{"id":24168,"date":"2023-11-09T09:55:38","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/"},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:59:28","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:59:28","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","title":{"rendered":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the United States, the practice of leaving gratuities began in the late 1800s and was well established by the Roaring Twenties (read \u201cA brief history of tipping in the United States\u201d). Despite this long history with tipping, Americans express ambivalence or uncertainty on a variety of questions related to it.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"a-brief-history-of-tipping-in-the-united-states\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;a-brief-history-of-tipping-in-the-united-states&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>A brief history of tipping in the United States<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Social historians don\u2019t entirely agree about how the custom of tipping originated, but there\u2019s general consensus that it wasn\u2019t common at commercial establishments in the United States, especially outside major cities, until <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/10\/12\/magazine\/12tipping-t.html\">after the Civil War<\/a>. The practice was spread either by European visitors or by wealthy Americans returning from Europe, where tipping was far more common at the time. (Today, tipping is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ricksteves.com\/travel-tips\/money\/tipping-in-europe\">less common in most of Europe<\/a> than in North America.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The practice was reinforced by businesses that employed large numbers of recently freed slaves \u2013 most notably, the Pullman railroad sleeping-car company. As tipping critic William R. Scott <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/33170\/33170-h\/33170-h.htm\">noted in 1916<\/a>, nearly all of Pullman\u2019s 6,500 porters were Black men from the South, whose base pay in most cases was $27.50 a month (about $760 in today\u2019s dollars). But the company encouraged passengers to tip, and with tips porters could bring home around $70 to $100 a month or more (roughly $1,900 to $2,800 in today\u2019s dollars).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the turn of the 20th century, tipping was established enough in the U.S. that some high-end restaurants were actually <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Ofer-Azar\/publication\/222434354_The_history_of_tipping_-_From_sixteenth-century_England_to_United_States_in_the_1910s\/links\/60b2760b92851cd0d9854320\/The-history-of-tipping-From-sixteenth-century-England-to-United-States-in-the-1910s.pdf\">charging their waiters for the right to work<\/a> and earn tips. But tipping remained controversial.&nbsp;Some hotel and restaurant managers <a href=\"https:\/\/harvest.usask.ca\/handle\/10388\/14275\">actively discouraged tips<\/a> \u2013 deeming them essentially bribes for more food or better service, according to business scholar Marc S. Mentzer \u2013 and several states tried to ban the practice. Others saw the practice as un-American: Scott wrote that \u201ctipping, and the aristocratic idea it exemplifies, is what we left Europe to escape. It is a cancer in the breast of democracy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the 1920s, financial strains stemming from Prohibition helped solidify tipping\u2019s place in the hospitality industry. Hotels, under pressure to make all aspects of their business self-supporting, switched from the <a href=\"https:\/\/famoushotels.org\/news\/continental-european-and-american-plan\">\u201cAmerican Plan,\u201d<\/a> in which meals are included as part of the room rate, to the \u201cEuropean Plan,\u201d in which meals are paid for separately. Because hotel managers, as Mentzer writes, \u201cwere more receptive to their staff receiving tips under [the] European Plan, [their] tendency to respond to Prohibition by switching to the European Plan had the effect of making tipping more common.\u201d They began to view tipping as a way to ease payroll expenses, rather than bribery by customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, many hotel bars were turned into \u201clunch rooms\u201d open to the general public, and a la carte dining grew more common. Tipping became not only tolerated but, before long, widely accepted.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;is-tipping-more-a-choice-or-an-obligation&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"is-tipping-more-a-choice-or-an-obligation\">Is tipping more a choice or an obligation?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the fundamental question of whether tipping is more of a choice or an obligation, or whether it depends on the situation. Overall, 21% of U.S. adults say it\u2019s more of a choice, 29% say it\u2019s more of an obligation and 49% say it depends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-31354\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/sr_23-11-09_tipping-culture_01_01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8e9e7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_01.png?resize=480,599 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_01.png?resize=782,976 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_01.png?resize=840,1048 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"798\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_01.png?w=640\" alt=\"Bar chart comparing views of tipping across demographic groups. 21% of Americans say they think of tipping as more of a choice, 29% see it as more of an obligation, and nearly half say it depends on the situation.\" class=\"wp-image-31354 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8e9e7; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In nearly every demographic group, the largest share of Americans say tipping depends on the situation. But there are still some differences in the public\u2019s views:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Younger people are likelier than older people to see tipping as more of an obligation. <\/strong>Some 38% of adults under 30 say it\u2019s more of an obligation, compared with smaller shares of older Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, about three-in-ten among those 65 and older (29%) see tipping as more of a choice, while roughly two-in-ten or fewer say this among younger age groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The sense of tipping as an obligation rises with income and education.<\/strong> About four-in-ten upper-income adults (39%) say tipping is more of an obligation, compared with 30% of middle-income people and 24% with lower incomes. Similarly, 41% of Americans with postgraduate degrees say it\u2019s more of an obligation; smaller shares of people with lower levels of educational attainment say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related:&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/28\/do-you-tip-more-or-less-often-than-the-average-american\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Do You Tip More or Less Than the Average American?