiliated-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260423,"title":"5. Hindu population change","slug":"hindu-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/hindu-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260426,"title":"6. Buddhist population change","slug":"buddhist-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/buddhist-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260432,"title":"7. \u2018Other religions\u2019 population change","slug":"other-religions-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/other-religions-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260450,"title":"8. Jewish population change","slug":"jewish-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/jewish-population-change\/","is_active":false},{"id":260452,"title":"9. Religion in Asia and the Pacific","slug":"religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific\/","is_active":true},{"id":260455,"title":"10. Religion in Europe","slug":"religion-in-europe","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-europe\/","is_active":false},{"id":260457,"title":"11. Religion in Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"religion-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/","is_active":false},{"id":260459,"title":"12. Religion in the Middle East and North Africa","slug":"religion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/","is_active":false},{"id":260490,"title":"13. Religion in North America","slug":"religion-in-north-america","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-north-america\/","is_active":false},{"id":260607,"title":"14. Religion in sub-Saharan Africa","slug":"religion-in-sub-saharan-africa","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-sub-saharan-africa\/","is_active":false},{"id":260378,"title":"15. Why we revised our estimates for 2010","slug":"why-we-revised-our-estimates-for-2010","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/why-we-revised-our-estimates-for-2010\/","is_active":false},{"id":260611,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"global-religious-change-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/global-religious-change-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":260613,"title":"Methodology","slug":"global-religious-change-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/global-religious-change-methodology\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_3pi6z37oo","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","attachmentId":261693},{"key":"_t509pgqtr","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_appendix-a.pdf","label":"Appendix A: Sources","icon":"link"},{"key":"_d2dnc5rqw","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/06\/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_appendix-b.pdf","label":"Appendix B: Religious composition table","icon":"link"},{"key":"_2pwbpkp0p","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/feature\/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2020\/","label":"Interactive table: Religious composition by country, 2010-2020","icon":"link"},{"type":"dataset","id":2763,"label":"Dataset of Global Religious Composition Estimates for 2010 and 2020","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/dataset-of-global-religious-composition-estimates-for-2010-and-2020\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":260452,"title":"9. 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Christian population change","slug":"christian-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/christian-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":260385,"title":"3. Muslim population change","slug":"muslim-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/muslim-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":260391,"title":"4. Religiously unaffiliated population change","slug":"religiously-unaffiliated-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religiously-unaffiliated-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":260423,"title":"5. Hindu population change","slug":"hindu-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/hindu-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":260426,"title":"6. Buddhist population change","slug":"buddhist-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/buddhist-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":260432,"title":"7. \u2018Other religions\u2019 population change","slug":"other-religions-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/other-religions-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":260450,"title":"8. Jewish population change","slug":"jewish-population-change","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/jewish-population-change\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},{"id":260452,"title":"9. Religion in Asia and the Pacific","slug":"religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-asia-and-the-pacific\/","is_active":true,"page_num":10},{"id":260455,"title":"10. Religion in Europe","slug":"religion-in-europe","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-europe\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11},{"id":260457,"title":"11. Religion in Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"religion-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/","is_active":false,"page_num":12},{"id":260459,"title":"12. Religion in the Middle East and North Africa","slug":"religion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/","is_active":false,"page_num":13},{"id":260490,"title":"13. Religion in North America","slug":"religion-in-north-america","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-north-america\/","is_active":false,"page_num":14},{"id":260607,"title":"14. Religion in sub-Saharan Africa","slug":"religion-in-sub-saharan-africa","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/religion-in-sub-saharan-africa\/","is_active":false,"page_num":15},{"id":260378,"title":"15. Why we revised our estimates for 2010","slug":"why-we-revised-our-estimates-for-2010","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/why-we-revised-our-estimates-for-2010\/","is_active":false,"page_num":16},{"id":260611,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"global-religious-change-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/global-religious-change-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":17},{"id":260613,"title":"Methodology","slug":"global-religious-change-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/06\/09\/global-religious-change-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":18}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020","parent_id":260333},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"Hackett, Conrad, Marcin Stonawski, Yunping Tong, Stephanie Kramer, Anne Fengyan Shi and Dalia Fahmy. 2025. \"How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020.\" Pew Research Center. doi: 10.58094\/fj71-ny11.","prc_seo_data":{"title":"How religious groups' sizes changed in Asia and the Pacific, 2010-2020","description":"Hindus, Muslims and the unaffiliated each make up about a quarter or more of the Asia-Pacific population. 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