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;uncertainty-over-whether-to-tip-and-how-much&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"uncertainty-over-whether-to-tip-and-how-much\">Uncertainty over whether to tip, and how much<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to knowing whether or how much to tip, relatively few Americans express a great deal of confidence. About a third of U.S. adults (34%) say it\u2019s extremely or very easy to know <em>whether<\/em> to tip for different kinds of services these days, and a similar share (33%) say the same about knowing <em>how much<\/em> to tip. Here, too, there are some key demographic differences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-31360\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/sr_23-11-09_tipping-culture_01_02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"deded8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_02.png?resize=480,670 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_02.png?resize=782,1091 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_02.png?resize=840,1172 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"893\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_02.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31360 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #deded8; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>People with upper incomes and those with more education are <em>less<\/em> confident about tipping than those with lower incomes or less education.<\/strong> For example, only about a quarter of upper-income people (25%) and those with bachelor\u2019s degrees (26%) say it\u2019s extremely or very easy to know whether to tip in a given situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Greater shares of those with upper incomes (37%) and bachelor\u2019s degrees (35%) instead say it\u2019s not too or not at all easy. The results were similar when we asked how easy it is to know <em>how much<\/em> to tip. (For demographic differences on this and other questions in the survey, read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables\/\">Appendix<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Men express more confidence than women about tipping. <\/strong>Men are modestly more likely than women to say it\u2019s extremely or very easy to know whether to tip (37% vs. 32%) and how much to tip (37% vs. 29%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;how-should-tips-be-distributed&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-should-tips-be-distributed\">How should tips be distributed?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then there\u2019s the matter of where the tips themselves should go. To assess this, we prompted Americans to think of a restaurant with wait staff who work for tips and asked how those tips should be distributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-31368\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/sr_23-11-09_tipping-culture_01_03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e3e4e4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"708\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_03.png?resize=480,548 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_03.png?resize=620,708 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_01_03.png?w=620\" alt=\"Pie chart showing that 72% of Americans say the fairest way to distribute tips received by servers who work for tips in a restaurant is for each server to keep all the money they get in tips.\" class=\"wp-image-31368 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e3e4e4; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The balance of opinion is clear: A broad majority of Americans (72%) say the fairest way would be for each server to keep all of the money they receive in tips. Far fewer say the fairest way would be for tips to be pooled together and then shared among the entire staff (14%) or among all the servers (13%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s not uncommon for restaurants to require servers (who, by the nature of their jobs, collect the most tips) to share tips with bartenders, food runners, table bussers, hosts and other workers. Such \u201ctip pool\u201d or \u201ctipping out\u201d arrangements are extensively regulated by state and federal law. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fact-sheets\/15-tipped-employees-flsa\">Certain workers may or may not be eligible to participate<\/a>, depending on how they\u2019re paid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the United States, the practice of leaving gratuities began in the late 1800s and was well established by the Roaring Twenties (read \u201cA brief history of tipping in the United States\u201d). Despite this long history with tipping, Americans express ambivalence or uncertainty on a variety of questions related to it. Is tipping more a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[234,248,238,371,237],"tags":[],"bylines":[842,591],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-24168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-workplace","category-gig-sharing-economies-2","category-income-wages","category-lifestyle","category-personal-finances","bylines-drew-desilver","bylines-jordan-lippert","formats-report","regions-countries-united-states"],"label":false,"post_parent":24190,"word_count":1048,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":24190,"title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","slug":"tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape\/","is_active":false},{"id":24168,"title":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","is_active":true},{"id":24206,"title":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","is_active":false},{"id":24180,"title":"3. Services Americans do and don\u2019t tip for \u2013 and how much","slug":"services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much\/","is_active":false},{"id":24225,"title":"4. Factors affecting whether and how much Americans tip","slug":"factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip\/","is_active":false},{"id":24216,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"tipping-culture-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":24232,"title":"Methodology","slug":"tipping-culture-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":24240,"title":"Appendix: Detailed tables","slug":"tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_e781wlrwe","type":"topline","attachmentId":444358,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_topline.pdf"},{"key":"_tat9lu9ub","type":"report","attachmentId":444359,"url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_report.pdf"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":24168,"title":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","is_active":true,"page_num":2},"next_post":{"id":24206,"title":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},"previous_post":{"id":24190,"title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","slug":"tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},"pagination_items":[{"id":24190,"title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","slug":"tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":24168,"title":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","is_active":true,"page_num":2},{"id":24206,"title":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":24180,"title":"3. Services Americans do and don\u2019t tip for \u2013 and how much","slug":"services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":24225,"title":"4. Factors affecting whether and how much Americans tip","slug":"factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":24216,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"tipping-culture-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":24232,"title":"Methodology","slug":"tipping-culture-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":24240,"title":"Appendix: Detailed tables","slug":"tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","parent_id":24190},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"How Americans feel about tipping for service","description":"In the United States, the practice of leaving gratuities began in the late 1800s and was well established by the Roaring Twenties (read \u201cA brief history of tipping in the&hellip;","og_title":"1. 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